Biomedical subjects

Joachim-Gerd Rein

Publications and source records attributed to Joachim-Gerd Rein.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Is the Ross operation still an acceptable option in children and adolescents?

BACKGROUND: The Ross operation is increasingly accepted as an alternative to conventional valve prostheses for children, adolescents, and young adults. We review patients younger than 20 years of age. METHODS: Of 404 Ross operations done before November 2004, 60 were young patients with a median age of 12 years (range, 1 to 20 years). The pulmonary autograft technique universally was as a free root. A cryopreserved pulmonary homograft reconstructed the right ventricular outflow tract. RESULTS: Early postoperative complications were reentry for bleeding in 2 patients and one pacemaker insertion. No thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events occurred during the follow-up of 42 +/- 27 months. Two late deaths occurred, one from myocardial infarction after 3 months and another sudden death after 5 years, probably from critical pulmonary homograft stenosis. Echocardiographic follow-up revealed a median peak gradient of 6.3 +/- 3 mm Hg across the autograft. The median pulmonary homograft peak gradient of 19.1 +/- 13.7 mm Hg was increased to more than 30 mm Hg in 6 patients. Another 6 patients had moderate but clinically insignificant pulmonary homograft regurgitation. Altogether, 6 patients required reoperation for replacement of stenotic homografts. No autograft related reoperation occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Young patients with the Ross operation had good mid-term autograft function and no perioperative mortality. Factors that justify the choice of the Ross operation for young patients are the normal physiologic hemodynamics and growth of the autograft as well as freedom from anticoagulation. A 10% reoperation rate, elevated pulmonary homograft gradients, and the surgical complexity remain limiting factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Ross procedure and left ventricular mass regression.

BACKGROUND: Return of left ventricular mass to normal is considered to be a favorable result of aortic valve replacement. The Ross procedure provides near normal hemodynamics and thus allows studies of left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling. LV mass regression may be influenced by surgical technique (subcoronary [SC] versus root replacement [RR]). METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from the German Ross Registry were analyzed. A total of 646 patients (mean age: 43.6+/-12.7 years, range: 16 to 71 years; SC technique n=295, RR technique n=351) underwent a Ross procedure in 7 participating centers from 1990 to 2004. The patients underwent preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic evaluations. Mean follow-up time was 3.5+/-2.5 years (range 0.12 to 13.7 years). Follow-up completeness was 97%. The LV mass index (LVMI) decreased significantly during follow-up in both groups (SC: 209+/-53 preoperatively to 154+/-48 at 1-year follow-up, [P<0.01 versus preoperative values] to 149+/-51 g/m2 at 2-year follow-up, [P=NS 1-year versus 2-year follow-up] versus RR: from 195+/-56 preoperatively to 144+/-51 at 1-year follow-up [P<0.01 versus preoperative values] to 140+/-49 g/m2 [P=NS 1-year versus 2-year follow-up]). LVMI regression remained stagnant 1 year after the Ross procedure in most patients in both groups. On the basis of multivariate analysis, predictors for incomplete LVMI regression after the autograft procedure were high preoperative LVMI, smoking, and uncontrolled diastolic hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: At mid-term echocardiographic follow-up, patients of both groups had favorable autograft hemodynamics. Risk factors for incomplete postoperative LVMI regression in our study were smoking and persistent diastolic hypertension. This emphasizes the importance of cessation of smoking and treatment of arterial hypertension, even in younger patients, after corrected aortic valve disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta with an extended root stentless xenograft.

PURPOSE: We present an early series to determine the technical feasibility of simultaneous aortic valve and complete ascending aortic replacement using a longer stentless aortic xenograft, harvested with an extended root. DESCRIPTION: The stentless xenograft valved conduits commercially available are too short for complete ascending aorta replacement, and usually a prosthetic tube graft is required distally. EVALUATION: To avoid this extra prosthetic conduit distally a number of stentless aortic xenografts with extended conduit were obtained from a supplier (Medtronic Inc). They were inserted in 6 elderly patients (67.8 +/- 7.1 years) who all required aortic valve and ascending aorta replacements owing to pathologic dilation. CONCLUSIONS: In all cases an extra prosthetic conduit was avoided, and the length of the available biological conduit comfortably allowed total ascending aortic replacement without tension. The advantages therefore were one less suture line, cost saving regarding the prosthetic conduit, shorter cross-clamping time, and possibly shorter time spent on hemostasis.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Hemodynamic performance following the Ross operation: comparison of two different techniques.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The Ross operation as aortic valve replacement has undergone technical evolution. Originally described as a subcoronary implant, the full-root replacement technique is now more common worldwide. It remains unclear which of the two techniques has the better results. Hence, the hemodynamic performances of the two implantation methods, as applied by two experienced centers, were compared as part of the German Ross Registry. METHODS: In total, 132 (Group 1, root replacement, mean age 40 +/- 14 years) and 249 (Group 2, subcoronary implant, mean age 48 +/- 14 years) consecutively operated patients were compared clinically and echocardiographically. Data were analyzed focusing on pulmonary autograft and homograft function at mid-term (2.78 +/- 1.89 versus 2.26 +/- 2.11 years). RESULTS: Echocardiography revealed autograft peak systolic gradients of 5.0 +/- 2.7 mmHg for Group 1 and 6.7 +/- 3.7 mmHg for Group 2 (p < 0.05), and an indexed effective orifice area (EOA) of 1.98 +/- 0.57 cm2/m2 and 1.64 +/- 0.43 cm2/m2 (p < 0.05), respectively. Homograft peak systolic gradients were 15.6 +/- 9.0 mmHg and 11.7 +/- 6.8 mmHg for Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05) respectively, and the indexed EOA with regard to the homograft was 1.08 +/- 0.49 cm2/m2 and 1.26 +/- 0.50 cm2/m2 (p < 0.05). Autograft insufficiency grade > I was present in 1.5% (2/132) of Group 1 and 2.8% (7/249) of Group 2 patients. Pulmonary insufficiency grade > I was 17.4% (23/132) for Group 1 and 4.8% (12/249) for Group 2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although both groups enjoyed excellent hemodynamics in the mid-term, the root replacement technique had the advantage of larger annulus diameters and greater aortic EOA. Clinically relevant autograft regurgitation in both groups was gratifyingly rare, and seemed to be independent of surgical technique. Long-term durability of the more demanding subcoronary technique versus the problems of larger dimensions of the sinus of Valsalva and sinotubular junction in the free-root technique, remains to be proven. Apparent differences in pulmonary homograft hemodynamics can most likely be explained by surgical differences, younger patients in Group 1, and by homograft variation.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Older patients fare better with the Ross operation.

BACKGROUND: The Ross operation has an established position in young patients. We address the question of whether any age group profits most from the Ross operation, and we compare the results in various ages. METHODS: From February 1995 to August 2001 we performed 250 Ross operations. Group 1 consisted of 46 patients, ages 2 to 25 years (median age, 15 years). Group 2 consisted of 123 patients, ages 26 to 49 years (median age, 39 years). Group 3 consisted of 81 patients, ages 50 to 67 years (median age, 55 years). Echocardiography was performed perioperatively, at 2 to 6 months, and then yearly. RESULTS: Mean follow-up for the three groups was 32, 31, and 28 months, respectively (p = 0.36). One patient from group 2 died after 25 months caused by suppurative pneumonia and 3 patients from group 3 died (1 from suspected acute thoracic aorta dissection at 40 months, 1 from ventricular fibrillation after 25 months, and 1 from an undiagnosed sudden death at 5 months). Autograft replacement was necessary for 3 patients from group 2 and 1 from group 3. Autograft repair was necessary for 1 patient from group 2, and pulmonary homograft reoperation was necessary for 1 patient from group 1. All other autografts currently have physiologic gradients and clinically insignificant regurgitation. Median peak gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract was 23.6 +/- 18 mm Hg for group 1, 14.6 +/- 8 mm Hg for group 2, and 11.5 +/- 7 mm Hg, which was significantly lower for group 3 patients (p < 0.001). Eleven patients are under close follow-up for right ventricular outflow tract gradients > or = 40 mm Hg; eight of these patients are from group 1, 3 are from group 2, and there are none from group 3. CONCLUSIONS: Although the Ross operation provides excellent results in all age groups, the problem of right ventricular outflow tract stenosis has not been seen in patients older than 50 years, which implies that it offers superior results for aortic valve disease in middle aged and older patients.

Adolescent↗