Biomedical subjects

Joanna Szafranek

Publications and source records attributed to Joanna Szafranek.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in computed tomography.

The aim of the study is presentation the usefulness of CT examination in evaluation of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Material comprises a group of six patients (two women and four men) aged 52-79 years, examined in the 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin between the year 1997 and 2002. In all patients US examination and CT was performed. USG was performed with a Hitachi EUB 410 apparatus. CT was performed with Somatom AR. T scanner by Siemens, with two matrixes, 512 x 512 and 320 x 320 pixels. High resolution reconstruction algorithm was used with the possibility of performing spatial reformations. Five- and 10 mm-axial sections were performed before and after administering of contrast agents. Delayed scans were performed to reveal extravasations of the contrast agent. In three cases axial sections and MPR reconstructions revealed the presence of the periaortic haematoma with active extravasation of the contrasted blood. The ruptured aneurysm in two cases was associated with extensive retroperitoneal haematoma. The periaortic haematoma extended along the wall of the aneurysm. In one case the haematoma was localized mainly in front of aorta. In one case of aneurysm of abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, the rupture or left iliac artery with large retroperitoneal haematoma in the pelvis and intensive extravasation of contrasted blood was seen. The US examination with Power Doppler and Duplex facilitate in three cases evaluation of aneurysm localization. The rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm is life-threatening condition, in vast majority of cases resulting in patient's death. In cases of acute rupture the clinical symptoms and CT examination of stable patients are essential. In chronic rupture the early diagnosis is very important. The main role plays CT examination, which enables revealing of the aneurysm, precise evaluation of the leakage, retroperitoneal haematoma, vertebral destruction and dislocation of aorta and kidneys.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Imaging diagnostics of renal trauma.

The aim of the study is presenting the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of patients with renal injury. The material comprises a group of 16 patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Six of them were treated surgically. Plain abdominal radiography was performed in 9 patients, urography in 7, US examination in 16 patients and CT in 12 cases. The renal injuries in US were found in 16 cases, 7 of them were isolated and in 9 patients multi-organ injuries were found, with liver injury in 2 of them. The minor injuries were found in 8 cases. In other 8 cases severe renal injuries were found. The perirenal haematomas were visible as non-enhancing areas adjacent to kidney. The parenchymal laceration appeared as linear non-enhancing areas in the renal parenchyma. In the group of minor renal lesion in 3 cases the renal contusion was found and small parenchymal and subcapsular haematomas in 2 cases appearing as hyperdense subcapsular areas, without evident contrast enhancement. In 2 cases CT revealed perirenal extravasations of blood, appearing as perirenal masses (density of 50 HU), and not revealing contrast enhancement. In 2 cases in CT retroperitoneal haematomas were found. The absence of excretion was found in 2 cases, representing severe injury of the renal pedicle. In 3 cases the injury of ureteropelvic system with extravasations of the contrasted urine into perinephric area was found in CT and in urography. That was the most frequent urographic sign of renal laceration. In 3 cases axial sections revealed injuries of renal collecting system, with subtle extravasation of contrasted urine. In 2 other cases of extensive parenchymal injuries US examination revealed irregular areas of inhomogeneous reflectivity. Radiological evaluation of kidney in patients which sustained abdominal trauma is generally indicated in patients with hypotension < 90 mm Hg and hematuria. CT is preferred image method, enabling evaluation of the injury category. CT is essential in qualifying of patients for conservative or surgical management. USG is also useful in initial diagnosis, but usually precise renal evaluation requires additional CT examination.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Differentiation of causes of inhomogeneous lung density in high resolution computed tomography.

HRCT is a method of imaging, which achieves optimum quality of anatomical lung structures, the modality of choice in assessment of lung parenchyma. It enables assessment of pathological changes at the level of lung lobule. The most important factors, deciding of high resolution are thin collimation, 2-3 mm and image reconstruction with the sharp "bone" algorithm. HTCT enables imaging of subtle differences in lung density, invisible on plain radiograms and even in conventional computed tomography. The aim of the study was the assessment of the diagnostic possibilities of HRCT in diagnosing and differentiating cases of inhomogeneous lung density. The presence of inhomogeneous lung density in HRCT examination can be result of ground glass opacities, air-trapping, and mosaic perfusion. These signs are visible only on HRCT scans and are involved with gravitational effect and respiratory mechanism. The expiratory HRCT scans are very important in differentiating causes of inhomogeneous lung density.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Diagnosis of emphysema and air-trapping in high resolution computed tomography.

Conventional computed tomography has several limitations, connected with long scanning time, and using 1cm thick collimation. Improvement in quality of images of lung parenchyma led to the development of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). It optimizes the morphological images of the lung parenchyma at the level of the lung lobule, becoming the modality of choice in evaluating the lung interstitium. The aim of the study was assessment of the usefulness of HRCT in diagnosis of emphysema, determining its character and presence of air-trapping. The emphysema and air-trapping are interstitial changes, causing inhomogeneous lung density on HRCT sections. Emphysema is usually a permanent destruction of lung parenchyma, while in the case of air-trapping the pathology may be potentially reversible. HRCT is considered to be the most accurate diagnostic modality in emphysema. The focal areas of low attenuation are clearly seen among the areas of normal lung parenchyma of higher density, provided sufficiently low window level is established (-600 to -800 H.U.). The HRCT sections statistically significantly increased the frequency of diagnosis of emphysema on inspiratory sections, and air-trapping on expiratory scans. In revealing of air-trapping HRCT is diagnostic modality of choice. The expiratory sections reveal presence of air-trapping invisible on expiratory scans. The HRCT section enables differentiation of different kinds of emphysema that were invisible on plain radiograms, sensitivity of which in revealing small emphysematous changes is very poor. HRCT makes it possible to quantify emphysematous changes, the degree of parenchymal destruction, secondary functional disorders. It is more sensitive and specific in determining the type and extension of emphysema.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Differentiation of etiology of nodular changes in high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in interstitial lung diseases.

High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) enables imaging of morphological changes invisible on plain chest radiograms or conventional CT. This is related to thin collimations of the scans and sharp (bone) algorithm of image reconstruction. In HRCT the lung interstitium may be evaluated at the level of the smallest functional unit, namely pulmonary lobule. Nodular changes are among the most frequent morphological changes in interstitial lung diseases. The aim of the study is evaluation of frequency and character of nodular changes in HRCT in interstitial lung diseases. HRCT enables imaging of nodular changes in miliary tuberculosis, before they are visible on radiograms. Perilymphatic nodules are typical in sarcoidosis, lymphangitic spread of carcinoma and pneumoconiosis. In sarcoidosis nodules predominate along the peribronchovascular cuffs and in subpleural regions, in lymphangitic spread of carcinoma they are septal and peribronchovascular. In pneumoconiosis nodules are centrilobular and subpleural. The assessment of character and localization of nodules in interstitial lung disease is not sufficient in reliable differentiation, but may be helpful in differential diagnosis in association in other HRCT findings.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

The correlation of US and CT values in the diagnostics of giant pseudo-cysts of the liver.

The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the value of US and CT examinations in the diagnostics of giant hepatic pseudo-cysts. The material comprises 15 cases of complex hepatic pseudo-cysts with diameter exceeding 5 cm, which in 6 cases had traumatic etiology, in 4 neoplastic (cystoadenomas and cystoid adenocarcinomas) and in 5 cases infectious (postinflammatory and parasitic). Considerable disproportions in US and CT pictures of liver cysts were revealed. Posttraumatic cysts showed smooth inner contours in CT while in US irregular contours with thin septa intussuscepting to the inside were found. In 2 cases of neoplastic cysts thin inner septa were only shown with US examination. In parasitic cysts CT visualized only a part of septa visible in US. It was found out that considerable disproportions of US and CT pictures of complex hepatic cysts require combination of both imaging methods in their diagnostics. US shows high sensitivity in revealing septa, determining internal contours and wall thickness. CT reveals calcifications and after contrast enhancement vascularised walls, septa and tissue component. CT is useful in determining topographic relations of big hepatic cysts.

Cysts↗