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Biomedical subjects

Joaquim Gama-Rodrigues

Publications and source records attributed to Joaquim Gama-Rodrigues.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Prognostic value of immunohistochemistry in gastric neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors.

UNLABELLED: Three subtypes of enterochromaffin-like cell tumors (carcinoids) have been described: type I, associated with chronic atrophic gastritis; type II, multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; and type III, sporadic tumors. OBJECTIVES: (i) To investigate the immunoexpression of Ki-67, p53 and Bcl-2 proteins in enterochromaffin-like cell (carcinoid) tumors and (ii) to evaluate the prognostic value of these markers. METHODS: Fifty-four samples from 21 patients with gastric carcinoid tumors were sectioned and immunostained using avidin-biotin peroxidase method. RESULTS: The mean age was 62.2+/-11.4 years (36-83 years-old) and 13 (61.9%) were women. Type I lesions were detected in 61.9% and type III in 38.1%. Tumors were single in 10 (47.6%) and were multiple and/or multicentric in 11 (52.4%). Nuclear p53 immunoreactivity was observed in 6/21 patients (28.6%), and all of them were type III tumors (6/8), compared with no p53 expression in type I (0/13), P=0.0002. p53 expression was also associated with high degree of cell proliferation (Ki-67-positive nuclear cells), P=0.00001. Bcl-2 expression was either unreactive or weakly positive in all tumor lesions. The mean follow-up period was 50.4 months (SD=45.2), varying from 6 to 144 months. Overall survival time of patients with positive p53 expression and high proliferative rate was significantly lower than that of negative patients (14.4 vs 123 months, P=0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: (i) p53 immunoexpression associated with high proliferative rate was useful to distinguish between type I and type III gastric carcinoid tumors and (ii) these markers were able to predict a shorter survival.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Echo-endoscopy versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis: the influence of the size of the stone and diameter of the common bile duct.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is highly accurate in diagnosing choledocholithiasis, but it is the most invasive of the available methods. Endoscopic ultrasonography is a very accurate test for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis with a risk of complications similar to that of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. AIM: To compare the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones before laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to analyze endoscopic ultrasound results according to stone size and common bile duct diameter. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifteen patients with symptomatic gallstones were admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Sixty-eight of them (31.7%) had a dilated common bile duct and/or hepatic biochemical parameter abnormalities. They were submitted to endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Sphincterotomy and sweeping of the common bile duct were performed if endoscopic ultrasonography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were considered positive for choledocholithiasis. After sphincterotomy and common bile duct clearance the largest stone was retrieved for measurement. Endoscopic or surgical explorations of the common bile duct were considered the gold-standard methods for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. RESULTS: All 68 patients were submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography with confirmation of the presence of gallstones. Endoscopic ultrasonography was a more sensitivity test than endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (97% vs. 67%) for the detection of choledocholithiasis. When stones >4.0 mm were analyzed, endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography presented similar results (96% vs. 90%). Neither the size of the stone nor the common bile duct diameter had influence on endoscopic ultrasonographic performance. CONCLUSIONS: For a group of patients with an intermediate or moderate risk with respect to the likelihood of having common bile duct stones, endoscopic ultrasonography is a better test for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis when compared to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography mainly for small-sized calculi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Loop ileostomy morbidity: timing of closure matters.

PURPOSE: Diverting stomas are commonly performed during ileoanal and coloanal anastomoses. We studied a series of patients after loop ileostomy closure to determine risk factors and the impact of the interval from primary operation on morbidity. METHODS: Ninety-three consecutive patients undergoing loop ileostomy closure at a single institution after coloanal or ileoanal anastomosis were retrospectively reviewed. Complications were classified as medical or surgical according to its treatment requirements. Results were correlated to clinical and operative features. RESULTS: Of the 93 patients, 43 were male and 50 were female with mean age of 56 years. Overall, complication rate was 17.2 percent. The most common complication was small-bowel obstruction. Complications required operative management in 3.2 percent and medical management alone in 14 percent. There was no mortality. There was no correlation between complication occurrence and age, gender, type of suture (manual or mechanical), and operative time. Complications were significantly associated with primary disease and shorter interval between primary operation and ileostomy closure. Regarding the optimal interval between primary surgery and ileostomy closure, the cutoff value for increased risk of developing postoperative complications was 8.5 weeks, below which the risk of such occurrence was significantly higher with a sensitivity rate of 88 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Diverting loop ileostomy adds little cumulative morbidity to the primary operation and is a safe option for diversion to protect a low colorectal anastomosis. To further reduce morbidity, the interval between primary operation and ileostomy closure should be no shorter than 8.5 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Does the intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytology add prognostic information in patients with potentially curative gastric resection?

Peritoneal recurrence is the foremost pattern of failure after potentially curative resection for gastric cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of intraperitoneal free cancer cells (IFCCs) in peritoneal lavage of patients who underwent potentially curative resection for gastric carcinoma. Two hundred twenty patients with gastric cancer stage I, II, or III were prospectively evaluated with peritoneal lavage and cytologic examination. Aspirated fluid from the abdominal cavity was centrifuged and subjected to Papanicolaou staining. The mean age was 60.9 years (range, 21-89 years), and 63.6% were men. IFCCs were detected in 6.8% of the patients; suspicious in 2.7%, and negative in 84.5%. No judgment could be given in 5.9% of the cases. Invasion of the gastric serosa (pT3) was observed in all positive cytology patients. Patients with IFCCs had a mean survival time of 10.5 months, while those with negative IFCC had a mean survival time of 61 months (P = 0.00001). There was no correlation between the presence of IFCCs and tumor size, histology, pN, or tumor site. Our conclusions are that (1) positive cytology indicates a poor prognosis in patients who underwent potentially curative gastric resection and (2) peritoneal lavage cytology improves staging in assessing these patients and may alter their therapeutic approach.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Patterns of failure and survival for nonoperative treatment of stage c0 distal rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is the preferred treatment option for distal rectal cancer. Complete pathological response after CRT has led to the proposal of nonoperative approach as an alternative treatment for highly selected patients with complete clinical response. However, patterns of failure following this strategy remains undetermined. Three hundred sixty-one patients with distal rectal cancer were managed by neoadjuvant CRT including 5-FU, leucovorin, and 5040 cGy. Tumor response assessment was performed at 8 weeks following CRT. Patients with complete clinical response were not immediately operated on and were closely followed. One hundred twenty-two patients were considered to have complete clinical response after the first tumor response assessment. Of these, only 99 patients sustained complete clinical response for at least 12 months and were considered stage c0 (27.4%) and managed nonoperatively. Mean follow-up was 59.9 months. There were 13 (13.1%) recurrences: 5 (5%) endorectal, 7 (7.1%) systemic, and 1 (1%) combined recurrence. All 5 isolated endorectal recurrences were salvaged. Mean recurrence interval was 52 months for local failure and 29.5 months for systemic failure. There were five cancer-related deaths after systemic recurrences. Overall and disease-free 5-year survivals were 93% and 85%. Even though surgery remains the standard treatment for rectal cancer, nonoperative treatment after complete clinical response following neoadjuvant CRT may be safe and associated with good survival rates in a highly selected group of patients. Survival in these patients is significantly affected by systemic failure. Exclusive local failure occurs late after CRT completion and is frequently amenable to salvage therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Changes in insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese patients with or without metabolic syndrome after gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the medium term changes in insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) with silastic ring (Capella-Fobi). METHODS: A longitudinal, clinical intervention study was conducted in 40 patients between 18 and 65 years old, with obesity class II and III (BMI > or =35-52 kg/m(2)), divided into 2 groups: no metabolic syndrome (NMS, n=21) and metabolic syndrome (MS, n=19). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests and classification of MS according to the NCEP criteria, were performed pre-operatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: In the preoperative period, 87% of the patients presented obesity class III (BMI 47+/-5 kg/m(2)) while 13% of the patients had obesity class II (37+/-2 kg/m(2)), and 19 patients (47.5%) presented MS. In the preoperative period, there were no differences among patients with MS and NMS in relation to the anthropometrics and body composition measurements. However, triglyceridemia, glycemia and insulinemia were higher in the MS group compared to the NMS group (P<0.05), although there was no difference in HOMA between the groups. HDL-cholesterol was lower in the MS group (p<0.05). In both postoperative study periods, all patients had significant reduction of anthropometric variables, body composition and biochemical variables. There were no differences between MS and NMS (p>0.05) groups. However, insulinemia decreased more in the postoperative period in the MS group compared to the NMS group (p<0.05). MS frequency in the MS group diminished to 26% after 3 postoperative months and no patient presented features of MS after 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these observation: 1) patients of class II and III obesity present peripheral resistance to hyperinsulinemia without hyperglycemia; 2) RYGBP is able to reduce anthropometric measurements and body composition in a similar way for patients who have, or have not, MS; 3) there is rapid normalization of biochemistry of carbohydrates and lipids; 4) patients with previous MS lose the criteria needed for this diagnosis after 6 postoperative months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Role of biological mesh in surgical treatment of paracolostomy hernias.

BACKGROUND: Paracolostomy hernia is a frequent complication of intestinal stoma. Its correction can be made through relocation of the colostomy or by keeping it in place and performing abdominal wall reinforcement through direct suturing with or without a prosthesis. METHOD: Results of surgical treatment of paracolostomy hernias were analyzed in 22 patients who underwent surgery in our hospital during the past 15 years, with or without biological mesh (bovine pericardium). All patients had terminal colostomies after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. RESULTS: In 15 (68.2%) patients, hernia correction was made by maintaining the colostomy in place, in 2 of them (9.1%) without reinforcement, and in the other 13 (59.1%) through reinforcement of the aponeurosis with biological mesh. In the 7 (31.8%) other patients, hernia correction was accomplished by relocation of the colostomy. The mean follow-up period was 50.2 months. Recurrence was observed in 3 (13.6%) patients after a median of 16 months post-correction. CONCLUSION: Paracolostomy hernia remains a surgical challenge due to its high recurrence rate. Primary repair using a prosthesis of biological material may be preferable since muscle-aponeurotic weakness is frequently observed.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMed2005

Cardiaplasty and Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy (Serra-Dória procedure) for reoperation of achalasia.

BACKGROUND: After cardiomyotomy for the treatment of megaesophagus, recurrence of symptoms occur in up to 15% of the patients, but only some require a reoperation. AIM: To evaluate the results of reoperation -- cardioplasty with Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy, a technique proposed by Serra-Dória. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: Twenty patients with achalasia previously treated by cardiomyotomy, were retrospectively studied. The etiology of symptoms recurrence was reflux esophagitis in nine (45.0%) patients, healing of the myotomy in five (25.0%), end staging megaesophagus in five (25.0%) and incomplete myotomy in one (5%). Intra and postoperative complications were analyzed. The patients were studied by clinical (dysphagia, regurgitation, heartburn and weight gain), radiological and endoscopic evaluation, in the pre- and postoperative period. RESULTS: Five (25.0%) patients had complications in the immediate postoperative period. No deaths were observed. Dysphagia improved in all the patients. Regurgitation and heartburn almost disappeared in the whole group. Weight was maintained or increased in 64.7% of the patients. Radiological studies showed a decrease in the caliber of the esophagus in 53.0%, while the remaining patients maintained the pre-operative diameter. Endoscopy, performed during the late postoperative period in 17 patients, showed that 6 among the 9 with reflux esophagitis improved; 2 among the 8 with a normal esophagus during the preoperative period, developed esophagitis. CONCLUSIONS: The Serra-Dória procedure for the treatment of megaesophagus in patients who had already undergone cardiomyotomy and whose symptoms recurred, presented a low morbidity and no mortality. It offered a significant relief of symptoms with a decrease of the caliber of the esophagus in several patients. The patients also improved with regards to reflux esophagitis. In some cases reflux was still present after surgery. Others with normal esophagus in the preoperative period developed esophagitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Apoptosis participation in the acute rejection of intestinal transplantation in rats].

BACKGROUND: Intestinal transplantation is a possible treatment for patients with short bowel syndrome, aiming the reintroduction of oral diet. However, the major obstacle in this procedure is the strong rejection. Delay in rejection diagnosis may be irreversible and lethal. AIM: To define method for early diagnosis of rejection based on the apoptosis from intestinal allograft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isogenic rats Brown-Norway (BN) and Lewis (LEW) were submitted to intestinal heterotopic allotransplantation and divided in two groups: LEW donor to LEW recipient isograft group C and BN donor to LEW recipient allograft group (Tx). According to the day of sacrifice, Tx group were subdivided in three subgroups with eight animals each as follow: Tx3-- sacrificed at third postoperative day (POD), Tx5 -- sacrificed at fifth POD and Tx7 -- sacrificed at seventh POD. Eight animals from control group were subdivided in three moments according to the time of biopsy from the graft as follow: C3 -- biopsy at third POD; C5 -- biopsy at fifth POD and C7 -- biopsy at seventh POD. All animals from control group were sacrificed at seventh POD. Rejection parameters were compared between the control groups (C3 vs C5, C3 vs C7 and C5 vs C7, and allograft group (Tx3 vs Tx5, Tx3 vs Tx7 and Tx5 vs Tx7). The same parameters were analyzed between the control group and allograft groups ( C3 vs Tx3, C5 vs Tx5 and C7 vs Tx7). In C group no statistical significant difference regarding the expression of the apoptotic cells were detected, while in Tx group, the presence of apoptotic cells were remarkable since the third postoperative day.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Basal energy expenditure and diet- induced modifications to thermogenesis in short bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND & AIM: The influence of food intake on diet-induced thermogenesis, in the absence of parenteral nutrition, has not been assessed in short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients. We studied basal energy expenditure (BEE) and diet-induced thermogenesis in SBS patients (n=8) and paired healthy adult volunteer controls (n=8). METHODS: Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) before and after control diet intake. All study participants received oral control diet randomly given in 3 doses (A=1.0, B=1.5 and C=2.0)x1/6 of BEE calories. Bioelectric impedance was assessed. Pairing criteria for controls were: age, sex, body mass index. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between SBS and paired healthy control groups in relation to absolute BEE (P=0.146) and when it was adjusted for body mass index, lean and fat body mass (P=0.861, 0.208 and 0.574, respectively). All diets promoted thermogenesis in both groups. The interaction between the control diet (A, B and C) and SBS and healthy control groups for diet induced thermogenesis presented a significant difference (P=0.026). When comparing groups (SBS vs healthy controls) in relation to the control diet (B and C) we observed: P=0.030 and 0.004, respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with SBS it was observed that: (1) BEE measured by IC in absolute values or adjusted by lean body mass is similar to healthy control group; (2) Diet-induced thermogenesis was lower than the healthy control group for higher caloric diets (B and C).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Anatomic study of gastric vascularization and its relationship to cervical gastroplasty.

The aim of this study was to perform an anatomic study of the stomach and its vascularization, evaluating the frequency of communication between the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) and the left gastroepiploic artery (LGEA), as well as their relationship to the length of the stomach without extramural (direct) vascularization in cervical gastroplasty. Forty-two fresh human cadaveric specimens were studied, and the presence of communication between the RGEA and the LGEA was observed in 26 of the dissected stomachs (61.9%). When communication was present (group 1), to a total length of 49.60 cm of greater curvature length, it was verified that approximately 16.48 cm of this curvature lacked direct extramural vascularization (33.20%). When there was non-communication (group 2), to a greater curvature length of approximately 45.41 cm, it was found that 18.96 cm of this curvature (gastric fundus) lacked direct extramural vascular perfusion (41.76%). Results obtained in both groups were tested for statistically significant differences by the Pearson correlation test (P<0.05). A P value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. It can be concluded that the presence of communication between the RGEA and the LGEA increases extramural vascularization in the great gastric curvature.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Long-term results of preoperative chemoradiation for distal rectal cancer correlation between final stage and survival.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment (CRT) has resulted in significant tumor downstaging and improved local disease control for distal rectal cancer. The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlation between final stage and survival in these patients regardless of initial disease stage. Two hundred sixty patients with distal (0-7 cm from anal verge) rectal adenocarcinoma considered resectable were treated by neoadjuvant CRT with 5-FU and leucovorin plus 5040 cGy. Patients with incomplete clinical response 8 weeks after CRT completion were treated by radical surgical resection. Patients with complete clinical response were managed by observation alone. Overall survival and disease-free survival were compared according to Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests according to final stage. Seventy-one patients (28%) showed complete clinical response (clinical stage 0). One hundred sixty-nine patients showed incomplete clinical response and were treated with surgery. In 22 of these patients (9%), pathologic examination revealed pT0 N0 M0 (stage p0), 59 patients (22%) had stage I, 68 patients (26%) had stage II, and 40 patients (15%) had stage III disease. Overall survival rates were significantly higher in stage c0 (P=0.01) compared with stage p0. Disease-free survival rate showed better results in stage c0, but the results were not significant. Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 97.7% and 84% (stage 0); 94% and 74% (stage I); 83% and 50% (stage II); and 56% and 28% (stage III), respectively. Cancer-related overall and disease-free survival may be correlated to final pathologic staging following neoadjuvant CRT for distal rectal cancer. Also, stage 0 is significantly associated with improved outcome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Laparoscopic versus standard appendectomy outcomes and cost comparisons in the private sector.

Minimally invasive surgery has been proposed as the preferred treatment strategy for various gastrointestinal disorders due to shorter hospital stay, less pain, quicker return to normal activities, and improved cosmesis. However, these advantages may not be straightforward for laparoscopic appendectomy, and optimal management of remains controversial. One hundred forty-eight patients with clinical and radiologic diagnoses of acute appendicitis treated in two different hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Seventy-eight patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy in hospital A and 70 patients underwent standard appendectomy in hospital B. Patients treated by either type of surgery were compared in terms of clinical and pathologic features, operation characteristics, complications, and costs. There were no significant differences between both groups in terms of clinical features, radiologic studies, complications, and final pathology findings (P > .05). Hospital stay was significantly shorter and bowel movements recovered quicker in the laparoscopy group. However, overall and operating room costs were significantly higher in patients treated by laparoscopy (P < .01). Our series show a subtle difference in terms of hospital stay and bowel movement recovery, favoring patients treated by laparoscopy. However, these results have to be carefully examined and weighed, because overall costs and operating room costs were significantly higher in the laparoscopy group.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A new swivel model for parenteral and enteral infusion in rats.

BACKGROUND: In experimentation with rats submitted to enteral and parenteral infusions for medium to long periods it is necessary to use swivels. With the objective of developing a new biocompatible, safe, efficient, and low cost swivel, the medical and engineering teams of the University of São Paulo joined forces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After defining the characteristics and criteria for the mechanical design, the new swivel was developed and bench tested for flow, rotation and sealing. Later it was evaluated on rats, after catheterization of jugular vein and stomach (by gastrostomy) for infusion of different solutions at certain concentrations and infusion rates (mean 6.73 days of infusion). RESULTS: The new swivel consisted of two sections of common plastic syringes for injection, together with the rubber seals, a plunger, and a hypodermic needle. The syringe with a slightly smaller diameter rotates inside the larger diameter syringe interconnected with a needle sealed by their respective rubber rings. The bench and animal tests did not reveal any functional defects. There were no blockages or leaks in the swivel and it was reused three times without losing its mechanical properties, after being hygienized and sterilized with ethylene oxide. The cost of producing this swivel is estimated to be no more than $3 US. CONCLUSION: The cooperation between the departments of medical research and mechanical engineering enabled the development of a swivel that is simple and inexpensive to make, yet fully meets the needs of parenteral and enteral infusion in rats. The authors present detailed instructions for the construction of this new swivel.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Incidence and management of perineal hernia after laparoscopic proctectomy.

Perineal hernia (PH) is formed by the protrusion of intra-abdominal viscera through a defect in the pelvic floor. This is a rare complication after conventional abdominoperineal resection, pelvic exanteration, proctectomy, and other pelvic procedures. The purpose of the present paper is to report 4 cases of PH after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer and to review literature data about the incidence, predisposing factors, and treatment of this challenging problem. When added to other 3 cases previously reported in the Brazilian series of laparoscopic surgery, this group of 7 cases comprises a PH incidence of 3.5% after rectal resection procedures. Surgical treatment is indicated only in symptomatic patients with no signs of cancer recurrence. Proposed methods of surgical repair include abdominal, perineal, or combined approaches to the hernia in association with the use of autologous tissues or prosthetic meshes. Preventive measures are represented by closure of the pelvic peritoneum whenever possible, primary perineal suture and wound care to avoid infection.

Colectomy↗
PubMed2004

Anorectal leiomyomas: report of two cases with different anatomical patterns and literature review.

Gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors comprise a rare group of gastrointestinal tract wall tumors that have long been a source of confusion and controversy, especially in terms of pathological classification, preoperative diagnosis, management strategies, and prognosis. This report describes the clinical manifestations and management of 2 rectal leiomyomas and reviews the pertinent literature. Case 1: A 44-year-old woman was admitted reporting a nodule in the right para-anal region for the previous 2 years. At proctological examination, a 4-cm diameter fibrous mass situated in the para-anal region that produced an arch under the smooth muscle on the right rectal wall just above the anorectal ring was noted. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pelvis showed the lesion and detected no other abnormalities. Surgical treatment consisted of wide local resection of the tumor through a para-anal incision, with no attempts to perform lymphadenectomy. Case 2: A 40-year-old male patient was admitted reporting constant anal pain for 4 months. He presented a 3-cm submucosal nodule at the anterior rectal wall just above the dentate line. After 2 inconclusive preoperative biopsies, transanal resection of the tumor was performed. Histological analysis of the specimen showed a benign leiomyoma. A review of the literature is presented, emphasizing some clinical and therapeutic aspects of this unusual rectal tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Cytokine participation in the acute rejection of intestinal transplantation in rats].

BACKGROUND: Intestinal transplantation is a possible treatment for patients with short bowel syndrome, aiming the reintroduction of oral diet. However, the major obstacle in this procedure is the strong rejection. Delay in rejection diagnosis may be irreversible and lethal. AIM: To define method for early diagnosis of rejection based on the presence of interleucin-6 (IL-6) e interferon- gamma (IFN-gamma) from intestinal allograft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isogenic rats Brown-Norway (BN) and Lewis (LEW) were submitted to intestinal heterotopic allotransplantation and divided in two groups: LEW donor to LEW recipient isograft group (C) and BN donor to LEW recipient allograft group (Tx). According to the day of sacrifice, Tx group were subdivided in three subgroups with eight animals each as follow: Tx3--sacrificed at third postoperative day (POD), Tx5--sacrificed at fifth POD and Tx7--sacrificed at seventh POD. Eight animals from control group were subdivided in three moments according to the time of biopsy from the graft as follow: C3--biopsy at third POD; C5--biopsy at fifth POD and C7--biopsy at seventh POD. All animals from control group were sacrificed at seventh POD. Rejection parameters were compared between the control groups (C3 vs C5, C3 vs C7 and C5 vs C7, and allograft group (Tx3 vs Tx5, Tx3 vs Tx7 and Tx5 vs Tx7). The same parameters were analyzed between the control group and allograft groups (C3 vs Tx3, C5 vs Tx5 and C7 vs Tx7). RESULTS: In C group no statistical significant difference regarding the immunoexpression of the cytokines, while in Tx group, immunoexpression of IL-6 and IFN-gamma were remarkable since the fifth postoperative day.

Acute Disease↗