Biomedical subjects

Joel R Sneed

Publications and source records attributed to Joel R Sneed.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Early-life risk factors for late-onset depression.

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences between women with no history of depression (No MDD), early-onset depression (EOD), and late-onset depression (LOD) on psychosocial risk factors (marital conflict and lack of social support), neuroticism, and overall self-rated health. METHOD: Diagnostic data from a community-based longitudinal study of women at mean ages 39, 42, 48, and 59 was used to create three groups of women (No MDD, EOD and LOD). These groups were then compared on psychosocial, personality, and overall health risk assessed approximately 10 years prior to diagnosis. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups on marital conflict and social support. Those with EOD scored higher than those in the LOD and No MDD groups on neuroticism. Importantly, those with LOD reported poorer health than those with No MDD 10 years prior to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide support for the notion that poor health and not psychosocial risk factors or neuroticism predispose otherwise healthy adults to developing depression for the first time in late-life.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Vascular depression: A distinct diagnostic subtype?

Vascular depression has been proposed as a unique and valid diagnostic subtype on the basis of studies of external (concurrent and predictive) validity. Validating a diagnostic entity on the basis of external validity is problematic, because it presupposes that the construct is well defined (i.e., the proposed features cluster together to define a distinct patient group). Because such evidence has not been obtained, we propose that the next critical step in evaluating this potential subtype is to establish internal (construct) validity and highlight taxometric analysis and latent class cluster analysis as illustrative multivariate statistical techniques that can be used in this effort. The psychometric approach advocated here (despite its inherent assumptions and limitations) might substantially improve on previous diagnostic efforts (e.g., expert consensus), and vascular depression might serve as a prototype for future psychiatric classification.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗

PubMed2006

Gender differences in the age-changing relationship between instrumentality and family contact in emerging adulthood.

Data from the Children in the Community Transitions Study were used to examine gender differences in the impact of family contact on the development of finance and romance instrumentality from ages 17 to 27 years. Family contact decreased among both men and women across emerging adulthood, although it decreased more rapidly in men than in women. Both finance and romance instrumentality increased for men and women across emerging adulthood. The growth rate did not differ between men and women in either domain, although men tended to be characterized by higher levels of instrumentality than women. There were noteworthy gender differences in the impact of family contact on the development of instrumentality. At age 17, family contact was negatively associated with instrumentality for both men and women; at age 27, the impact of family contact on instrumentality was less negative for women and was positive for men.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Survey of psychiatric treatment among psychiatric residents in Manhattan: evidence of stigma.

OBJECTIVE: Psychiatric trainees seek personal psychiatric treatment for a variety of reasons including educational objectives, symptoms relief, or functional impairment. Data on the rate of psychiatric treatment among residents and the attitudes of residents toward personal treatment are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and types of psychiatric treatment among residents and to assess residents' attitudes toward treatment. METHOD: A 51-item questionnaire was mailed to all postgraduate year (PGY)-2 through PGY-4 psychiatric residents training in Manhattan in the spring of 2002 (N = 288). Questionnaires were anonymous. Significance was tested using McNemar test of symmetry, dependent-groups t tests, or 2-way contingency table analysis where appropriate. The study was conducted from March 2002 through June 2002. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of residents returned the questionnaire. Among respondents, 57% were in individual psychiatric treatment, predominantly individual psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. The rate of medication treatment was 18%, corresponding to a 31% rate of medication use among those in psychotherapy. Residents felt that their training programs explicitly encouraged psychotherapeutic treatment but not medication treatment, and they were more likely to tell other residents and faculty about personal psychotherapy as compared with personal medication use. Residents felt that the use of medication carried "significant" stigma, while personal psychotherapy did not. CONCLUSION: In this sample, residents believe there is "significant" stigma associated with the use of psychotropic medication, while psychotherapy is seen as a respected and valued educational and therapeutic experience. These findings deserve the attention of educators and emphasize the need for further research in this area.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2004

Adolescent personality disorders and conflict with romantic partners during the transition to adulthood.

Longitudinal data were used to investigate the association of adolescent personality disorders with conflict between romantic partners during the transition to adulthood (i.e., age 17 to 27). Findings indicated that adolescent personality disorders (PDs) assessed at mean age 16 were associated with subsequent elevated partner conflict. Cluster B PD was associated with sustained elevations in partner conflict throughout the transition to adulthood. Cluster A and C PDs were associated with elevated partner conflict before age 23. Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive-compulsive PD symptoms were independently associated with sustained elevations in partner conflict.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Identity processing and self-consciousness in middle and later adulthood.

Identity process theory proposes that adjustment to aging can be conceptualized as involving the three processes of identity assimilation (maintaining self-consistency), identity accommodation (making changes in the self), and identity balance (maintaining a sense of self but changing when necessary). Measures of the identity processes and self-consciousness were administered to a community sample of 173 adults (108 women and 65 men) ranging in age from 42 to 85 years (M = 60.80; SD = 12.58). Consistent with theory, identity assimilation was positively associated with age and negatively related to self-reflection. Identity accommodation was negatively related to age and internal state awareness and positively related to self-reflection and public self-consciousness. Identity balance alone was positively related to internal state awareness, indicating that the ability to incorporate age-related changes within identity but at the same time maintain a consistent and positive view of the self is most conducive to successful aging.

Adaptation, Psychological↗