Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to John D Murray.
Xanthomas of soft tissue are common, well described lesions. Much less common are xanthomas of bone. Rarer still are xanthomas of the bones of the skull or facial skeleton. The case of a woman with an incidentally found isolated xanthoma of the frontal bone in the setting of normal blood lipid levels is reported. Surgical treatment of such lesions is both diagnostic, in excluding other lesions such as eosinophilic granuloma, and therapeutic.
The focus of the present research was to compare the memory-based processing and here-and-now accounts of situation model updating during reading. The authors conducted two experiments as a follow-up on work by R. A. Zwaan and C. J. Madden (2004), who disputed the conclusions of E. J. O'Brien, M. L. Rizzella, J. E. Albrecht, and J. G. Halleran (1998). The latter researchers found support for the memory-based processing view by showing that readers experienced reading difficulty on a sentence that was consistent with an updated model of the story's protagonist but was inconsistent with initially stated information about the protagonist. In contrast, Zwaan and Madden eliminated what they argued were confounds in the items used by O'Brien et al. and found support for the here-and-now view. In the present article, data from 2 experiments seem to eliminate weaknesses inherent in both previous authors' work. Although the present results are consistent with the here-and-now account, they do not completely discredit the memory-based processing view.
The authors tested the hypothesis that beliefs in a just world are automatically activated and used in social perception. Under the guise of a perceptual vigilance task, the authors exposed 34 undergraduate women preconsciously to words that were either rape-related or neutral. Immediately after the exposure, participants read a date scenario that was ambiguous with respect to the man's aggressiveness and the extent to which the woman was responsible for the man's behavior. Afterwards, all participants evaluated the target man and woman on an impression task. The primary finding was that participants holding stronger beliefs in a just world perceived the target woman more negatively after experiencing the rape-related prime words than after experiencing the neutral words. This pattern is consistent with a research literature that shows that believers in a just world will often "blame the victim" in cases of rape. The present findings are important because they provide evidence that general, orienting beliefs are automatically activated in a manner similar to that shown by stereotype beliefs. The authors discussed implications for social perception.
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The human body is one of near perfect bilateral anatomical symmetry. Often we all easily compare and contrast differences between one hand and the other, both in their appearance as well as their function. This also is true with breast reconstruction. While one breast is reconstructed, the opposite unaffected breast may be changed to match the reconstructed side. The goals of any symmetry procedure are to perfectly match bilateral breast size, shape, projection, and nipple-areolar position. The unaffected breast may be enlarged, reduced, or lifted to recreate the near perfect breast symmetry. We will discuss the indications and techniques of breast symmetry procedures after breast reconstruction.