Biomedical subjects

John E Meyers

Publications and source records attributed to John E Meyers.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Validation of the Meyers Short Battery on mild TBI patients.

This manuscript reports the results of two studies focusing on patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The first assesses the validity of the Meyers Short Battery (MSB) of neuropsychological tests. The second study reports on the reliability of the MSB. The groups consisted of normal controls, depressed, chronic pain patients, and patients with mild TBI. Validity was assessed using a discriminant function analysis comparing the non-TBI participants with the TBI participants, which showed a 96.1% correct classification rate. When patients were assessed at least 6 months post-injury and re-assessment 12-14 months later, an overall reliability of r = .86 was obtained. This indicates that the MSB has adequate psychometric properties for clinical use. The results are consistent with previous published research indicating that the MSB is sensitive not only to the presence of mild TBI but also to the degree of cognitive impairment based on loss of consciousness.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Concordance between the CVLT and the WMS-III word lists test.

The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the Word Lists Test (WLT) from the Wechsler Memory Scale-III are widely used tests of verbal learning and memory. To examine concordance between these popular tests, we administered both to a diagnostically diverse group of 25 patients. As expected, measures from the two tests were highly correlated, although level of concordance was not as high as might be expected. When diagnostic outcomes were discordant for free recall measures, the CVLT indicated impairment more often than did the WLT.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Neuropsychological impairment following traumatic brain injury: a dose-response analysis.

Dikmen, Machamer, Winn, and Temkin (1995) administered the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB) to a sample of TBI patients. Similar patients were obtained from the second author (JEM) for two main purposes. First, we wished to determine if there is a dose-response relationship between TBI severity and residual cognitive deficit. Second, are Dikmen et al. results generalizable to other TBI samples? Analyses of the Meyers sample replicated the analyses of Dikmen sample. A significant dose-response relationship between loss of consciousness (LOC) and cognitive impairment was found using effect sizes for the Dikmen sample, as well as using regression-based normative T scores for the Meyers sample. The two methods were highly correlated with one another. Using mean scores for the six LOC-severity groups and the two samples resulted in a correlation coefficient r=.97, p<.0001. Results are presented for clinicians to use when assessing individual patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

A validation of multiple malingering detection methods in a large clinical sample.

The purpose of this study is to further previous research that has shown that common neuropsychological tests can do "double duty" as test of motivation/malingering. Using a large clinical sample of 796 participants, it was found that the nine neuropsychological tests (when used together) were able to correctly identify litigant and nonlitigating groups. Failure on any two of the malingering tests suggested motivational/malingering issues. The groups consisted of mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain-injured patients; chronic pain, depressed, community controls, and "malingering actors." Institutionalized and noninstitutionalized patient performance were also examined. This method showed 83% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A 0% false positive rate was found, suggesting good reliability especially in litigating settings. A group of patients for whom this method of motivational assessment might not be appropriate was also identified.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

A validity index for the MMPI-2.

There have been numerous methods developed for the detection of valid profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2. The current study examined a method of combining seven different validity scales of the MMPI-2 into a common weighted method in assessing malingering in chronic pain patients. The weighted method was able to correctly classify 100% of nonlitigants, using a cutoff score of > or =5. The findings of this study suggest that chronic pain patients in litigation produce a different profile on the MMPI-2 validity scales than do nonlitigants. In a group of knowledgeable actors (malingerers), 86% was correctly classified. The overall finding showed 100% specificity and 86% sensitivity. The findings support the need for multiple validity scales to be examined in determining a valid profile. The weighted validity scales method was robust enough to account for "emotional distress" and still identify invalid MMPI-2 performance.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Dichotic listening: expanded norms and clinical application.

The object of this study was to provide an expanded normative base for the Dichotic Word Listening Test (DWLT), with particular emphasis on the performance of older individuals. The normative study consisted of 336 community living volunteers. These new norms were used to compare several groups of neurologically impaired patient groups. DWLT was found to be sensitive to the presence of brain injury, and also to the degree of acute injury as measured by loss of consciousness. The results of the short form version of the DWLT test showed 100% specificity and 60% sensitivity for mildly brain-injured patients to 80% sensitivity for more severely brain-injured patients. The respective sensitivities for Left CVA and Right CVA were 55% and 88%. The present findings suggest that the DWLT is a valid and easy to use clinical tool.

Journal Article↗