Biomedical subjects

John F Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to John F Wilson.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Women's health issues and residents' knowledge.

The American Board of Internal Medicine has stated that women's health and gender-based medicine should be included in internal medicine residency curricula. We surveyed resident perceptions of curricular adequacy in domestic violence and coronary artery disease compared to actual knowledge using a 17-item Likert survey and a knowledge-based questionnaire (n = 86). Ninety-one percent of the residents rated inadequacies in the women's health curriculum. Of residents who rated the domestic violence curriculum as adequate, 26% were unable to describe two factors in detection, triage, and treatment of these patients. Of residents who rated the cardiac disease curriculum adequate, 26% were unable to describe two gender differences in risk factors, presentation, and prognosis of coronary disease. A gap exists between perceptions of residency curricular adequacy and actual knowledge in domestic violence and coronary disease in women.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2002

Primary standardization of assays for anticonvulsant drugs: comparison of accuracy and precision.

BACKGROUND: The accuracy and precision of methods for the measurement of the anticonvulsants phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, ethosuximide, and valproate in human serum were assessed in 297 laboratories that were participants in the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UKNEQAS). METHODS: We distributed lyophilized, serum-based materials containing low, medium, and high weighed-in concentrations of the drugs. The 297 participating laboratories received the materials on two occasions, 7 months apart. Expected concentrations were determined by gas chromatography or HPLC methods in five laboratories using serum-based NIST reference materials as calibrators. RESULTS: In general, bias was consistent across concentrations for a method but often differed in magnitude for different drugs. Bias ranged from -1.9% to 8.6% for phenytoin, -2.7% to 3.1% for phenobarbital, -2.7% to 0.5% for primidone, -8.6% to 0.3% for carbamazepine, -5.6% to 2.0% for ethosuximide, and -7.2% to 0.1% for valproate. Intralaboratory sources of imprecision significantly exceeded interlaboratory sources for many drug/method combinations. The mean CVs for intra- and interlaboratory errors for the different drugs were 6.3-7.8% and 3.3-4.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For these long-established and relatively high-concentration analytes, the closed analytical platforms generally performed no better than open systems or chromatography, where use of calibrators prepared in house predominated. To improve the accuracy of measurements, work is required principally by the manufacturers of immunoassays to ensure minimal calibration error and to eliminate batch-to-batch variability of reagents. Individual laboratories should concentrate on minimizing dispensing errors.

Anticonvulsants↗

PubMed1992

Medical students' attitudes toward pain before and after a brief course on pain.

The effectiveness of a brief clinical and basic science seminar on pain for 1st year medical students was examined by comparing attitudes about pain prior to the seminar to attitudes 5 months after the seminar. The 6-h course combined written materials conveying facts about behavioral, social and biological aspects of pain with clinical observations of an acute and a chronic pain treatment team. Examination of responses to a questionnaire assessing attitudes toward pain patients revealed that medical students have limited personal experience with pain and medications for pain, and limited knowledge about pain. Pre-course attitudes toward pain patients were dominated by perceived negative characteristics of pain patients and the belief that working with such patients is difficult. Attitudes measured 5 months after the course reflected increased complexity, greater emphasis that pain is real and not imaginary, and stronger belief that working with pain patients is rewarding. Five months after the seminar, students reported more accurate estimates of the frequency of problems with addiction stemming from acute pain treatment and exaggerated the prevalence of pain problems in the society. The importance of integrating clinical and basic science experiences in order to influence long-term clinical attitudes and produce lasting changes in clinically relevant knowledge is discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The Culture-Work-Health model and work stress.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of organizational culture in the etiology of workplace stress through the framework of the Culture-Work-Health model. METHODS: A review of the business and health literature related to organizational culture was conducted and applied to the model. RESULTS: Culture is an important component of work stress and may be a key to creating effective organizational stress interventions. CONCLUSION: Work stress is as much a managerial and business concern as a health concern when it is framed in a cultural argument, and the Culture-Work-Health model provides a theoretical basis for new directions in ameliorating work stress.

Decision Making, Organizational↗