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Biomedical subjects

Jonathan R Kaltman

Publications and source records attributed to Jonathan R Kaltman.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Neurodevelopmental outcome after early repair of a ventricular septal defect with or without aortic arch obstruction.

OBJECTIVES: Cross-sectional studies of intermediate-term survivors of infant cardiac surgery have revealed a high frequency of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Few data exist regarding neurodevelopmental outcome of infants undergoing surgical intervention for a ventricular septal defect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age of children who had surgical repair in infancy of a ventricular septal defect or a ventricular septal defect with aortic arch obstruction. METHODS: Children who underwent repair of a ventricular septal defect or single-stage repair of a ventricular septal defect with aortic arch obstruction at less than 6 months of age were assessed at 1 year of age by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II, which yields the Mental Development Index and the Psychomotor Development Index, both with an expected mean of 100 +/- 15. RESULTS: At 1 year, 55 patients (ventricular septal defect alone = 36; ventricular septal defect with aortic arch obstruction = 19) returned for evaluation. The mean Mental Development Index was 92.6 +/- 11.7, with 3 (5%) patients scoring 70 or less. The mean Psychomotor Development Index was 86.1 +/- 16.4, with 10 (18%) patients scoring 70 or less. Patients with a suspected or confirmed genetic syndrome had both a lower Mental Development Index score (P = .011) and a lower Psychomotor Development Index score (P = .001). Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Development Index were independent of anatomic (specifically aortic arch obstruction) and intraoperative factors (specifically deep hypothermic circulatory arrest). CONCLUSIONS: Neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age was within the normal limits for most patients who underwent repair of a ventricular septal defect or a ventricular septal defect with aortic arch obstruction during infancy.

Aortic Arch Syndromes↗
PubMed2006

Induction of atrial fibrillation after the routine use of adenosine.

We report a case of atrial fibrillation induction after the use of adenosine for the termination of supraventricular tachycardia in the emergency department. Atrial fibrillation is not an uncommon side effect of adenosine administration. Hemodynamic collapse may occur if an antegrade-conducting accessory pathway allows for a rapid ventricular response. Therefore, we would recommend that the use of adenosine be limited to situations in which there is appropriate electrocardiographic monitoring and emergency resuscitative capabilities.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2006

Heart rate variability following neonatal heart surgery for complex congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Altered cardiac autonomic control may play a role in the morbidity and mortality suffered by neonates who undergo surgery for complex congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic activity, as measured by spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV), prior to and early after infant surgery for CHD and attempt to correlate HRV indices with clinical outcome. In addition, we assessed the hypothesis that single-ventricle physiology and surgical interruption of the great arteries negatively affects HRV. METHODS: Sixty neonates prospectively wore 24-hour Holter monitors at three time points: before and early after CHD surgery, and at 3- to 6-month follow-up. Standard spectral indices of HRV were measured. RESULTS: In the early postoperative time point, patients with single-ventricle physiology had lower low-frequency power (LF) compared to patients with two ventricles (P=0.040). Surgical interruption of the great arteries did not affect HRV in this cohort. For the entire cohort, LF (P=0.004) and high-frequency power (HF) (P<0.001) increased over the three time points, while LF/HF (P=0.119) did not significantly change. In the multivariable linear regression model, significant predictors of longer postoperative hospital stay included longer total support time (P=or<0.001), longer duration of inotrope support (P=0.012), elevated mean heart rate at postoperative time point (P=0.002), and lower LF/HF ratio at the postoperative time point (P=0.014). CONCLUSION: Patients with single-ventricle physiology have a significant physiologic reduction in LF in the early postoperative period compared to patients with two ventricles. Diminished cardiac autonomic control is associated with longer hospitalization following neonatal cardiac surgery.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2004

Slow pathway modification for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

The change in the "refractory window" was assessed as a possible indicator of successful slow pathway modification in 26 pediatric patients with persistent dual-atrioventricular node physiology. The "refractory window" was defined as the difference between the fast and slow pathway effective refractory periods. A significant decrease in the refractory window (p <0.001) after successful slow pathway modification was found.

Adolescent↗