Biomedical subjects

Jong Seok Lee

Publications and source records attributed to Jong Seok Lee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Decisions for extent of gastric surgery in gastric cancer patients: younger patients require more attention than the elderly.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a prevailing belief that young patients with gastric adenocarcinomas have a more aggressive disease. METHODS: We reviewed the prospectively collected database of 753 gastric adenocarcinomas patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy. Clinicopathological factors and the survival rates for each pathological TNM stage were compared between patients younger than 40 years of age and the others. RESULTS: Fifty-four (9.8%) patients were younger than 40 years of age. The overall accuracy of the intra-operative stage was 62.5%; 54.0% in the young patients and 63.5% in older patients (P = 0.006). Intraoperative under-staging was more commonly seen in the younger patients when compared to the older patients. These trends were more prominent in patients with surgical stage I disease. Age proved to be an independent risk factor influencing the accuracy of intraoperative staging using a logistic regression analysis. There was no difference in overall 3-year survival rate between the two age groups for each pathological TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that intra-operative under-staging was more common in young patients with gastric cancer, especially with stage I disease. This finding raises the concern for inaccurate diagnosis and surgical under treatment in younger patients with stage I gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2007

Abdominal shape of gastric cancer patients influences short-term surgical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: There is a prevailing belief that both obesity and abdominal shape influence abdominal accessibility, and thus affect short-term surgical outcomes of gastric cancer surgery. METHODS: We measured the thickness of subcutaneous fat (SCF), abdominal anterior-posterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), and intra-abdominal fat volume (IFV) at the umbilicus level by using the abdominal CT scans of 291 gastric cancer patients who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection. Clinicopathological factors including body mass index (BMI), APD, TD, IFV, and SCF and surgical outcomes, i.e., dissected lymph node number, morbidity, and mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: SCF thickness, APD, TD, IFV, and BMI mean values were 20.0 mm (range 2.0-64.0), 188.4 mm (range 128.0-332.0), 301.4 mm (range 160.0-651.0), 198.3 mm(2) (range 123.4-312.1), and 23.9 kg/m(2) (range 16.6-34.6), respectively. In male patients, APD was found to correlate with the number of retrieved lymph nodes (P = 0.045). Whereas in female patients, this was not the case (P = 0.093). Twenty-one patients experienced postoperative complications but no postoperative mortality occurred. Female patients who experienced postoperative complications had higher APD (32.9 +/- 10.0 mm versus 26.1 +/- 7.9 mm, P = 0.044) and BMI (27.3 +/- 4.1 kg/m(2) versus 24.3 +/- 3.5 kg/m(2), P = 0.049) values than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that obesity and abdominal shape of gastric cancer patients both influence the short-term surgical outcomes of subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2006

The CobraPLA during anesthesia with controlled ventilation: a clinical trial of efficacy.

The CobraPLA (CPLA) is a relatively new supraglottic airway device that has not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we performed a prospective observational study to evaluate the efficacy of the CPLA during controlled ventilation. In 50 anesthetized and paralyzed patients undergoing elective surgery a CPLA was inserted and inflated to an intracuff pressure of 60 cm H2O. The success rate of insertion upon the first attempt was 82% (41/50), with a mean insertion time of 16.3 +/- 4.5 seconds. The adequacy of ventilation was assessed by observing the end tidal CO2 waveform, movement of the chest wall, peak airway pressure (13.5 cm H2O), and leak fraction (4%). We documented the airway sealing pressure (22.5 cm H2O) and noted that the the site of gas leaks at that pressure were either at the neck (52%), the abdomen (46%), or both (2%). In 44 (88%) patients, the vocal cords were visible in the fiberoptic view through the CPLA. There was no gastric insufflation during the anesthesia. Respiratory and hemodynamic parameters remained stable during CPLA insertion. Postoperative blood staining of CPLA was minimal, occurring in 22% (11/50) of patients. Mild and moderate throat soreness was reported in 44% (22/50) and 4% (2/50) of patients, respectively. Lastly, mild dysphonia was observed in 6% (3/50) of patients and mild dysphagia in 10% (5/50) of patients. Our results indicated that the CPLA is both easy to place and allows adequate ventilation during controlled ventilation.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Does the tibial and sural nerve transection model represent sympathetically independent pain?

Neuropathic pain can be divided into sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) and sympathetically independent pain (SIP). Rats with tibial and sural nerve transection (TST) produce neuropathic pain behaviors, including spontaneous pain, tactile allodynia, and cold allodynia. The present study was undertaken to examine whether rats with TST would represent SMP- or SIP-dominant neuropathic pain by lumbar surgical sympathectomy. The TST model was generated by transecting the tibial and sural nerves, leaving the common peroneal nerve intact. Animals were divided into the sympathectomy group and the sham group. For the sympathectomy group, the sympathetic chain was removed bilaterally from L2 to L6 one week after nerve transection. The success of the sympathectomy was verified by measuring skin temperature on the hind paw and by infra red thermography. Tactile allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments, and cold allodynia was assessed using acetone drops. A majority of the rats exhibited withdrawal behaviors in response to tactile and cold stimulations after nerve stimulation. Neither tactile allodynia nor cold allodynia improved after successful sympathectomy, and there were no differences in the threshold of tactile and cold allodynia between the sympathectomy and sham groups. Tactile allodynia and cold allodynia in the neuropathic pain model of TST are not dependent on the sympathetic nervous system, and this model can be used to investigate SIP syndromes.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Critical role of methylglyoxal and AGE in mycobacteria-induced macrophage apoptosis and activation.

Apoptosis and activation of macrophages play an important role in the host response to mycobacterial infection involving TNF-alpha as a critical autocrine mediator. The underlying mechanisms are still ill-defined. Here, we demonstrate elevated levels of methylglyoxal (MG), a small and reactive molecule that is usually a physiological product of various metabolic pathways, and advanced glycation end products (AGE) during mycobacterial infection of macrophages, leading to apoptosis and activation of macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrate abundant AGE in pulmonary lesions of tuberculosis (TB) patients. Global gene expression profiling of MG-treated macrophages revealed a diverse spectrum of functions induced by MG, including apoptosis and immune response. Our results not only provide first evidence for the involvement of MG and AGE in TB, but also form a basis for novel intervention strategies against infectious diseases in which MG and AGE play critical roles.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Candidates for curative resection in advanced gastric cancer patients who had equivocal para-aortic lymph node metastasis on computed tomographic scan.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine how to select potential candidates for curative resection among advanced gastric patients with equivocal findings of para-aortic lymph node metastasis on computed tomography (CT). METHODS: We analyzed the clinicopathologic results of 23 advanced gastric cancer patients who were diagnosed as having equivocal findings of para-aortic lymph node metastasis on a CT scan and who underwent gastrectomy with D2 and para-aortic lymph node dissection. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were male, and one patient was female. The median age of all study subjects was 52 years (range, 31-75 years). Sixteen underwent total gastrectomy, and seven underwent subtotal gastrectomy. The median number of A2 (suprarenal) lymph nodes harvested was 2 (range, 1-5), and that of B1 (infrarenal) lymph nodes was 6 (range, 1-17). Ten (43.5%) of the 23 patients were proven pathologically to have metastasis to para-aortic lymph nodes. Two patients with cT2 cancer had no metastatic para-aortic lymph node, whereas three patients with cT4 disease had metastatic para-aortic lymph nodes (P = .021). Seven (70.0%) of 10 patients with pathologic para-aortic lymph node metastasis experienced recurrence, whereas only 2 (15.4%) of 13 patients without experienced recurrence (P = .008). The Lauren classification was found to be an independent predictor of para-aortic lymph node metastasis (relative risk; .13; 95% confidence interval, .02-.83; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of gastric cancer patients with equivocal findings of para-aortic lymph node metastasis on CT are potential candidates for curative resection. The Lauren classification of gastric cancer in patients with equivocal CT findings of para-aortic lymph node metastasis would be helpful when deciding on clinical stage and treatment plans in these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Gastric cancer patients at high-risk of having synchronous cancer.

AIM: To identify patients with a high-risk of having a synchronous cancer among gastric cancer patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the prospective gastric cancer database at the National Cancer Center, Korea from December 2000 to December 2004. The clinicopathological characteristics of patients with synchronous cancers and those of patients without synchronous cancers were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for the presence of a synchronous cancer in gastric cancer patients. RESULTS: 111 of 3291 gastric cancer patients (3.4%) registered in the database had a synchronous cancer. Among these 111 patients, 109 had a single synchronous cancer and 2 patients had two synchronous cancers. The most common form of synchronous cancer was colorectal cancer (42 patients, 37.2%) followed by lung cancer (21 patients, 18.6%). Multivariate analyses revealed that elderly patients with differentiated early gastric cancer have a higher probability of a synchronous cancer. CONCLUSION: Synchronous cancers in gastric cancer patients are not infrequent. The physicians should try to find synchronous cancers in gastric cancer patients, especially in the elderly with a differentiated early gastric cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Reliable amplification method for bacterial RNA.

DNA microarray technology has been increasingly applied for studies of clinical samples. Frequently, RNA probes from clinical samples are available in limited amounts. We describe a reliable amplification method for bacterial RNA. We verified this method on mycobacterial RNA applying mycobacterial genome-directed primers (mtGDPs). Glass slide-based oligoarrays were employed to assess the quality of the amplification method. We observed a relatively small bias in amplified RNA pool when compared to the unamplified one. Up to 1000-fold linear RNA amplification in a single amplification round was obtained. To our knowledge, this study describes the first amplification method for mycobacterial RNA.

Moloney murine leukemia virus↗

PubMed2006

Comparison of the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the presurgical detection of lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma compared with thin-section histopathologic results from systemic lymphadenectomy. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) Stage IB-IVA cervical carcinoma who underwent both MRI and PET/CT before lymphadenectomy were included in this study. Lymphadenectomy involved removing all visible lymph nodes in the surgical fields. To enable region-specific comparisons, paraaortic and pelvic lymph nodes were divided into seven regions: the paraaortic area, both common iliac areas, both external iliac areas, and both internal iliac/obturator areas. Histopathologic evaluation of lymph nodes was the diagnostic standard. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the accuracy of MRI and PET/CT for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes. A P value < or = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: With MRI, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in each lymph node group were 30.3% (10 of 33 lymph node groups), 92.6% (112 of 121 lymph node groups), and 72.7% (122 of 154 lymph node groups), respectively; with PET/CT, those rates were 57.6% (19 of 33 lymph node groups), 92.6% (112 of 121 lymph node groups), and 85.1% (131 of 154 lymph node groups), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI (P = 0.026) but that there were no statistical differences noted with regard to specificity (P = 1.000) or accuracy (P = 0.180). Power analysis demonstrated that a sample size of 685 lymph node groups (98 patients) would be necessary to demonstrate that PET/CT was more accurate than MRI (alpha = 0.05; beta = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in patients with nontraumatic femoral head osteonecrosis.

As endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has beneficial effects on skeletal, vascular, and thrombotic systems, the association between nontraumatic femoral head osteonecrosis (FHON) and eNOS gene polymorphisms was investigated in Korean patients with FHON. Genomic DNA from 103 patients with nontraumatic FHON (idiopathic in 50, steroid-induced in 29, and alcohol abuse in 24) and 103 control subjects matched for gender and age (3-year range) was analyzed for the 27-bp repeat polymorphism in intron 4 and Glu298Asp polymorphism in exon 7. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were compared between patients and control subjects. The frequency of 4a allele was significantly higher in total patients than control subjects [6.8% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.0345, odds ratio (OR) 2.931]. In subgroup analysis, the 4a allele significantly increased in patients with idiopathic FHON versus control subjects (9.0% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.0297, OR 3.976). The frequency of the 4a/b genotype in total patients (13.6% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.0302, OR 3.083) as well as patients with idiopathic FHON (18.0% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.0246, OR 4.302) was higher than control subjects. The distribution of Glu298Asp polymorphisms was not significantly different between patients and control subjects. Microstellate polymorphism in intron 4 of eNOS polymorphism was significantly associated with idiopathic FHON in Korean patients. Because 4a allele is associated with lower synthesis of eNOS, these results suggest that carrier state of 4a allele in intron 4 might be a genetic risk factor of FHON and could provide insight into the protective role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of FHON.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Use of a combination of computed tomography and endoscopy to assess the response to 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin and predict survival in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Response of metastatic sites on computed tomography (CT) has been used to assess response in metastatic gastric carcinoma (MGC); however, the role of endoscopy to evaluate the response of the primary gastric lesion is unclear. We undertook a prospective study to compare prognostic values of endoscopy-based response criteria with those of CT-based response criteria in MGC patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin. METHODS: MGC patients naïve to chemotherapy were treated with 5-FU (1000 mg/m(2), days 1-5) and cisplatin (60 mg/m(2), day 1) (FP) every 21 days. Response was assessed by CT [World Health Organization (WHO) criteria/Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)] every three cycles and/or endoscopy after the third cycle. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 26.2 months, 103 patients were assessed by CT and endoscopy. There was good concordance between the WHO and RECIST criteria (kappa = 0.91; P = 0.0001), but poor agreement between CT and endoscopic assessments (kappa = 0.17; P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, both CT (WHO/RECIST) (hazard ratio, 5.20; P < 0.0001) and endoscopic response (hazard ratio, 2.78; P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with survival. The combination of CT and endoscopy defined patients into four groups with distinct prognoses according to chemotherapy response: responders on both tests, responders on CT alone, responders on endoscopy alone, and nonresponders on both tests (hazard ratio, 1.00 versus 2.87 versus 5.35 versus 12.3; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of endoscopy together with CT provides a better prognostic tool than CT alone in MGC patients treated with FP.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Postbiopsy arterioportal fistula in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical significance in transarterial chemoembolization.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine, retrospectively, the frequency of postbiopsy arterioportal fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma and its significance in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma were referred for TACE. The control population comprised 161 patients referred during the same period who underwent TACE without biopsy. We determined that an arterioportal fistula was present by opacification of the portal vein during the arterial phase of angiography or by opacification with iodized oil during TACE. We considered hepatocellular carcinoma to be responsive to TACE when the sum of iodized oil retention in the tumor and a low-attenuation area on CT was greater than 50% of tumor size. We compared the frequency of arterioportal fistula and the rate of tumor response to TACE in both groups and also evaluated possible factors associated with postbiopsy arterioportal fistula, such as age, sex, Child-Pugh score, tumor size, average number of needle passes, average distance that the needle traversed normal liver before reaching the mass, and average interval between biopsy and TACE. RESULTS: Twenty-three (56.1%) of 41 patients in the biopsy group and 19 (11.8%) of 161 patients in the control group had an arterioportal fistula (p < 0.001). The rate of tumor response to TACE was 87.8% (36/41) in the biopsy group and 87.0% (140/161) in the control group (p = 0.5932). Of the possible related factors, only tumor size correlated negatively with the occurrence of arterioportal fistula. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous liver biopsy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients apparently increases the rate of arterioportal fistula but does not seem to affect the rate of tumor response to TACE.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗

PubMed2006

MRI for pretreatment lymph node staging in uterine cervical cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to assess the accuracy of MRI in detecting pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis from uterine cervical cancer using various imaging criteria. CONCLUSION: Although MRI analysis resulted in relatively low sensitivity, size and margin (spiculated or lobulated) were useful criteria for predicting lymph node metastasis from cervical cancer.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Phase II trial of low-dose paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel has shown promising activity in gastric cancer and has synergism with cisplatin. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of low-dose paclitaxel (145 mg/m(2)) plus cisplatin chemotherapy in metastatic or relapsed gastric cancer. METHODS: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic or relapsed gastric cancer were enrolled. Paclitaxel 145 mg/m(2) was administered intravenously over 3 h, followed by cisplatin 60 mg/m(2) on Day 1 every 3 weeks in the outpatient setting. RESULTS: Of 39 patients enrolled, 17 (44%) had partial responses. Twelve (31%) had stable disease and eight (21%) progressive disease. Two patients (5%) were not evaluable because of early drop-out. The median time to progression was 4.7 months and the median overall survival was 12.1 months. The most common hematologic toxicity was anemia (41%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia developed in 14 and 3%, respectively. The most common non-hematologic toxicities were peripheral neuropathy (43%) and emesis (43%). Grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities included emesis (11%), peripheral neuropathy (3%), diarrhea (3%) and hepatotoxicity (3%). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy was active and well-tolerated in chemotherapy-naïve gastric cancer patients. This regimen seems to have comparable efficacy to previously reported higher-dose paclitaxel plus cisplatin-containing regimens and fewer toxicities.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

Assessment of lymph node metastases using 18F-FDG PET in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with respect to lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with advanced gastric cancer, and to ascertain the factors that affect this accuracy. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with advanced gastric cancer, verified in all cases by endoscopic biopsy, were enrolled in this prospective study. We conducted FDG PET and other routine preoperative studies, including abdominal computed tomography (CT). Patients underwent either curative-intent gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy (n = 67) or exploratory laparotomy. The Japanese system for the classification of gastric cancer was used for LN assessment. RESULTS: FDG PET was able to detect primary lesions in 70 of the 73 cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of FDG PET for LN metastasis were 40%, 95%, 91% and 56%, respectively. Signet-ring cell carcinoma was associated with the lowest sensitivity (15%), whereas other cell types could be detected with moderate sensitivity (30-71%) and high specificity (93-100%). According to multiple logistic regression, the standardised uptake value for primary tumours was the only independent variable to be significantly related to sensitivity for LN metastasis (p = 0.02, odds ratio = 1.14). CT was superior to PET in terms of sensitivity (p < 0.0001), and PET was superior to CT in terms of specificity (p < 0.0001) and PPV (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: FDG PET exhibits good specificity for LN staging of gastric cancer, and FDG uptake in the primary tumour is significantly related to the accuracy of FDG PET. Despite some clear limitations, FDG PET proved useful in the LN staging of FDG-avid gastric cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

A biomimetically inspired, efficient synthesis of the South 7 hemisphere of cephalostatin 7.

Synthesis of the South 7 hemisphere of cephalostatin 7 is described applying a second-generation synthetic strategy, which retains all the existing carbons in hecogenin acetate 1. TFAT (trifluoroacetyl trifluoromethanesulfonate)-assisted E-ring opening yields the key D-ring cyclopentadiene. A facially selective [4 + 2] cycloaddition between a series of steroidal D-ring dienes and singlet oxygen was conformationally directed by the C21-Me stereochemistry of the side chain. Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of the terminal olefin provides (S)-C25-OH. An acid-catalyzed SN2' intramolecular alkylation of an acetal oxygen was followed by a one-pot sequence of beta-elimination and spiroketalization. The new route provides a practical 16-operation synthesis of the South 7 hemisphere (20% overall), as well as a model for construction of the crucial North 1 hemisphere.

Biomimetic Materials↗

PubMed2005

Submental intubation with reinforced tube for intubating laryngeal mask airway.

Submental endotracheal intubation is a simple and secure alternative to either nasoendotracheal intubation or a tracheostomy in the airway management of maxillofacial trauma. However, a submental endotracheal intubation is quite difficult to manage if adverse events such as a tube obstruction, accidental extubation, or a leaking cuff with the endotracheal tube in the submental route occur, which could endanger the patient. This paper describes the use of a LMA-FastrachTMETT in the submental endotracheal intubation of patients suffering from maxillofacial trauma. One of the patients was a 16-year-old male, and the other was a 19-year-old male. They were scheduled for an open reduction and internal fixation of the maxillofacial fracture including naso-orbital-ethmoidal (NOE) complex, and a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture. A submental intubation with a LMA-FastrachTMETT was performed in both cases, and the operation proceeded without any difficulties. These cases show that the use of the LMA- FastrachTMETT can improve the safety and efficacy of submental endotracheal intubation. This is because the LMA- FastrachTMETT has a freely detachable connector, and is flexible enough to keep the patency despite the acute angle of airway.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Usefulness of magnetic resonance volumetric evaluation in predicting response to preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable rectal cancer.

PURPOSE: We performed magnetic resonance (MR) volumetry before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for evaluating response to therapy in T3 and T4 rectal cancer. To investigate the utility of MR volumetry for predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, we compared results from MR volumetry before chemoradiation with those after chemoradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total 112 patients with T3 or T4 rectal cancer who successfully underwent MR volumetry and completed neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection for cure were identified. MR volumetries were performed before and after chemoradiation. We compared pre- and postchemoradiation tumor volume and % volume reduction rates of patients whose tumors were down-staged with those of patients that were not down-staged. The same analyses were also performed between those patients having a complete histologic regression and those with residual disease in the operative specimen. We assessed the difference of % volume reduction rate according to Dworak's rectal cancer regression grades. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients (50.9%) demonstrated a tumor down-staging after chemoradiation therapy. Both pre- and posttreatment MR tumor volumes were significantly less in patients whose tumors were down-staged than in patients that were not down-staged (p = 0.04, 0.031), and % volume reduction rates were significantly higher in patients whose tumors were down-staged (p = 0.024). Sixteen patients (14.3%) showed pathologically complete tumor regression. The differences of MR tumor volumes before and after chemoradiation and % volume reduction rates were not significantly different between patients having a complete histologic regression and those with residual disease (p = 0.688, 0.451, and 0.480). The differences of % volume reduction rates according to Dworak's grades were statistically significant (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The MR volumetric examinations before and after chemoradiation demonstrated the significant difference of tumor volume and % volume reduction rate between patients whose tumors were down-staged and those that were not down-staged. The volume reduction rates were significantly different among groups according to Dworak's grades. However, the MR volumetric evaluation could not identify any differences between those patients having a complete histologic regression and those with residual disease.

Adult↗