Biomedical subjects

Joseph Maytal

Publications and source records attributed to Joseph Maytal.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Emergency department admission of children with unprovoked seizure: recurrence within 24 hours.

Little is known about acute recurrence of seizures, and children with unprovoked seizure tend to be admitted for observation on the basis of the risk factors known for epilepsy. The purpose of this study is to define the clinical profile of pediatric seizure patients who are likely to be admitted and to analyze the incidence and the risk factors of acute recurrence of seizures in the admitted patients within 24 hours after admission. A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients who arrived to the Schneider Children's Hospital Emergency Department because of an unprovoked seizure who were not on antiepileptic medication. Fifty-nine percent of children who arrived to the emergency department were admitted. Emergency department physicians tend to admit children with younger age (P<0.01), multiple seizures (P<0.001), and children who were treated in the emergency department (P<0.001). Twenty percent of admitted patients had one or more seizures within 24 hours. Multiple seizures before the emergency department arrival was a significant risk factor for acute recurrence (33%, P<0.05). Based on our findings that 20% of admitted children had one or more seizures within 24 hours, we think it is justified to admit and observe the children with seizures who are not on antiepileptic medications if the follow-up cannot be ensured.

Brain↗

PubMed2005

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary diffusion tensor imaging study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore whether there are white matter (WM) abnormalities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using diffusion tensor imaging. Based upon the literature, we predicted decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) findings in the frontal and cerebellar regions. METHODS: Eighteen patients with ADHD and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers received DTI assessments. Fractional anisotropy maps of WM were compared between groups with a voxelwise analysis after intersubject registration to Talairach space. RESULTS: Children with ADHD had decreased FA in areas that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD: right premotor, right striatal, right cerebral peduncle, left middle cerebellar peduncle, left cerebellum, and left parieto-occipital areas. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data support the hypothesis that alterations in brain WM integrity in frontal and cerebellar regions occur in ADHD. The pattern of decreased FA might implicate the corticopontocerebellar circuit in the pathophysiology of ADHD.

Anisotropy↗

PubMed2003

External hydrocephalus: a probable cause for subdural hematoma in infancy.

Subdural hemorrhage is common in infancy, particularly in the first year of life. The most common cause is nonaccidental (child abuse), with accidental in second place. We present three healthy infants, ages 4, 5, and 7 months that, during an evaluation for macrocephaly, were found to have frontal subdural hematoma in association with prominent extracerebral cerebrospinal fluid spaces (external hydrocephalus). There was no history of trauma or risk factors for child abuse. Skull surveys and ophthalmologic examinations were normal. All infants were neurologically intact and achieved normal developmental milestones in one-year follow-up. We suggest that some infants with external hydrocephalus may be at risk for development of subdural hematoma with minimal or no trauma, most likely secondary to stretching of the bridging veins in the unusually widened subarachnoid spaces. Child abuse, although it should always be kept in mind and should be excluded, may not be the most common cause in this specific context.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2002

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: an uncommon presentation of a rare disease.

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is rare in children. The presenting symptoms are usually pain, either local or radicular, followed by progressive bilateral weakness, and sensory loss hours and even days later. In the absence of significant precipitating factors such as severe trauma or previously known coagulopathies the diagnosis is usually delayed, and it is not until the full picture of severe cord compression is developed, that MRI is done and the diagnosis is finally made. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of 10-year-old girl who presented with pain and pure brachial plexus radiculopathy as the only clinical manifestations of spinal epidural hematoma. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspicion can lead to the correct diagnosis even before the development of full cord compression and thus improve the overall prognosis.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗