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Jost B Jonas

Publications and source records attributed to Jost B Jonas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Shared Genetic Architecture between Myopia and Open-Angle Glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with high myopia have an increased prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We aim to clarify the possibly shared genetic architecture of myopia and OAG, in particular in high myopes with myopic macular degeneration (MMD), where OAG screening is highly challenging. DESIGN: Individual participant data meta-analysis of one-sample Mendelian randomization analyses and pleiotropic analysis under a composite null hypothesis. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 34 825 participants from 6 population-based cohort studies and 1 high myopia case-control study, including 708 OAG and 1953 high-myopia cases. METHODS: First, we calculated and validated genetic risk scores (GRSs) for OAG and myopia in each cohort. We subsequently meta-analyzed linear and logistic regression models for the association of a myopia GRS with OAG, intraocular pressure (IOP), and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), and the association of an OAG-GRS with high myopia, axial length, and spherical equivalent. We stratified the analysis of OAG in different stages of axial elongation, and in high myopes with or without MMD. Pleiotropic analysis under a composite null hypothesis was applied to genome-wide association study summary statistics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio (OR) of OAG and high myopia, and mean difference in IOP, VCDR, axial length, and spherical equivalent. RESULTS: One standard deviation (SD) increase in myopia GRS was associated with an OR (95% CI) of 1.18 (1.09, 1.28) for OAG, a beta (95% CI) of 0.04 (0.00, 0.08) mmHg in IOP, and of 0.005 (0.003, 0.007) in VCDR. The OAG-GRS was not significantly associated with high myopia compared to emmetropes, but a 1 SD increase was associated with a beta (95% CI) of 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) mm in axial length and of -0.05 (-0.10, -0.00) diopters in spherical equivalent. One SD increase in OAG-GRS had a substantially larger effect on OAG in high myopes with MMD, with an OR (95% CI) of 3.83 (1.89, 7.78) compared to 1.55 (1.24, 1.94) in emmetropes. Finally, we identified 95 independent pleiotropic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). CONCLUSIONS: There is strong evidence for pleiotropy between myopia and OAG. Further research into the biological mechanisms of the identified pleiotropic SNPs is needed. An OAG-GRS might help to clinically estimate OAG risk, in particular in individuals with MMD. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Axial length↗
PubMed2003

Ophthalmodynamometric assessment of the central retinal vein collapse pressure in eyes with retinal vein stasis or occlusion.

PURPOSE: Using a new Goldmann contact lens associated ophthalmodynamometric device, it was the purpose of the present study to determine the central retinal vein collapse pressure in eyes with retinal vein occlusions or retinal venous stasis. METHODS: The prospective clinical non-interventional comparative study included 19 patients with central retinal vein occlusion ( n=8), branch retinal vein occlusion (n=4), or retinal venous stasis (n=7) and 42 subjects of a control group. With topical anesthesia, a Goldmann contact lens fitted with a pressure sensor was put onto the cornea. Pressure was exerted on the globe by pressing the contact lens, and the pressure value at the time when the central retinal vein started pulsating was noted. RESULTS: Central retinal vein collapse pressure measured 103.6+/-25.4 arbitrary units (AU) in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion what was significantly higher than in the eyes with retinal venous stasis (58.1+/-37.5 AU; p=0.02) and the eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (43.8+/-25.5 AU; p=0.004). In the latter two groups, the measurements of the central retinal vein collapse pressure were significantly (p<0.001) higher than the measurements in the eyes of the control group (4.2+/-7.8 AU). CONCLUSION: As measured by a new ophthalmodynamometer with direct biomicroscopic visualization of the central retinal vessels during examination, central retinal vein collapse pressure is significantly higher in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion, followed by eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion, eyes with retinal venous stasis and, finally, normal eyes. These findings may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Sequential classification in glaucoma diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Large-scale screening in glaucoma diagnosis is expensive and time consuming. Sequential classification strategies can provide an effective combination of time-efficiency and diagnostic accuracy for glaucoma screening. METHODS: In a cross-sectional clinical study, a sequential diagnostic strategy, based on several psychophysical and electrophysiological tests, was evaluated on measurements from 595 eyes from 310 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, and 419 eyes from 213 control subjects (age range 18-70 years in each group). Patients and controls successively underwent up to five psychophysical and electrophysiological diagnostic tests. Optic disc morphometry was taken as gold standard. Adapting group sequential techniques, sensitivity and specificity for the whole diagnostic program were controlled, allotting overall error rates of 10%. The criteria for the diagnostic process were developed in a learning sample (677 eyes) and verified in a validation sample (337 eyes). RESULTS: In the validation sample, 62.0% of the examined eyes could be classified, using a sequential 15-min two-step program. An overall 13.6% "gain" of saved time, compared to non-sequential discriminant analysis, was achieved without loss of diagnostic accuracy. A sequential 45-min five-step program classified 68.8% of the whole sample before morphometry, saving approximately 39% of examination time, compared to taking the complete discriminant score. CONCLUSION: Especially in screening, where the use of time-consuming and complicated diagnostic procedures is restricted, the implementation of testing programs based on group sequential strategies might be a promising means of saving personnel resources and reducing inconvenience for patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Influence of arterial hypertension and diet-induced atherosclerosis on macular drusen.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether development of macular drusen is influenced by experimentally induced chronic arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. METHODS: The prospective experimental study included 93 eyes of 51 elderly rhesus monkeys. The total study group was divided into groups with experimental arterial hypertension ( n=22), diet-induced atherosclerosis ( n=10), or both arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis ( n=29) and a control group without arterial hypertension or atherosclerosis ( n=32). Using color wide-angle fundus photographs taken at the beginning and the end of the study, age-related macular degeneration was graded by counting the number and estimating the mean size of drusen in the macular region. RESULTS: In the monkeys with arterial hypertension, the count and area of the macular drusen and the change in number and size of macular drusen during the follow-up period were significantly ( P<0.05) higher than in the monkeys of the control group. Correspondingly, the count and size of macular drusen were significantly ( P<0.05) correlated with the duration of arterial hypertension. In contrast, monkeys with only atherosclerosis did not vary significantly ( P>0.10) from monkeys of the control group in number and size of drusen. The macular drusen parameters were statistically ( P>0.20) independent of the duration of atherosclerosis. Similarly, the atherosclerotic monkeys and the monkeys of the control group did not vary significantly ( P>0.30) in the change of the macular drusen parameters during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Development of macular drusen as part of age-related macular degeneration in rhesus monkeys may be associated with experimentally induced arterial hypertension. It does not seem to be influenced by diet-induced atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical outcome of patients undergoing intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment of long-standing cystoid macular edema after phacoemulsification. DESIGN: Prospective clinical interventional cases series studies. METHODS: The study included five patients suffering from cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. They received an intravitreal injection of 25-mg crystalline triamcinolone acetonide transconjunctivally with topical anesthesia. RESULTS: In the follow-up period of 6.6 +/- 4.1 months, visual acuity increased from 0.26 +/- 0.13 to a mean maximal visual acuity of 0.60 +/- 0.19. For all patients, visual acuity improved during the follow-up by at least 0.20. Two (40%) patients developed intraocular pressure values higher than 21 mm Hg, which could be controlled by topical antiglaucomatous treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may be a therapeutic option for long-standing cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Treatment of oedematous, proliferative and neovascular diseases by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide].

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may be a therapeutical possibility for treating of various intraocular neovascular, oedematous and proliferative diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: Gain in visual acuity was relatively highest for eyes with intraretinal oedematous diseases such as diffuse diabetic macular oedema and various types of cystoid macular oedema due to reasons such as retinal venous occlusions and uveitis. Intravitreal triamcinolone may be useful as angiostatic therapy in eyes with iris neovascularisation and proliferative ischaemic retinopathies. Possibly, intravitreal triamcinolone may be helpful for exudative age-related macular degeneration. In eyes with chronic therapy resistant ocular hypotony, intravitreal triamcinolone can induce an increase in intraocular pressure. The role of intravitreal triamcinolone as adjunctive treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy has not been determined so far. Complications of intravitreal triamcinolone include secondary ocular hypertension in about 50 % of the eyes injected, with one per cent of the eyes necessitating antiglaucomatous filtrating surgery; a cataractogenic effect; and postoperative infectious endophthalmitis. Long-term studies of more than 3 years follow-up have been missing so far, so that there is no reliable information on long-term complications. The injection can be combined with cataract surgery. Cataract surgery performed some months after the injection did not show a markedly elevated rate of complications. If vision increases after the intravitreal triamcinolone injection, the injection can be repeated. The duration of the effect of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone ranges between 2 and 9 months. Triamcinolone acetonide was detected in the aqueous humour nine months after an intravitreal injection of 25 mg. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide may offer a possibility for adjunctive treatment of intraocular oedematous, neovascular and proliferative diseases.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed2003

Optic disc morphometry correlated with confocal laser scanning Doppler flowmetry measurements in normal-pressure glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between morphologic optic disc parameters and hemodynamic parameters as measured by confocal laser scanning Doppler flowmetry in patients with normal-pressure glaucoma. METHODS: The study included 91 eyes of 54 patients with normal-pressure glaucoma (mean age: 57.7 +/- 9.8 years), and 136 eyes of 77 age-adjusted normal controls. Color stereo optic disc photographs were morphometrically examined, and confocal laser scanning flowmetry (Heidelberg Retinal Flowmeter) in the neuroretinal rim inside of the optic disc, and in the retina close to the temporal and nasal border of the optic nerve head was performed. RESULTS: Mean confocal laser scanning flowmetric measurements in the neuroretinal rim, temporal parapapillary retina, and nasal parapapillary retina were significantly (P<0.03) lower in the normal-pressure glaucoma group than in the age-adjusted control group. Correspondingly, mean confocal laser scanning flowmetric measurements within the neuroretinal rim decreased significantly, with relatively low correlation coefficients, decreasing neuroretinal rim area (P = 0.016; correlation coefficient r2 = 0.026), and increasing mean visual field defect (P = 0.011; r2 = 0.029). Measurements were statistically independent of alpha zone (P = 0.38; r2 = 0.004) and beta zone (P = 0.57; r2 = 0.002) of parapapillary atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Confocal laser scanning flowmetric measurements within the neuroretinal rim were lower in eyes with normal-pressure glaucoma than in age-matched normal eyes. Confocal laser scanning flowmetric measurements decrease with increasing glaucomatous optic nerve damage. There is, however, a marked variability preventing a clear relationship between stage of glaucoma and decrease in confocal laser scanning flowmetric measurements. The correlation between parapapillary atrophy and confocal laser scanning flowmetric measurements is not statistically significant in normal-pressure glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Ophthalmodynamometry in eyes with dilated episcleral veins.

PURPOSE: To determine the central retinal vessel collapse pressure in patients with dilated episcleral veins. METHODS: This clinical noninterventional comparative study included a study group of 10 eyes (6 patients) with dilated episcleral veins, and a control group consisting of 50 eyes of 40 patients with cataract or refractive problems. With topical anesthesia, a Goldmann contact lens fitted with a pressure sensor in its holding ring was placed onto the cornea. Pressure was asserted onto the globe by pressing the contact lens, and the pressure value at the time when the central retinal artery and vein started pulsating was noted as central retinal artery and vein collapse pressure. RESULTS: Central retinal vein collapse pressure was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the study group with dilated episcleral veins than in the control group (37.9 +/- 33.8 vs 5.1 +/- 8.4 relative units [RU]). In the central retinal artery, there was not significant difference in diastolic collapse pressure measured between the study and control groups (78.2 +/- 22.8 vs 74.2 +/- 18.8 RU, respectively; P = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: As measured by a new ophthalmodynamometer with biomicroscopic visualization of the central retinal vessels during the examination, the central retinal vein collapse pressure measurements were significantly higher in eyes with dilated episcleral veins than in control eyes. Ophthalmodynamometric estimation of the central retinal vein collapse pressure may be helpful in the assessment of patients with dilated episcleral veins.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A statistical model for the evaluation of sensory tests in glaucoma, depending on optic disc damage.

PURPOSE: To analyze the sensitivity of various sensory tests adjusted for glaucomatous optic disc damage. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the results of testing of 196 control subjects (age range, 18-69 years) and 308 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (age range, 18-70 years) were included. The perimetric mean defect (MD), a temporal contrast sensitivity test (TCS), a spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity test (STCS), the peak time of a blue-on-yellow visual evoked potential (BYVEP), and the amplitude of a pattern-reversal electroretinogram (PERG) were evaluated by a specific logistic regression model. This model included glaucomatous damage, quantified by neuroretinal rim area corrected for disc size, as a covariate of sensitivity. RESULTS: Sensitivity of diagnostic tests increased for all procedures with increasing loss of neuroretinal rim area. With progressing optic disc damage, MD and STCS showed higher sensitivity than did TCS. BYVEP showed a higher sensitivity than PERG in all disease stages. In general, the psychophysical tests were more sensitive than the electrophysiological ones. CONCLUSIONS: The specific model used in this study was an appropriate tool to analyze the sensitivity of several sensory glaucoma tests in relation to disease stage. Moreover, tests that were more sensitive in early disease stages (TCS) and others that were more sensitive in more advanced stages (MD, STCS) were identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Influence of cilioretinal arteries on neuroretinal rim and parapapillary atrophy in glaucoma.

PURPOSE: The pattern of neuroretinal rim loss and increase in the area of parapapillary atrophy in glaucoma depend on the localization of the central retinal vessel trunk in the lamina cribrosa. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether, in a similar way, the pattern of rim loss and progression of parapapillary atrophy are influenced by the presence and position of cilioretinal arteries. METHODS: Color stereo optic disc photographs (15 degrees) for morphometric evaluation of the optic nerve head were used to compare the appearance of the optic disc in 41 patients exhibiting unilateral or bilateral cilioretinal arteries in the temporal horizontal disc region with the optic disc morphology of 127 patients without cilioretinal arteries. The areas of the neuroretinal rim and alpha and beta zones of parapapillary atrophy were measured in the total disc and in four disc sectors. RESULTS: Eyes with and eyes without cilioretinal arteries did not differ significantly in the areas of neuroretinal rim and alpha and beta zones of parapapillary atrophy, when measured in the whole optic disc and in the four disc sectors separately; in ratios of the temporal horizontal area to total area of rim and parapapillary atrophy; and in the ratio of temporal horizontal rim area-to-nasal rim area, neither in an interindividual comparison nor in an intraindividual intereye comparison. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the position of the central retinal vessel trunk, presence and position of cilioretinal arteries do not markedly influence the pattern of neuroretinal rim loss and progression of parapapillary atrophy in glaucoma.

Chronic Disease↗