Biomedical subjects

Joungho Han

Publications and source records attributed to Joungho Han.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst: CT and pathologic findings in five adult patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to describe the CT and pathologic findings of intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts in five adult patients. CONCLUSION: Intrapulmonary bronchogenic cysts in adults appear on CT as well-defined ovoid lesions with the attenuation of soft tissue or water, similar to their mediastinal counterparts. Associated with these cysts are areas of mosaic low attenuation and bandlike linear attenuation representing histopathologically confirmed emphysema and bronchiolization or fibrotic change or both in the surrounding lung.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: clinicopathologic review of a series of 45 Korean patients including rapidly progressive form.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a clinicopathological syndrome associated with a variety of disease entities. The aim of this study was to review cases with initial diagnosis of BOOP applying uniform histopathologic criteria, and analyze the clinical characteristics of proven cases of BOOP including rapidly progressive form. A total of 81 cases, initially diagnosed as BOOP and with available tissue sections, was collected. Thirty six cases (44.4%) were excluded from the study, more than two thirds of which were given a revised diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis other than BOOP. Thirty one patients were classified as idiopathic BOOP, 8 patients as secondary BOOP, and 6 patients as rapidly progressive BOOP. Open lung biopsy specimen from all six cases with lethal outcome showed more severe interstitial inflammation and septal fibrosis and/or alveolar exudate with a varying degree than those with good prognosis. There was no difference by the sexes. The two most frequent presenting symptoms were cough and dyspnea. Bilateral multifocal consolidation was a common radiological finding. More than 70% cases of idiopathic BOOP experienced clinical improvements. The diagnosis of BOOP is usually suggested by clinicoradiologic findings, but needs to be confirmed histopathologically, preferably through surgical open or video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A Peptide with anti-transglutaminase activity decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in mice.

Octapeptide R2 (KVLDGQDP), which has anti-transglutaminas (TGase) activity, decreases inflammation in allergic conjunctivitis model in guinea pigs. The authors examined the effect of R2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in BALB/c mice. R2 inhalation significantly decreased neutrophil count and cytokine mRNA expression in the lungs of LPS (25 mg/kg)-treated mice (P < .05). It also showed a tendency for decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-immunoreactive protein in lung homogenates and significantly decreased TNF-alpha-immunoreactive protein in the serum of LPS-injected mice (P < .05). These results indicate that TGase may be a new therapeutic target in LPS-induced lung inflammation.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Benign bronchopulmonary tumors: radiologic and pathologic findings.

According to the new World Health Organization classification, benign bronchopulmonary tumors can be classified into epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and tumor-like conditions. Imaging findings of benign tumors of large airways are nonspecific and overlapping. Some benign pulmonary tumors show characteristic imaging findings. On CT, bronchioloalveolar adenomas appear as a small nodular area of ground-glass opacity. Metastasizing leiomyomas are seen as well-circumscribed solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Pulmonary hamartomas or lipomas are recognized specifically when fat deposits of CT number in the -80 HU to -120 HU range are identified. Enhancement of tumor with administration of contrast medium with or without foci of calcification may be seen in sclerosing hemangiomas and hemangiopericytomas. Awareness of the various imaging findings of these tumors can help narrow down the differential diagnosis on daily practice among the long lists of bronchopulmonary tumors.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Amyloidosis and lymphoproliferative disease in Sjögren syndrome: thin-section computed tomography findings and histopathologic comparisons.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the thin-section computed tomography (CT) findings of Sjogren syndrome accompanying pulmonary amyloidosis and lymphoproliferative disease and to compare these with histopathologic findings. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The thin-section CT findings of 5 women (age range: 42-59 years, mean age=50 years) with primary Sjogren syndrome accompanying pulmonary amyloidosis and lymphoproliferative disease were reviewed retrospectively by 2 chest radiologists, and decisions on findings were reached by consensus. The pathologic specimens of parenchymal lesions (nodules, dense consolidation, and cystic lesion at CT) obtained using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were studied to compare with the thin-section CT findings. RESULTS: Nodules, observed in all 5 patients, were variable in size and ranged from 3 to 24 mm (mean=9.9 mm) in diameter, with lobulated or irregular margins. Nodular calcifications were present in 3 patients. Cysts, which also were observed in all patients, ranged from 4 to 45 mm (mean=18.6 mm) in diameter, with a thin (1-2 mm) or no visible wall. Multiple cysts were observed, especially in the distal portion of narrowed bronchioles. Nodules and cysts showed a random distribution. Mild bronchial wall thickening with bronchial dilatation was seen in all patients, ground-glass opacities were seen in 3, and consolidation was seen in 1. Nodules, consolidation, and bronchial wall thickening at CT were caused histopathologically by the interstitial and peribronchiolar deposition of mixed amyloid and lymphoproliferative cells. Cysts lined with respiratory epithelium contained amyloid deposition and lymphoproliferative cells in their walls. CONCLUSION: Sjogren syndrome accompanying pulmonary amyloidosis and lymphoproliferative disease manifests as multiple, large, thin-walled cysts; multiple nodules; parenchymal opacity; and bronchiectasis. These findings are caused by the interstitial or peribronchial infiltration of mixed amyloid and lymphoproliferative cells.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor (inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor): CT features with pathologic correlation.

The objective of this study was to assess the CT features of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors with pathologic correlation. The authors retrospectively reviewed CT and pathologic findings of 10 patients with surgically resected inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung. On CT, five patients showed a polypoid endotracheal (n = 3) or endobronchial nodule in the left main bronchus (n = 2). Two patients showed a central parenchymal mass, and the remaining three patients showed a peripheral pulmonary nodule. All tumors had well defined margins and were round to ovoid; they ranged in diameter from 13 to 52 mm and showed varying degrees of contrast enhancement (range 13-89 H). On histopathologic examination, the two central parenchymal masses involving segmental bronchi were also mainly endobronchial in location. The three peripheral pulmonary nodules also showed a peribronchiolar location, with a bronchial mucosal lining spared in part. The authors conclude that pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are closely related to the airway.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

T1 non-small cell lung cancer: imaging and histopathologic findings and their prognostic implications.

About 5% of T1 non-small cell lung cancers (ie, lung cancers less than 3 cm in diameter), mostly focal nodular bronchioloalveolar carcinomas and carcinoid tumors, demonstrate no uptake at fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and appear to be indolent in growth; consequently, they are associated with long-term patient survival. About 21% of T1 lung cancers show mediastinal nodal metastasis at the time of diagnosis and about 24% show extrathoracic metastasis, mostly brain metastasis, either at the time of diagnosis or at 1-year follow-up. T1 lung cancers with a large ground-glass attenuation component (50% of tumor volume) at thin-section computed tomography (CT) have a good prognosis with less likelihood of mediastinal nodal or extrathoracic metastasis. On the other hand, solid cancer lesions, especially those with a spiculated margin or with bronchovascular bundle thickening in the surrounding lung, more frequently demonstrate local vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, and extrathoracic metastasis. In these tumors, work-up for extrathoracic metastases (including whole-body FDG PET or brain magnetic resonance imaging and mediastinoscopy for mediastinal nodes) may be needed, even when CT demonstrates no enlarged nodes in the mediastinum.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings.

Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung arise from Kulchitzky cells of the bronchial mucosa and comprise typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). At histopathologic analysis, these tumors demonstrate a progressive increase in the number of mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields of viable tumor and in the extent of necrosis, with typical carcinoid having the lowest values and SCLC having the highest. Typical carcinoid is less aggressive than atypical carcinoid, although these tumors have similar gross pathologic and radiologic features; LCNEC has a prognosis between that of atypical carcinoid and that of SCLC. SCLC is the most aggressive pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor and has the most specific imaging feature: mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. At CT, carcinoid tumors appear as a spherical or ovoid nodule or mass with a well-defined and slightly lobulated border. When nonspherical, the tumor is elongated with its long axis parallel to adjacent bronchi. Calcification or ossification is seen in up to 30% of cases. The CT findings of LCNEC are nonspecific and are similar to those of other non-small cell lung cancers. Although there are some overlapping features between these tumors, integration of the clinical and imaging features may be helpful in differentiation of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumoconiosis: comparison of imaging and pathologic findings.

Pneumoconiosis may be classified as either fibrotic or nonfibrotic, according to the presence or absence of fibrosis. Silicosis, coal worker pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, berylliosis, and talcosis are examples of fibrotic pneumoconiosis. Siderosis, stannosis, and baritosis are nonfibrotic forms of pneumoconiosis that result from inhalation of iron oxide, tin oxide, and barium sulfate particles, respectively. In an individual who has a history of exposure to silica or coal dust, a finding of nodular or reticulonodular lesions at chest radiography or small nodules with a perilymphatic distribution at thin-section computed tomography (CT), with or without eggshell calcifications, is suggestive of silicosis or coal worker pneumoconiosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for distinguishing between progressive massive fibrosis and lung cancer. CT and histopathologic findings in asbestosis are similar to those in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but the presence of asbestos bodies in histopathologic specimens is specific for the diagnosis of asbestosis. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia due to exposure to hard metals is classified as a fibrotic form of pneumoconiosis and appears on CT images as mixed ground-glass opacities and reticulation. Berylliosis simulates pulmonary sarcoidosis on CT images. CT findings in talcosis include small centrilobular and subpleural nodules or heterogeneous conglomerate masses that contain foci of high attenuation indicating talc deposition. Siderosis is nonfibrotic and is indicated by a CT finding of poorly defined centrilobular nodules or ground-glass opacities.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. Features distinguishing it from oligodendroglioma on cytologic squash preparations.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of intraoperative cytologic preparations from dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNTs). STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed squash preparations from 17 DNTs and compared them to those from 12 oligodendrogliomas and the histology of frozen sections from the same tumors. RESULTS: The floating neurons and extracellular mucin typical of DNT were more easily demonstrated in cytologic preparations than in frozen sections. Cytologically, oligodendroglialike cells of DNT were distinguished from oligodendrogliomas by larger nuclei with frequent nuclear indentation and multiple, small nucleoli, while oligodendrogliomas consistently showed nuclear roundness of tumor cells with 1 or 2 occasional nuclei. The presence of eosinophilic granular bodies in the background was an ancillary sign of DNT. CONCLUSION: The cytologic features of squash preparations of DNT are fairly characteristic and reliable for the correct intraoperative diagnosis of DNT, helping to determine the appropriate neurosurgical procedure.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary giant cell tumor of soft tissue. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytologic and histologic findings.

BACKGROUND: So-called primary giant cell tumor of soft tissue of low malignant potential is the rare soft tissue analogue of giant cell tumor of bone, occurring primarily in superficial soft tissue. To our knowledge, the cytologic findings in bulky giant cell tumor of deep soft tissue were described only once, and no further report on the subcutaneous giant cell tumor could be retrieved from the literature. CASE: A 58-year-old woman presented with a well-demarcated, 1.5-cm-diameter dermal tumor. Fine needle aspiration smears contained numerous osteoclastlike giant cells and mononuclear cells showing bland and vesicular nuclei. A small fragment of branching vasculature and 1 mitosis were found. Those cytologic findings were enough to suggest a diagnosis of giant cell tumor of soft tissue, confirmed as a deep dermal giant cell on surgical resection. CONCLUSION: Primary giant cell tumor of soft tissue of low malignant potential should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bland-looking giant cell-rich lesions. Awareness of its existence and knowledge of its cytologic features are important for a correct preoperative cytologic diagnosis.

Ankle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thymic epithelial tumors classified according to a newly established WHO scheme: CT and MR findings.

Thymic epithelial tumor is a distinctive pathologic entity exhibiting variable histologic features and heterogeneous oncologic behavior. Among the various classification systems, that of the World Health Organization has been adopted because of good correlation between histologic appearance and oncologic behavior. Radiologically, a smooth contour and round shape are most suggestive of a type-A tumor, whereas an irregular contour most strongly suggests type C. Pleural seeding is rare in type-A and AB tumors; calcification is suggestive of type B. Type-C tumors are significantly larger and more commonly associated with lymphadenopathy than type B3. At T2-weighted MR imaging, lobular internal architecture is more prominent in types B1, B2, and B3 tumors than in others. However, imaging findings among the various types overlap to some extent, and the ability of imaging studies to differentiate types AB, B1, B2, and B3 is limited.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Usual interstitial pneumonia and non-specific interstitial pneumonia: serial thin-section CT findings correlated with pulmonary function.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to demonstrate and compare the serial high-resolution CTs (HRCT) and the pulmonary function test (PFT) findings of the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and the non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The serial HRCT scans and the PFT results were retrospectively analysed and compared for 35 patients having UIP without significant honeycombing (UIP-w/o hc, < 5% of honeycombing at CT), 35 patients having UIP with honeycombing (UIP-w/i hc, > or = 5% of honeycombing), and 25 patients with NSIP. The mortality rates were also compared. Follow-up CT scans were available in 75 patients (29 UIP-w/o hc patients, 22 UIP-w/i hc patients and 24 NSIP patients) and the follow-up periods ranged from 150 to 2,370 days. The initial and follow-up PFT data were available for 71 patients. RESULTS: On the initial CT, significant differences were present between the UIP-w/i hc patients and both the UIP-w/o hc patients and the NSIP patients in the overall extent, ground-glass opacity (GGO) away from the reticulation, reticulation and honeycombing (all p < 0.05). Improvement was noticed in five (17%) of 29 UIP-w/o hc patients, none of 22 UIP-w/i hc patients, and 9 (37%) of 24 NSIP patients; deterioration was noted in six (21%) UIP-w/o hc patients, two (9%) UIPw/i hc patients and three (13%) NSIP patients (p = 0.044 between UIP-w/o and UIP-w/i hc; p = 0.637 between UIP-w/o hc and NSIP; p = 0.007 between UIP-w/i hc and NSIP). The serial changes of the pulmonary function in the NSIP patients were different from those noted for the UIP-w/i hc and UIP-w/o hc patients (p = 0.440 between UIP-w/o and UIP-w/i hc; p = 0.022 between UIP-w/o hc and NSIP; p = 0.003 between UIP-w/i hc and NSIP). Five (14%) of the 35 patients with UIPw/o hc, 16 (46%) of the 35 patients with UIP-w/i hc and three (12%) of the 25 patients with NSIP died (p = 0.002, comparison for the three groups). CONCLUSION: On CT, NSIP and UIP-w/o hc patients have similar patterns of parenchymal abnormalities and a similar likelihood of change in the extent of disease on follow-up. Patients with UIP-w/i hc have distinctive features and a worst prognosis.

Aged↗