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Biomedical subjects

Jukka Häkkinen

Publications and source records attributed to Jukka Häkkinen.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Bidirectional relationship between depression and erectile dysfunction.

PURPOSE: We specified the interrelationship between depressive mood and erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The target population consisted of men who were 50, 60 or 70 years old and residing in the study area in Finland in 1994. Questionnaires were mailed to 3,143 men in 1994 and to 2,837 men 5 years later. The followup sample consisted of 1,683 men who responded to the baseline and followup questionnaires. RESULTS: Erectile dysfunction was strongly associated with untreated and treated depressive symptoms. The prevalence OR adjusted for potential confounders was 2.6 (95% CI 1.8-3.8) for untreated and 3.3 (95% CI 1.6-7.1) for treated depressive symptoms at the beginning of followup. The incidence of erectile dysfunction was 59/1,000 person-years (95% CI 39-90) in men with depressive mood and 37/1,000 person-years (95% CI 32-43) in those free of the disorder. Compared with men free of depressive symptoms who did not use medication for psychological disorders at study entry the adjusted incidence density ratio of erectile dysfunction was 4.5 (95% CI 2.2-9.2) in men with treated depressive symptoms and 1.2 (0.7-2.1) in those with untreated depressive symptoms. The incidence of depressive mood was 20/1,000 person-years in men with erectile dysfunction and 11/1,000 person-years in those free of erectile dysfunction. The adjusted incidence density ratio of depressive mood was 1.9 (95% CI 1.1-3.3) in men with erectile dysfunction compared with those free of it at entry. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate or severe depressive mood or antidepressant medication use may cause erectile dysfunction and erectile dysfunction independently may cause or exacerbate depressive mood.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Smoking causes erectile dysfunction through vascular disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether smoking either directly or through vascular disease causes erectile dysfunction (ED) and to determine whether ED is an early marker of vascular disease in smokers. METHODS: The target population consisted of all men 50, 60, or 70 years old who resided in the study areas in Finland in 1994. Questionnaires were mailed to 3143 men in 1994, to 2837 men in 1999, and to 2510 men in 2004. A total of 1368 men (55% of those alive) responded to the three surveys. RESULTS: Men who smoked in 1994 and developed a vascular disease during 1994 to 1999 had a three times (adjusted incidence density ratio [IDR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 7.5) greater risk of ED during 1999 to 2004 compared with those who had never smoked who did not develop vascular disease. In contrast, smokers without episodes of vascular disease were not at an increased risk of ED (adjusted IDR 1.0, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.8). Among men who were exsmokers and had ED in 1994, the incidence of vascular disease was greater than among those who had never smoked who were free of ED at entry (IDR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2). No greater risk of vascular disease owing to ED was found in smokers (IDR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.0) or those who had never smoked (IDR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.9) at entry. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have shown that smoking may cause ED because it can cause vascular disease, and ED may be a marker of silent vascular disease in exsmokers.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Association between the bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: The target population comprised all men born in 1924, 1934, or 1944 and residing in Tampere or 11 surrounding municipalities in Finland in 1999. A questionnaire was sent in May 1999 to 2,864 men, and 2,133 (75%) responded. Of them, 417 were excluded because of missing data on erectile function, or because they had prostate cancer or radical prostatectomy, leaving a total of 1,716 (60%) qualified respondents. LUTS was assessed by the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score, and ED by a short form of the International Index of Erectile Function. Logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ED were 2.6 (95% CI 1.3-5.2) for men with LUTS total scores of 11-19 compared with men without LUTS and were not bothered by them, and 4.4 (2.1-8.9) for those with scores 20 or more. Bother scores 1-3 and 4-6 were significantly associated with ED (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6 and 2.1, 1.4-3.4, respectively), while similar symptoms scores were not. Adjusted ORs of ED was 4.1 (2.0-8.2) for men with a symptoms score of 10 or more compared with those free from symptoms, and same (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.7-6.7) for men with similar bother score. Among symptoms, nocturia (adjusted OR 1.5), weak stream (OR 1.5), stress incontinence (OR 2.1), and overflow incontinence (OR 1.8) were significantly associated with ED, whereas among bother, only overflow incontinence (OR 2.2) was significantly correlated with ED. CONCLUSIONS: ED is a common problem in men with LUTS and is strongly associated with both the severity of symptoms and their bothersomeness. However, bother of mild LUTS affects ED more than the mild symptoms, emphasizing the potential of psychological mechanisms of ED.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Visual completion of three-dimensional, chromatic, moving stimuli in humans.

We studied whether visual completion can be produced within three-dimensional (3-D), moving, chromatic objects. Rotating thin and thick discs with red sectors, forming the corners of Kanizsa triangle, were presented on a display. Observers also rotated a hand-held real thin Kanizsa triangle. An illusory, moving contour encompassing an illusory colourful triangle was generally observed. This indicates that the visual system is capable of filling in complex (3-D, moving, chromatic) percepts.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Effects of age, comorbidity and lifestyle factors on erectile function: Tampere Ageing Male Urological Study (TAMUS).

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the effects of sociodemographic, medical and lifestyle factors on erectile function in a population-based sample of 50- to 75-year-old Finnish men. METHODS: The target population consisted of all non-institutionalized men aged 50, 60 or 70 years residing in the study area in 1994. The questionnaire was mailed to 3143 men in 1994 and 2198 (70%) responded. A repeat survey was carried out in 1999 with questionnaires mailed to 2864 men in the baseline sample, who were still alive, and 2133 (75%) responded. Erectile function was assessed by two questions on the subject's ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse and function was classified into none, minimal, moderate or complete erectile dysfunction (ED) for analysis with scores 0-3 respectively. RESULTS: The mean ED score increased markedly with age. It increased from 0.82 for men aged 50 years to 1.85 for those aged 75. After controlling for the effects of sociodemographic, medical and lifestyle factors, the mean ED score increased by 1.1% (95%CI 1.0-1.3) per year of age. Mean ED score increased most slowly between the ages of 50 and 55 years (regression coefficients (r)=0.02 or 0.6% for one year increments, p=0.89) and most rapidly between 60 and 70 years (r=0.06 or 1.8%, p<0.001). In addition to age, diabetes (r=17.5%), heart disease (r=6.5%), hypertension (r=5.1%), cerebrovascular disease (5.8%) and smoking (4.6%) were associated with an increased risk of ED. CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction increases markedly with age, especially after the age of 60 years. Smokers and men with diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease are at increased risk.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Changes in prevalence of urinary symptoms in Finnish men--a population-based 5-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in the prevalence and severity of urinary symptoms and the degree of interference they cause in the daily life of the Finnish male population by means of a 5-year follow-up study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A postal survey of a stratified random population sample of elderly men in Pirkanmaa County was carried out in 1994 and 1999. A total of 3143 men in 1994 and 2837 in 1999 received the questionnaire; 2198 (70%) and 2133 (75%) responded, respectively. The questionnaire included items on sociodemographic status, overall health and diseases, urinary symptoms (Danish Prostatic Symptom Score), sexual function and bothersomeness of symptoms. Data from those individuals who responded adequately to both inquiries were analysed. RESULTS: The most prevalent urinary symptoms were post-micturition dribble (64%), nocturia (62%), hesitancy (50%) and incomplete emptying (46%). At the 5-year follow-up, the prevalences of hesitancy, incomplete emptying, nocturia, urge incontinence and stress incontinence had increased statistically significantly. Subjects who had been symptomatic at baseline reported no change in 46-77% of cases, deterioration in 2-19% and improvement in 16-52%. The degree of interference in daily activities due to urinary symptoms increased significantly during follow-up. The mean interference index increased from 2.3 to 4.4. CONCLUSION: Although urinary symptoms in elderly males are particularly common and their prevalence increases with age, they are mostly mild and also have a marked tendency to improve with time. The total burden of urinary symptoms nonetheless increases with age in the elderly male population.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Effect of chronic diseases on incidence of erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a population-based sample during 5 years' follow-up and determine how the rate was affected by age and medical conditions. METHODS: The target population comprised all men aged 50, 60, or 70 years residing in the study area at the time the study began. Questionnaires were mailed to 3143 men in 1994 and to 2864 men in 1999. The follow-up sample consisted of the 1442 men who responded to both the baseline and the follow-up questionnaires. ED was assessed by two questions concerning the subject's ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse. We estimated the incidence of minimal ED among the 391 men free of ED, of moderate ED in the 1130 with no or minimal ED, and of complete ED among the 1323 men free of complete ED at baseline. RESULTS: The incidence of minimal ED was 127 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 110 to 148). For moderate ED, it was 41 (95% confidence interval 36 to 47) and for complete ED, it was 18 (95% confidence interval 15 to 22). The incidence of minimal ED increased 40% and moderate ED 80% with each decade increment in age; the incidence of complete ED increased 190%. The incidence of ED was increased in men with diabetes (rate ratio 2.4 for minimal, 2.6 for moderate, and 3.4 for complete ED). Hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular disease had little or no effect on the incidence of ED. CONCLUSIONS: ED is a commonly occurring disorder that increases in incidence strongly between 50 and 75 years of age. Diabetes is a major determinant of ED, but hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, and cerebrovascular disease increase the incidence of ED only marginally.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence and severity of erectile dysfunction in 50 to 75-year-old Finnish men.

PURPOSE: We estimated the prevalence and severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a population based sample of 50 to 75-year-old Finnish men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The target population consisted of all noninstitutionalized men 50, 60 or 70 years old residing in the study area in 1994. Questionnaires were mailed to 3,143 men in 1994 and to 2,864 men 5 years later. ED was assessed by 2 questions on subject ability to achieve and maintain erection sufficient for intercourse. Subjects were classified for analysis into none, minimal, moderate and complete ED groups. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of ED was 76.5%. The prevalence of ED increased from 67% for men 50 years old to 89% for those 75 years old. The prevalence of moderate and complete ED was 29%, increasing rapidly with age from 12% for age 50 years to 58% at age 75 years. Moderate ED increased by 8%, whereas complete ED increased by 18% for each 1-year age increment. CONCLUSIONS: ED is a highly prevalent disorder in 50 to 75-year-old men. It increases with age and is markedly higher after age 60 years. The prevalence of moderate ED increases linearly and slowly, while that of complete ED increases exponentially and rapidly with advancing age.

Age Factors↗