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Biomedical subjects

Julie Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to Julie Solomon.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Adapting efficacious interventions: advancing translational research in HIV prevention.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has infected approximately 1.5 million people in the United States. Type 1 translation research (basic research, methods development, and efficacy trials) has yielded multiple efficacious behavioral HIV prevention programs. Type 2 translation research (dissemination and effectiveness studies) has been less prevalent or successful. Adaptation of efficacious interventions for culturally diverse populations has received increasing researcher attention, and empirical validation of adaptation procedures promises to help bridge the gap between Type 1 and Type 2 studies. In this article, the authors briefly discuss the development, testing, and dissemination of efficacious HIV prevention programs and then focus on research-based principles and processes that can guide researchers'adaptation efforts and steps that researchers can take to help empower practitioners to conduct science-based adaptation. Greater collaboration between researchers and service providers to test adaptation frameworks promises to benefit both research and practice.

Behavioral Research↗
PubMed2005

Nutritional status and serum cytokine profiles in children, adolescents, and young adults with Schistosoma japonicum-associated hepatic fibrosis, in Leyte, Philippines.

In a cross-sectional study of 641 Schistosoma japonicum-infected individuals in Leyte, Philippines, who were 7-30 years old, we determined the grade of hepatic fibrosis (HF) by ultrasound and used anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin levels to assess nutritional status. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10; tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha; soluble TNF- alpha receptor I; and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured to examine the association between these markers of inflammation and HF grade. HF was present in 8.9% of the cohort; the majority of cases were mild (grade I), and severe (grade II or grade III) cases occurred only in male individuals. Compared with individuals without HF, those with severe HF--and, to a lesser degree, those with mild HF--had a significantly lower body-mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score, a higher prevalence of anemia, and a higher level of CRP and were more likely to produce IL-6; furthermore, those with severe HF had a significantly higher level of IL-1, compared with those either without HF or with mild HF. These findings suggest that even mild HF is associated with nutritional morbidity and underscore the importance of early recognition and treatment. In addition, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that, by systemically increasing the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6, HF causes undernutrition and anemia.

Adolescent↗