Personality disorders in rapists and murderers from a maximum security prison in Brazil.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Julio Arboleda-Florez
Publications and source records attributed to Julio Arboleda-Florez.
Twelve-month psychiatric disorder among single and married mothers: the role of marital history.
OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between single and married mothers in the 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders. METHODS: The analysis uses data from the National Comorbidity Survey, collected in 1992-1993, and focuses on women aged 15 to 55 years with children (n=1346). Psychiatric disorders are assessed with the University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview, a survey instrument based on DSM-III-R criteria. RESULTS: Compared with married mothers, previously married mothers have elevated rates of disorders. Prevalences among single mothers who were never married are similar to those among married mothers, but they are generally lower than prevalences among mothers who experience a marital disruption. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that marital separation and divorce may be markers for elevated risk for psychiatric disorder among women with children. It is important to consider the impact of marital history on the relation between family structure and psychiatric outcomes.
Adolescent↗
Attitudes about schizophrenia from the pilot site of the WPA worldwide campaign against the stigma of schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND: A series of surveys were conducted to assess the attitudes of the public, and other groups, toward those with schizophrenia. The aim of these surveys was to aid in the planning and evaluation of the WPA anti-stigma initiative in Alberta, Canada. METHOD: A questionnaire was devised and administered via telephone to over 1,200 individuals in three Alberta cities, and in paper and pencil format to 40 members of the Schizophrenia Society of Alberta and 67 medical students. RESULTS: In contrast to some earlier findings, "loss of mind" was rated to be more disabling than any other handicapping condition. In general, respondents showed a relatively sophisticated understanding of schizophrenia and a higher level of acceptance than might have been predicted. Nonetheless, this acceptance was not as high for situations where closer personal contact was likely, and fears of dangerousness continue to be associated with schizophrenia. The majority of respondents, however, felt that treatment aided those with schizophrenia, expressed support for progressive programmes for the mentally ill, and stated that they would be willing to pay higher taxes so that programming could be improved. CONCLUSIONS: The results do not support the utility of a broad approach for an anti-stigma campaign, but rather suggest a more specific focus, such as perceived dangerousness.
Adolescent↗
Administrative restructuring of a residency training program for improved efficiency and output.
OBJECTIVES: Canadian residency training programs (RTP) have a program director (PD) and a residency program committee (RPC) overseeing program administration. Limited guidance is available about the ideal administrative structure of an RTP. This article describes administrative load in Canadian RTPs, presents a novel approach to delegating core administrative tasks within the RTP, and provides initial impressions of positive outcomes following implementation of this new system. METHOD: All PDs of Canadian psychiatry RTPs were surveyed with respect to their program administrative structure, involvement of their training committees, and the percentage of work done by the PD compared to the rest of the RPC. At Queen's University, program domains were created representing well-defined areas within the RTP, each being assigned a program domain manager. RESULTS: RPCs were mainly consultative, averaging 14 members. The average PD: RPC workload ratio was 80:20. Three programs allowed for 50% of the program director's time to be dedicated to serving that position, with an average time dedication of 37%. CONCLUSION: The position of PD in psychiatry requires an average of 37% of the program director's time, while carrying an estimated 82% of the administrative workload. The program domain manager administration system implemented at Queen's University enabled the PD to be simultaneously up to date with all major areas of the program while experiencing a substantial decrease in the administrative workload, achieved through increased work contribution of the RPC. This system encourages closer involvement of RPC members in decision making and development of their program domains, allowing the PD more time for developing, implementing and overseeing innovations across the RTP spectrum. Furthermore, it has led to a PD: RPC workload shift from a ratio of 90:10 to one of about 60:40. Essentially, this resulted in a more efficient and adaptable RPC and RTP.
Canada↗