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Jun Gu

Publications and source records attributed to Jun Gu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Establishment and characterization of a new mantle cell lymphoma cell line M-1.

A new mantle cell lymphoma cell line, M-1, was established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with a diagnosis of blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma in leukemic phase. This cell line showed cell surface antigens identical to the original tumor and demonstrated the profile of a mature B-cell phenotype typical of mantle cell lymphoma: positive for CD5, CD19, CD20, sIgM and FMC7, and negative for CD3, CD10 and CD23. Cytogenetically, the M-1 cell line showed chromosomal alterations similar to the initial clinical specimen, among which a translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32) resulting in the overexpression of cyclin D1 as well as additional abnormalities involving chromosomes 3, 9 and 10. This cell line was used as a model to investigate the activity of the three drugs doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine, commonly used in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma patients. The effect of the drugs was evaluated by a 24 h cytotoxicity test and a 7-days anti-proliferation test using a microculture tetrazolium-based assay (MTT). Both assays indicated a higher sensitivity of the cell line to vincristine when compared to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The characterization of a new mantle cell lymphoma cell line is a unique tool for studying the biology of this subtype of lymphoma for which only a few cell lines have been established.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed2004

Mesorhizobium septentrionale sp. nov. and Mesorhizobium temperatum sp. nov., isolated from Astragalus adsurgens growing in the northern regions of China.

Ninety-five rhizobial strains isolated from Astragalus adsurgens growing in the northern regions of China were classified into three main groups, candidate species I, II and III, based on a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences of representative strains showed that candidate species I and II were Mesorhizobium, while candidate species III, which consisted of non-nodulating strains, was closely related to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The phylogenetic relationships of the three candidate species and some related strains were also confirmed by the sequencing of glnA genes, which were used as an alternative chromosomal marker. The DNA-DNA relatedness was between 11.3 and 47.1 % among representative strains of candidate species I and II and the type strains of defined Mesorhizobium species. Candidate III had DNA relatedness of between 4.3 and 25.2 % with type strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rubi. Two novel species are proposed to accommodate candidate species I and II, Mesorhizobium septentrionale sp. nov. (type strain, SDW014(T)=CCBAU 11014(T)=HAMBI 2582(T)) and Mesorhizobium temperatum sp. nov. (type strain, SDW018(T)=CCBAU 11018(T)=HAMBI 2583(T)), respectively. At least two distinct nodA sequences were identified among the strains. The numerically dominant nodA sequence type was most similar to that from the Mesorhizobium tianshanense type strain and was identified in strains belonging to the two novel species as well as other, as yet, undefined genome types. Host range studies indicate that the different nodA sequences correlate with different host ranges. Further comparative studies with the defined Agrobacterium species are needed to clarify the taxonomic identity of candidate species III.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed2004

Feature selection based on mutual information and redundancy-synergy coefficient.

Mutual information is an important information measure for feature subset. In this paper, a hashing mechanism is proposed to calculate the mutual information on the feature subset. Redundancy-synergy coefficient, a novel redundancy and synergy measure of features to express the class feature, is defined by mutual information. The information maximization rule was applied to derive the heuristic feature subset selection method based on mutual information and redundancy-synergy coefficient. Our experiment results showed the good performance of the new feature selection method.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Klotho is a serum factor related to human aging.

BACKGROUND: Does klotho (KL) protein exist in human serum, and is there any correlation between KL protein in serum with human aging? In order to answer those questions, we identified KL protein in human serum and established the correlation between KL protein in human serum and aging. METHODS: We prepared a polyclonal antibody against human KL protein that was able to recognize the C-terminal of human secreted KL protein. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to identify KL protein in human serum. RESULTS: In Western blot, the antibody specifically recognized a 60-kD KL protein in both human and mice serum. The population aged from 0 to 91 years screened by ELISA revealed that the level of serum KL declined while age increased, though each individual level was variable and that the trend of decreasing in serum KL had no difference in sex. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that KL is a serum factor related to human aging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental study of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment. METHODS: A porcine model of SAP was reproduced by infusing normal saline (1 ml/kg) of sodium taurocholate (4%) and trypsin (1%) into the pancreatic duct (n=8). Heart rate (HR), central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure(MPAP) and cardiac output were continuously measured with the aid of Swan-Ganz catheter and electrocardiography monitor, and cardiac index (CI) was calculated. Oxygen delivery (DO(2)), oxygen consumption (VODO(2)) and oxygen extraction (ODO(2)ext) were calculated according to the analysis of the blood-gases in arterial and mixed venous blood at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36 hours after taurocholic acid injection, and the result were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with baseline (0 hour), MAP and CI decreased significantly 12 hours after the acid insult (all P<0.05). Both of partial pressure of artery (PaO(2)) and DO(2) showed a tendency to fall. Compared with 0 hour, PaO(2) decreased significantly at 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours (all P<0.05), and DO(2)at 24 hours (P<0.05). The trends of VO(2) and O(2)ext were consistent, both of them peaked at 6 hours (both P<0.05), then, began to lower, and the difference was statistically significance at 24 hours (both P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is not only hemodynamic disturbances but also oxygen metabolism dysfunction in pigs with SAP. The pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome might be attributable to the lowering of VO(2) and O(2)ext.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization for the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation in the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma on fine-needle aspirates: a comparison with flow cytometry immunophenotyping.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosing lymphoproliferative disorders on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) can be challenging due to variable cellularity and lack of architecture. Ancillary studies often are required for diagnosis. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by a monoclonal B-cell proliferation with coexpression of CD19/CD10 and a t(14;18)(q32;q21) reciprocal translocation, resulting in the immunoglobulin heavy chain/BCL-2 fusion gene. These features also can be found, with much lower frequency, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of follicle center cell origin. The objective of the current study was to compare the accuracy in detecting FL and DLBCL of follicle center cell origin by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) versus flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCM) on FNAs. METHODS: Concurrent testing by FISH for t(14;18)(q32;q21) and FCM was performed on 84 FNAs, including 40 FLs and 44 non-FLs (de novo DLBCLs, mantle cell lymphomas, small lymphocytic lymphomas/chronic lymphocytic leukemias [SLLs/CLLs], small B-cell lymphomas, and reactive lymphoid hyperplasias). The final diagnosis was rendered based on the combined information from cytomorphology, FCM, FISH, immunocytochemical staining for Ki-67, monoclonality for kappa and lambda light chains, and, if available, corresponding tissue biopsy, cytogenetic analysis, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Among 40 FLs, FISH produced positive results for the t(14;18) translocation in 85.0%, negative results in 7.5%, and insufficient results in 7.5%; whereas, with FCM, 75% of cases exhibited a CD19-positive (CD19+)/CD10+ population (28 monoclonal, 2 nonclonal), 12.5% of cases exhibited a CD19+/CD10-negative population (3 monoclonal, 2 nonclonal), and 12.5% of cases were insufficient. All of nonclonal results from FCM and all of the insufficient results from FCM analysis exhibited unequivocal t(14;18) translocation by FISH. In contrast, the three negative results and the three insufficient results from FISH were monoclonal and CD19+/CD10+ on FCM. The results from FISH and FCM were concordant in 75% cases. Of 44 non-FLs, FISH produced positive results for the t(14;18) translocation in 5 DLBCLs and 2 SLLs/CLLs. The latter showed single fusion signals just above the cutoff level. All cases in the non-FL group that failed to show clonality or had insufficient results from FCM were DLBCLs. Among 17 DLBCLs, FISH detected a t(14;18) translocation in 29.4%, whereas FCM demonstrated a CD19+/CD10+ population in 23.5%. CONCLUSIONS: I-FISH for the t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation provided high overall accuracy in detecting FLs on FNAs. This test can be used for diagnosing or monitoring FL on FNAs when cellularity is limited or when FCM results are noncontributory. For detecting a follicle center cell origin in DLBCLs, I-FISH for the t(14;18) translocation appeared to be slightly more sensitive than FCM for the CD19+/CD10+ immunophenotype.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14↗
PubMed2003

Targeted disruption of the olfactory mucosa-specific Cyp2g1 gene: impact on acetaminophen toxicity in the lateral nasal gland, and tissue-selective effects on Cyp2a5 expression.

CYP2G1 is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase expressed uniquely in the olfactory mucosa (OM). We have generated Cyp2g1-null mice to identify the roles of CYP2G1 in the biology and the tissue-specific toxicity of xenobiotic compounds in the nose. Homozygous Cyp2g1-null mice are viable and fertile; they show no evidence of embryonic lethality, morphological abnormality, or developmental deficits; and they seem to have normal olfactory ability. However, OM microsomes from Cyp2g1-null mice were found to have significantly lower activities than microsomes from wild-type mice in the metabolism of testosterone and progesterone (approximately 60% decrease) and in the metabolic activation of coumarin (>70% decrease). Unexpectedly, a significant reduction in the expression of the Cyp2a5 gene was found in the liver, the lateral nasal gland (LNG), and, to a lesser extent, the kidney of adult Cyp2g1-null mice. The loss of CYP2G1 expression, and the associated decrease in the hepatic expression of CYP2A5, did not decrease systemic clearance, extent of hepatotoxicity, or OM toxicity of acetaminophen (AP). However, the LNG was protected from AP (at 400 mg/kg) toxicity in the Cyp2g1-null mice. Paradoxically, the LNG did not have detectable CYP2G1, and the decrease in LNG CYP2A5 expression in the Cyp2g1-null mice was not accompanied by decreases in microsomal AP metabolism. We hypothesize that OM CYP2G1 (through a paracrine pathway) or LNG CYP2A5 may indirectly influence resistance of the LNG to chemical toxicity, possibly by regulating gene expression in the LNG through steroid hormones or other endogenous P450 substrates and their metabolites.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2003

[Application of combination of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence: measurement of glutamate and arginine in PAG microdialytes of conscions morphine-withdrawal rats].

Microdialysis technique in free-moving animals can be used to monitor continuously the changes of many extracellular neurotransmitters in certain brain areas and study the relationship between neurotransmitter and functions. Using detection of capillary electrophoresis combined with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) further improves the above-mentioned technique. In the present study, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to derivatizate amino acid in very low concentration. We found that increasing derivatization temperature could shorten derivatization time and that the derivatizative efficiency was not different from that when experiment was performed under the traditional derivatization condition (room temperature for 16 h). We also got an optimized condition of amino acid derivatization with FITC at 30 degrees C water bath for 5 h. Using the optimized condition of amino acid derivatization, we investigated the changes in L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-glutamate (L-Glu) concentration in periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) microdialytes of free-moving morphine-withdrawal rats. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the concentration of L-Arg and L-Glu in PAG between non-dependent and dependent rats. The concentration of L-Arg and L-Glu in PAG increased by 63% and 105%, respectively, in the first 10 min after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and then declined gradually. These changes were in correspondence with the scores of morphine withdrawal symptom.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Structure- and function-based characterization of a new phosphoglycolate phosphatase from Thermoplasma acidophilum.

The protein TA0175 has a large number of sequence homologues, most of which are annotated as unknown and a few as belonging to the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily, but has no known biological function. Using a combination of amino acid sequence analysis, three-dimensional crystal structure information, and kinetic analysis, we have characterized TA0175 as phosphoglycolate phosphatase from Thermoplasma acidophilum. The crystal structure of TA0175 revealed two distinct domains, a larger core domain and a smaller cap domain. The large domain is composed of a centrally located five-stranded parallel beta-sheet with strand order S10, S9, S8, S1, S2 and a small beta-hairpin, strands S3 and S4. This central sheet is flanked by a set of three alpha-helices on one side and two helices on the other. The smaller domain is composed of an open faced beta-sandwich represented by three antiparallel beta-strands, S5, S6, and S7, flanked by two oppositely oriented alpha-helices, H3 and H4. The topology of the large domain is conserved; however, structural variation is observed in the smaller domain among the different functional classes of the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily. Enzymatic assays on TA0175 revealed that this enzyme catalyzed the dephosphorylation of phosphoglycolate in vitro with similar kinetic properties seen for eukaryotic phosphoglycolate phosphatase. Activation by divalent cations, especially Mg2+, and competitive inhibition behavior with Cl- ions are similar between TA0175 and phosphoglycolate phosphatase. The experimental evidence presented for TA0175 is indicative of phosphoglycolate phosphatase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical characterization of CYP2A expression in human olfactory mucosa.

The aim of the present study was to further characterize the expression of the CYP2A genes in human nasal mucosa. Fetal nasal tissues at 12-26 weeks of gestational age and surgical biopsy tissues from various regions of nasal cavity of adult patients were studied to determine whether CYP2A proteins can be detected by immunoblot in adults, whether higher levels of CYP2A proteins are present in adult than in fetal nasal mucosal microsomes, and whether CYP2A13 mRNA is more abundant than CYP2A6 mRNA in fetal nasal mucosa. In adults, immunoblot analysis detected CYP2A proteins in microsomes of the olfactory region from 8 of 10 individuals, but in none of the nasal microsomes of the respiratory region from 47 patients. Quantitative immunoblot analysis confirmed that CYP2A proteins are selectively expressed in the olfactory region in both adult and fetal tissues. Interestingly, the levels of CYP2A proteins in nasal microsomes were generally higher in fetuses than in adults. In the fetus, the level of CYP2A13 mRNA was much higher than that of CYP2A6 mRNA, as has been previously found in adult nasal mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed that, in the fetus, the CYP2A proteins are expressed in the supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium and in the Bowman's glands in the lamina propria. The prenatal expression of the CYP2A proteins in the olfactory mucosa suggests potential risks of developmental toxicity from maternally derived xenobiotics, since both CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 are known to be efficient in the metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines and other respiratory toxicants.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed2003

Centrosomal abnormality is common in and a potential biomarker for bladder cancer.

Centrosomal abnormalities have been implicated in chromosomal segregation aberrations that result from the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles and lead to aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is a characteristic of neoplasia and underlies the development and progression of bladder cancer. Therefore, centrosomal abnormality may play a key role in urothelial tumor transformation. The purpose of our investigation was to determine whether centrosomal abnormalities are present in malignant urothelial cells, define the relationship between centrosomal abnormalities and aneuploidy and determine whether the presence of centrosomal abnormalities might be a potential diagnostic marker for bladder cancer. Bladder wash specimens obtained from patients with and without a history of urothelial carcinoma were analyzed for centrosomal abnormalities using an immunoassay with a gamma-tubulin antibody. FISH with centromeric probes for chromosomes 4 and 9 and DNA ploidy image analysis were performed to detect aneuploidy. Defective centrosomes were found in 40 of 45 bladder wash specimens from patients with bladder cancer but in none of the 10 samples from patients without it. A large percentage (69%) of grade 1 tumors were positive for centrosomal abnormalities, and these abnormalities were increasing in numbers and size in grade 2 (93%) and grade 3 (100%) specimens. Centrosomal abnormalities and numerical chromosomal aberrations frequently appeared concomitantly in the same malignant cells. All of the specimens showing aneuploidy also exhibited centrosomal abnormalities: centrosomal defects and aneuploidy occurred together in 80% of malignant bladder tumors, with an especially high percentage in higher-grade tumors. The overall positivity of centrosomal abnormalities was higher than that of aneuploidy (88% vs. 80%), especially in grade 1 tumors (69% vs. 46%), whereas aneuploidy was strongly associated with grade 2 and grade 3 tumors. Centrosomal abnormalities are common in bladder cancer, even in low-grade tumors, and strongly associated with cancer grade and aneuploidy, especially in high-grade neoplasms. Centrosomal abnormalities appear to be intrinsic to aneuploidy and tumorigenesis and may be potential markers for early detection of bladder cancer.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2003

Liver-specific deletion of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene: impact on plasma cholesterol homeostasis and the function and regulation of microsomal cytochrome P450 and heme oxygenase.

A mouse model with liver-specific deletion of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (Cpr) gene (designated Alb-Cre/Cprlox mice) was generated and characterized in this study. Hepatic microsomal CPR expression was significantly reduced at 3 weeks and was barely detectable at 2 months of age in the Alb-Cre+/-/Cprlox+/+ (homozygous) mice, with corresponding decreases in liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) and heme oxygenase (HO) activities, in pentobarbital clearance, and in total plasma cholesterol level. Nevertheless, the homozygous mice are fertile and are normal in gross appearance and growth rate. However, at 2 months, although not at 3 weeks, the homozygotes had significant increases in liver weight, accompanied by hepatic lipidosis and other pathologic changes. Intriguingly, total microsomal CYP content was increased in the homozygotes about 2-fold at 3 weeks and about 3-fold at 2 months of age; at 2 months, there were varying degrees of induction in protein (1-5-fold) and mRNA expression (0-67-fold) for all CYPs examined. There was also an induction of HO-1 protein (nearly 9-fold) but no induction of HO-2. These data indicate the absence of significant alternative redox partners for liver microsomal CYP and HO, provide in vivo evidence for the significance of hepatic CPR-dependent enzymes in cholesterol homeostasis and systemic drug clearance, and reveal novel regulatory pathways of CYP expression associated with altered cellular homeostasis. The Alb-Cre/Cprlox mouse represents a unique model for studying the in vivo function of hepatic HO and microsomal CYP-dependent pathways in the biotransformation of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds.

Alleles↗
PubMed2003

Detection of a subset of CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.

T/null-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a morphologically and clinically heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; to date several morphologic variants have been described on histologic specimens. However, the cytologic features of these variants in the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens have not been well evaluated. The t(2;5)(p23;q35) has been identified in a subset of T/null-ALCL and is known to be associated with a favorable prognosis. We reviewed the cytomorphologic characteristics in 24 FNA specimens of ALCL. In all cases, the diagnosis was confirmed on histologic specimens, and immunohistochemical studies for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein expression were performed on the aspirates. The presence of ALK breakpoints were evaluated in nine cases, using a DNA break-apart probe on chromosome 2 covering the ALK gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Two hundred cells per case were examined. The results were expressed as the percentage of cells containing more than two signals of chromosome 2 to the total number of cells counted. FNA sites included lymph nodes (20), lung (2), breast (1), and soft tissue (1). The median age of the patients was 56 yr (range, 17-75 yr). Twenty cases had systemic involvement; in four cases, skin was the primary site with secondary involvement of the lymph nodes. All cases were CD30(+) by immunohistochemistry; 20 were of T-cell phenotype and 4 were null cell type. The cytologic evaluation revealed typical anaplastic morphology (common type) with many "hallmark cells" in 16 (67%) cases. Other morphologic variants identified were small cell pattern in five cases, monomorphic pattern in two cases, and lymphohistiocytic pattern in one case. FISH studies showed that six (66.7%) of nine cases had at least two signals of chromosome 2, consistent with ALK breakpoints. With careful cytomorphologic evaluation in conjunction with appropriate immunohistochemical studies, a diagnosis of ALCL can be confidently made in the FNA specimens in the cellular aspirates and its morphologic variants also can be recognized. Furthermore, the FNA specimen is suitable in detecting ALK breakpoints by FISH study, permitting rapid identification of a subset of patients with ALCL, who may have a favorable prognosis. Using a commercially available probe, detection of ALK breakpoints in the FNA specimens is simple and can be a useful diagnostic adjunct in cases where distinction from other lymphomas or lymphoid lesions is morphologically difficult.

Activin Receptors, Type I↗
PubMed2003

Conditional knockout of the mouse NADPH-cytochrome p450 reductase gene.

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR or POR) is the obligatory electron donor for all microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP or P450)-catalyzed monooxygenase reactions. Disruption of the mouse Cpr gene has been reported to cause prenatal developmental defects and embryonic lethality. In this study, we generated a mouse model with a floxed Cpr allele (termed Cpr(lox)). Homozygous Cpr(lox) mice are fertile and without any histological abnormality or any change in CPR expression. The floxed Cpr allele was subsequently deleted efficiently by crossing Cpr(lox) mice with transgenic mice having liver-specific Cre expression (Alb-Cre); the result was a decrease in the level of CPR protein in liver microsomes. The Cpr(lox) strain will be valuable for conditional Cpr gene deletion and subsequent determination of the impact of CPR loss on the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds, as well as on postnatal development and other biological functions.

Alleles↗
PubMed2003

Prevention of osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice by electroporational gene transfer of parathyroid hormone.

Non-viral vector, pCMV-Pth, with full-length human parathyroid hormone (prepro-hPTH) cDNA was constructed and delivered into the ovariectomized mouse quadriceps to explore the effects of electroporational gene transfer of PTH on the bone. The expression of hPTH in the transfected mice was detected by RT-PCR and radioimmunoassay. Mechanical testing and the analysis of bone mineral content demonstrated the improvement of bone properties. These results suggest that the electroporational gene taransfer of parathyroid hormone might be a promising method to prevent the bone loss in the postmenopausal women.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The effects of the formula of amino acids enriched BCAA on nutritional support in traumatic patients.

AIM: To investigate the formula of amino acid enriched BCAA on nutritional support in traumatic patients after operation. METHODS: 40 adult patients after moderate or large abdominal operations were enrolled in a prospective, randomly and single-blind-controlled study, and received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with either formula of amino acid (AA group, 20 cases) or formula of amino acid enriched BCAA (BCAA group, 20 cases). From the second day after operation, total parenteral nutrition was infused to the patients in both groups with equal calorie and equal nitrogen by central or peripheral vein during more than 12 hours per day for 6 days. Meanwhile, nitrogen balance was assayed by collecting 24 hours urine for 6 days. The markers of protein metabolism were investigated such as amino acid patterns, levels of total protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and fibronectin in serum. RESULTS: The positive nitrogen balance in BCAA group occurred two days earlier than that in AA group. The serum levels of total protein and albumin in BCAA group were increased more obviously than that in AA group. The concentration of valine was notably increased and the concentration of arginine was markedly decreased in BCAA group after the formula of amino acids enriched BCAA transfusion. CONCLUSION: The formula of amino acid enriched BCAA may normalize the levels of serum amino acids, reduce the proteolysis, increase the synthesis of protein, improve the nutritional status of traumatic patients after operation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2003

The labeling of C57BL/6j derived embryonic stem cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein.

OBJECTIVE: To labele MESPU35, a embryonic stem (ES) cell line derived from C57BL/6j mouse, with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) for further application. METHODS: The EGFP gene was controlled by the hybrid CA promoter/enhancer (CMV enhancer/chicken beta-actin promoter/beta-actin intron) to construct the vector of the transgene, pCA-EGFP. The vector was transfected into MESPU35 by electroporation. RESULTS: We generated EGFP expressing ES cells demonstrating normal properties. The green fluorescence of EGFP expressing cells was maintained in propagation of the ES cells for more than 30 passages as well as in differentiated cells. Cultured in suspension, the "green" ES cells aggregated, and formed embryoid bodies maintaining the green fluorescence at varying developmental stages. The "green" embryoid bodies could expand and differentiate into various types of cells, exhibiting ubiquitous green fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS: The hybrid CA promoter/enhancer used to control the EGFP expressing ES cells, resulted in more intense and ubiquitous activity. The EGFP transfected cells yield bright green fluorescence, which can be visualized in real time and in situ. In addition, the ES cells, MESPU35, are derived from C57BL/6j mice, which are the most widely used in oncology, physiology and genetics. Compared to 129 substrains, C57BL/6j mice avoid a number of potential problems apparent in the other strains.

Animals↗