PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Jun Sato

Publications and source records attributed to Jun Sato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Clarithromycin suppresses invasiveness of human lung adenocarcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND: It has been speculated that clarithromycin (CAM), a 14-membered ring macrolide, possesses antitumor effects besides antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. METHOD: We evaluated the effects of CAM on the growth and invasiveness of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS: Although CAM did not affect the growth of A549 cells, the Matrigel invasion assay showed that the potential of invasion was diminished by CAM treatment. When analyzed by flow cytometry, CAM suppressed alpha(2)- and beta(1)-integrin expression. Furthermore, thymidine phosphorylase (TP) expression was diminished by CAM treatment in a dose-dependent manner. A specific TP inhibitor also suppressed beta(1)-integrin expression in flow cytometric analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CAM may suppress invasive activity of A549 cells in part by diminishing the expression of TP, alpha(2)- and beta(1)-integrin, which may be a downstream signal of the TP pathway, and that CAM could be useful in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Specific expression of substance P in synovial tissues of patients with symptomatic, non-reducing internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: comparison with clinical findings.

Our aim was to find out the extent of expression of substance P in synovial tissue from the human temporomandibular joints (TMJ) with symptomatic, non-reducing internal derangement, and to investigate the relationship between substance P and clinical findings. Fifty-four joints in 54 patients were examined immunohistochemically. Specimens of synovial tissue from 10 joints in 8 subjects with habitual dislocation of the TMJ with no pain were examined as controls. Cells that stained for substance P were found mainly among the endothelial cells in the blood vessels beneath the lining cells in synovial tissues from 47 of the 54 joints (87%) with internal derangement and from 5 of the 10 control joints. The extent score of cells that stained for substance P in joints with internal derangement was significantly higher than that in controls (p=0.02). The extent score of these cells did not correlate with pain in the joint or the degree of synovitis. These results suggest that substance P may have some roles in both the physiological and pathological conditions in patients with symptomatic internal derangement of the TMJ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Anchored disc phenomenon with a normally positioned disc in the temporomandibular joint: characteristics and behaviour.

We aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis and evaluate the therapeutic behaviour of patients with an anchored disc phenomenon but a normally positioned disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fourteen patients with internal derangement including closed lock of one TMJ were examined. All had normally positioned discs. Synovial fluid was collected from the TMJ by arthrocentesis. Their symptoms, and the protein concentration in the synovial fluid, were evaluated. Their median duration of illness was 3 months (range 0.5-12), and the median protein concentration was low (343 microg/ml; range 36-791). Arthrocentesis was successful in nine. Arthroscopic findings in the five unsuccessful cases showed severe intra-articular adhesions of the TMJ. The main intra-articular pathological feature was the presence of adhesions, which might be affected by low protein concentrations in the synovial fluid. These findings may provide a new treatment in patients with normally positioned discs, despite the small number studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Isolation and expression profiling of genes upregulated in bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

We have comprehensively identified the genes whose expressions are augmented in bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMC) from patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) as compared with BMMCs from Osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and named them AURA after augmented in RA. Both stepwise subtractive hybridization and microarray analyses were used to identify AURA genes, which were confirmed by northern blot analysis and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also assessed their expression levels in individual patients by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Of 103 AURA genes we have identified, the mRNA levels of the following 10 genes, which are somehow related to immune responses, were increased in many of the RA patients: AREG (=AURA9), FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5 = AURA45), C-type lectin superfamily member 9 (CLECSF9 = AURA24), tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1 (TPST1 = AURA52), lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene (G0S2 = AURA8), chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4 = AURA86), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB = AURA25) and two genes of unknown function (FLJ11106 = AURA1, BC022398 = AURA2 and XM_058513 = AURA17). Since AREG was most significantly increased in many of the RA patients, we subjected it to further analysis and found that AREG-epidermal growth factor receptor signaling is highly activated in synovial cells isolated from RA patients, but not in OA synoviocytes. We propose that the expression profiling of these AURA genes may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of RA.

Amphiregulin↗
PubMed2006

IL-21 dependent IgE production in human and mouse in vitro culture systems is cell density and cell division dependent and is augmented by IL-10.

IL-21 is known to enhance immunoglobulin production using human in vitro models. Using either PBMC or purified tonsilar B cells both stimulated with anti-CD40, IL-4+/-IL-21, this enhancement was shown to correlate with increased cell division especially for IgE and to a lesser extent for IgM and total IgG. Cell division was monitored by CFSE staining and maximum cell division was found at low initial cell plating densities. A correlation between increased cell division and IL-10-mediated enhancement of IgE production was also seen; however, increased cell division plays a smaller role with IL-10 than IL-21. This is further emphasized in that when IL-10 and IL-21 were added together there was a further synergistic increase in IgE seen, but no accompanying further increase in cell division. The mouse system was also examined for IL-21 effects as a function of cell concentration, and as in humans, IL-21 added to murine cells increased IgE production over IL-4/CD40 stimulated cells at lower cell concentrations; however, IL-21 significantly reduced IgE at higher plated cell concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A validation and potential modification of the pneumonia severity index in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the discriminatory power of the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to improve its performance. DESIGN: Retrospective review of 193 patients from 1999 to 2001 to derive prognostic rules. The rules were prospectively validated in 144 patients from 2002 to 2003. SETTING: Iwata City Hospital, a 400-bed general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 80 and older who had CAP and were admitted to the hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Predictors of 30-day mortality were identified using logistic regression analysis, and several rules were constructed by combining the PSI and the independent predictors. RESULTS: The original PSI, which defines PSI Class IV and V as a high-risk group, did not perform well in discriminating survivors from nonsurvivors (sensitivity 100%, specificity 15%), whereas a modified PSI, which defines only PSI Class V as a high-risk group, performed better (sensitivity 86%, specificity 63%). Three predictors for mortality were identified independent from the modified PSI: performance status (PS) Grade 3 or higher, anorexia, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 50 mmHg or greater. By combining the modified PSI and PS, the performance could be further improved (sensitivity 79%, specificity 80%). CONCLUSION: The modified PSI could identify low-risk patients more accurately than the original PSI. In addition, by combining the modified PSI with PS, higher performance was obtained. Such information would aid physicians in clinical decision-making without overestimating the risk for elderly patients with CAP.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2006

Canine serum thermostable alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme from a dog with hepatocellular carcinoma.

A dog histopathologically diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed very high serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. A supernatant of ascitic fluid and tumor tissue extracted from the dog also showed much higher ALP activity than normal. ALP isoenzyme analysis of samples was performed using polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis, and a wide, broad abnormal band was observed. By various treatments, the abnormal band showed thermostability, which is a characteristic of tumor-associated ALP that has only been reported in humans. The thermostable ALP isoenzyme was not found in sera from 39 dogs with several types of tumor that originated from the liver, except for HCC, nor was it found in 10 dogs with hepatic diseases that did not include hepatic tumors. The thermostable ALP isoenzyme seemed to be associated with canine HCC.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2005

Electrophoretic separation of the synovial fluid proteins in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to characterize the patterns of protein expression in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) by electrophoretic fractionation. STUDY DESIGN: Samples of the SF of 26 consecutive patients consisting of 16 with closed locking (CL group) and 10 with osteoarthritis (OA group), as well as 7 asymptomatic control subjects (AS group), were analyzed in the present study. SF samples were obtained from the upper compartment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and equal quantities of SF protein were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). RESULTS: The mean total protein concentrations in the SF from both of the TMD groups were higher than that in the AS group (1353 microg/mL in the CL group and 2485 microg/mL in the OA group vs 615 microg/mL in the AS group; P < .01). Moreover, the mean total SF protein concentration was higher in the OA group than in the CL group (P < .01). There was a correlation between the total protein concentration in the SF from both patient groups and the degree of expanded joint effusion (P = .003, r = 0.685). Approximately 22 different protein bands with molecular weights ranging from 14 to 700 kd were clearly discernible on electrophoresis. The relative amounts of specific proteins in the SF of the TMD group were also different from those in the AS group (P < .05). The major difference in total protein concentration appeared to be due to the increased abundance of relatively high molecular weight proteins (>140 kd) in the TMD patients as compared to the AS group. CONCLUSIONS: The SF of patients with TMD showed significant quantitative differences in total protein abundance as compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, this protein abundance was correlated strongly with the degree of expanded joint effusion. The major difference in total protein concentration appeared to be due to the increased abundance of relatively high molecular weight polypeptides in the TMD patients as compared to the healthy control subjects. These observations of changes in the pattern of protein expression may help in understanding the etiological factors involved in the pathophysiology of TMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Reduction of concanavalin A-induced expression of interferon-gamma by bovine lactoferrin in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein present in milk, mucosal secretions and neutrophils, contributes to host defense and immunomodulation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bovine LF (bLF) on cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR showed a ConA-induced increase of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression but not of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-12 p40 mRNA in feline PBMC. This ConA-induced increase of IFN-gamma mRNA expression was inhibited by addition of bLF not only 30 min before ConA stimulation but also 10, 20 and 40 min after ConA stimulation. Western blotting showed that protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in feline PBMC were activated within 10 min after the ConA stimulation and that the activation of both kinases had almost disappeared by 40 min after stimulation. Moreover, the ConA-induced IFN-gamma mRNA expression was partly prevented by genistein, a global PTK inhibitor, and PD-98059, an ERK inhibitor, respectively. These results suggest that bLF is able to inhibit the ConA-induced IFN-gamma mRNA expression by abrogation of intracellular signaling activated after interaction between ConA and its receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

alpha-Galactosylceramide, a ligand of natural killer T cells, inhibits allergic airway inflammation.

alpha-Galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) is a specific ligand of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) that regulates the immune responses such as tumor rejection and autoimmunity by producing interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4. However, it has not been determined whether alpha-GalCer-activated NKT cells modulate allergic inflammation. Because alpha-GalCer induces a large amount of IFN-gamma production by NKT cells, we hypothesized that an in vivo administration of alpha-GalCer could inhibit allergic airway inflammation in mice. Strikingly, a single intraperitoneal injection of alpha-GalCer almost completely abrogated an infiltrate with eosinophils in the lung tissue as well as in the bronchoalveolar lavage. This inhibition of allergic inflammation was associated with a significant decrease in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in the number of goblet cells. In addition, this ligand significantly inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine and raised the serum levels of ovalbumin-specific IgG2a with a decrease in those of ovalbumin-specific IgE. In IFN-gamma knockout mice, however, alpha-GalCer failed to exert such inhibitory effects in this asthma model. These results indicate that alpha-GalCer prevents allergic airway inflammation possibly through IFN-gamma production by ligand-activated NKT cells, suggesting the potential therapeutic application of alpha-GalCer in asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Muscular mechanical hyperalgesia revealed by behavioural pain test and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn after eccentric contraction in rats.

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is quite common, but the mechanism for this phenomenon is still not understood; even the existence of muscle tenderness (mechanical hyperalgesia) has not been demonstrated in experimental models. We developed an animal model of DOMS by inducing eccentric contraction (lengthening contraction, ECC) to the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL), and investigated the existence of mechanical hyperalgesia in the EDL by means of behavioural pain tests (Randall-Selitto test and von Frey hair test, applied to/through the skin on the EDL muscle) and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn. We found that the mechanical withdrawal threshold measured with the Randall-Selitto apparatus decreased significantly between 1 and 3 days after ECC, while that measured by von Frey hairs did not. The group that underwent stretching of the muscle only (SHAM group) showed no change in mechanical pain threshold in either test. These results demonstrated that the pain threshold of deep tissues (possibly of the muscle) decreased after ECC. c-Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn (examined 2 days after ECC/SHAM exercise) was not changed by either ECC or compression (1568 mN) to the EDL muscle by itself, but it was significantly increased by applying compression to the EDL muscle 2 days after ECC. This increase was observed in the superficial dorsal horn of the L4 segment of the ipsilateral side, and was clearly suppressed by morphine treatment (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.). These results demonstrated the existence of mechanical hyperalgesia in the muscle subjected to ECC. This model could be used for future study of the neural mechanism of muscle soreness.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Inhibitory, facilitatory, and excitatory effects of ATP and purinergic receptor agonists on the activity of rat cutaneous nociceptors in vitro.

Pathological pain is often associated with changed sympathetic nerve activities. It is known that sympathetic nerve endings release ATP as a co-transmitter of norepinephrine, but the effect of this ATP on the nociceptive system has not been properly studied in that the concentration range used in the previous studies was much higher than is expected in the surroundings of nociceptor terminals. We examined the effects of ATP, especially at low concentration (10(-5) M or less), on C-fiber polymodal receptor (CPR) activity using a rat skin-nerve preparation in vitro. We found for the first time that ATP inhibited the heat response of CPRs at low concentration (10(-5) M), but facilitated it at high concentration (10(-3) M). The former effect was mimicked by a P2X3 agonist, alpha,beta-methylene ATP, at 10(-5) M, while the latter was mimicked by 2-methylthio ADP (a P2Y1 agonist) or UTP (a P2Y2 agonist) at 10(-3) M, suggesting that the former is mediated by P2X receptors and the latter by P2Y receptors. After repetitive heat stimuli, ATP-induced CPR excitation was increased (10(-5) to 10(-3) M), but none of the purinergic agonists induced CPR excitation in a magnitude comparable to that by ATP. Possible mechanisms for these effects were discussed.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of the clinical outcomes of patients having sounds in the temporomandibular joint with skeletal mandibular deformities treated by vertico-sagittal ramus osteotomy or vertical ramus osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: This article describes the effects of the intraoral vertico-sagittal ramus osteotomy (IVSRO) procedure on the jaw of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. STUDY DESIGN: IVSRO was performed on 15 patients (30 sides) who had mandibular protrusion or asymmetry with TMJ dysfunction. IVRO was performed on another 15 patients (30 sides). All of the 30 patients had sounds in the TMJ uni- or bilaterally. The relative positions of the condyle and disc and the range of motion of the condyles were determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and 12 months after the operations. RESULTS: Sounds such as clicking improved in 92% (24/26) of the joints in the IVSRO group, and in 83% (20/24) of the joints in the IVRO group 12 months after the operation. The positional relationship between the condyle and disc on the MR images improved in 82% (9/11) of the joints with reduction of the anterior disc displacement; in 60% (3/5) of the joints without reduction of the anterior disc displacement in the IVSRO group; in 75% (9/12) of the joints with reduction of the anterior disc displacement; and in 40% (2/5) of the joints without reduction of the anterior disc displacement in the IVRO group. Immediately after the operation, the condyle was displaced anterio-inferiorly in all joints in both groups, but gradually returned to close to the preoperative position. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the extent of shift of the condylar head at 2 weeks and 12 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of the IVSRO procedure are similar to those of the IVRO procedure. Therefore, IVSRO may be a suitable procedure for patients having TMJ dysfunction with skeletal mandibular deformities, particularly when an IVRO is unsuitable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II, interleukin-6 soluble receptor, interleukin-1 soluble receptor type II, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the levels of various cytokines, cytokine receptors, and cytokine antagonists in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to determine the correlations among these expression levels. STUDY DESIGN: Synovial fluid was obtained from 55 patients with TMD and from 5 asymptomatic healthy volunteers as controls. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II), IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR), IL-1 soluble receptor type II, and IL-1 receptor antagonist were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, sTNFR-I, and sTNFR-II were significantly higher in the synovial fluid of patients than in controls (P < .05). TNF-alpha level was positively correlated with those of IL-6, sTNFR-I, and sTNFR-II. In particular, there was a highly significant positive correlation between sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II. CONCLUSION: TNF and sTNFRs in the synovial fluid of patients with TMD may be important in the pathogenesis of these disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Levels of soluble cytokine factors in temporomandibular joint effusions seen on magnetic resonance images.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the correlations between joint effusion (JE) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the levels of various cytokine receptors, cytokine antagonists, and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-five TMJs of 55 patients with TMD were scanned by MRI, and synovial fluid samples were obtained on the same day. The grade of JE was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 3: Grades 0 and 1 indicated absence, and grades 2 and 3 indicated the presence of JE. Correlations were evaluated between JE and the concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II, respectively), IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR), IL-1 soluble receptor type II, and IL-1 receptor antagonist and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with TMD. RESULTS: The concentrations of sTNFR-I and protein in the group with JE (18 joints) were significantly higher than in the group without JE (37 joints). In addition, there were significant positive correlations between the grade of JE and the levels of sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and protein. CONCLUSIONS: sTNFRs and protein may play important roles in the pathogenesis of TMD. These mediators seem to influence the expression of JE, which may reflect synovial inflammation of the TMJ.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Expression of capsaicin receptor TRPV-1 in synovial tissues of patients with symptomatic internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint and joint pain.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate expression of capsaicin receptor TRPV-1 in synovial tissues of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with internal derangement and discuss its relationship with joint pain. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-four TMJs in 54 patients were examined using an immunohistochemical technique. As controls, 10 TMJs with habitual dislocation without pain were also examined. RESULTS: TRPV-1 was expressed mainly in the blood vessels beneath the lining cells in synovial tissues from 31 of the 54 joints with internal derangement and from 8 of the 10 control joints. The extent score of TRPV-1-stained cells with internal derangement was not significantly higher than that of controls. The extent score of TRPV-1 showed no correlation with joint pain. CONCLUSIONS: TRPV-1 was detected in the region of the posterior disk attachment of synovial tissues from the TMJ in patients with internal derangement and controls. TRPV-1 may play a role in maintenance of the physiologic condition of the TMJ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in synovial fluids of patients with symptomatic internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an inducer of angiogenesis and permeability of small blood vessels. We determined the concentrations of VEGF in synovial fluid of patients with symptomatic internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: Diluted synovial fluid was collected by a pumping procedure from 22 TMJs of patients with internal derangement and 10 control TMJs. VEGF concentration was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The VEGF was detected in 14 of the 22 joints (64%) of patients with internal derangement, at a mean concentration of 67 pg/ml, but in only one control joint (12.5 pg/ml) (P = 0.004 for the difference in concentration). There was a significant correlation between VEGF concentration and total protein concentration in the synovial fluid (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The increased concentration of VEGF in patients with symptomatic internal derangement suggests that this growth factor may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.

Adolescent↗