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Biomedical subjects

Jun Sato

Publications and source records attributed to Jun Sato.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Outcomes of 152 temporomandibular joints following arthroscopic anterolateral capsular release by holmium: YAG laser or electrocautery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical results and efficacy of arthroscopic anterolateral capsular release achieved through the use of a holmium:YAG laser or electrocautery for the management of patients with internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). STUDY DESIGN: We studied internal derangement (106 joints) and osteoarthritis (46 joints) of the TMJ in 129 patients. Preoperatively, the mean mouth-opening degree was 31 mm and 129 TMJs exhibited moderate to severe arthralgia. All patients underwent arthroscopic anterolateral capsular release achieved with a holmium:YAG laser (84 TMJs) or through electrocautery (68 TMJs). RESULTS: At the end of each patient's respective follow-up period, which ranged from 2 to 72 months (mean, 19 months), the mean mouth-opening degree was 43 mm (P<.0001). Also during that time, 105 joints were discovered to exhibit no arthralgia and 36 had mild arthralgia. The total success rates with 2 sets of criteria were 92.8% and 95.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic anterolateral capsular release is a minimally invasive and effective surgical method for the treatment of patients with TMJ intracapsular disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Expression and localization of steroid receptors in human nasal mucosa.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) in nasal mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human turbinates were obtained after turbinectomy from seven patients. The expression and localization of steroid receptors were examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Using RT-PCR, GR and ER alpha mRNA were detected in all cases. In contrast, ER beta, PR and AR mRNA were found in five, four and six cases, respectively. Using immunohistochemistry, antibodies to GR showed the presence of GR within all cells of nasal mucosa, with the highest quantities of GR being localized in epithelial cells, submucosal glands and inflammatory leukocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of sex steroid receptor revealed that anti-ER alpha antibody labelled mainly mast cells and anti-ER beta antibody labelled submucosal glands, and that no PR or AR expression was detected in any of the samples tested. CONCLUSIONS: The role of ER in mast cells and submucosal glands has not been well clarified. However, precise knowledge of the identity and distribution of sex steroid receptor should be of considerable interest in understanding the role of sex hormones in upper airway diseases such as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Expression of neurokinin a receptor mRNA in human nasal mucosa.

In airway tissues, it has been suggested that tachykinins act as the transmitter for afferent sensory nerves which respond to various irritants and may be involved in airway allergic reactions. Three classes of tachykinin receptor have been recognized, denoted NK1, NK2 and NK3, which exhibit preferential affinity for substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B, respectively. We used molecular probes to study the gene expression and distribution of NK2 receptor in human nasal mucosa. Total RNA was isolated from human nasal mucosa and NK2 receptor mRNA was detected in these tissues using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For an in situ hybridization study of human nasal mucosa, we utilized the PCR directly to incorporate a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence onto the NK2 receptor cDNA, and these PCR products were used as the DNA template for producing digoxigenin-labeled antisense and sense RNA probes. These studies revealed that NK2 receptor mRNA was expressed in blood vessels. The results suggest a primary role for neurokinin A in the form of vascular responses in the upper respiratory tract.

Gene Expression Regulation↗
PubMed2004

Effects of cetirizine on substance P release in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.

To evaluate the effect of cetirizine hydrochloride on substance P release in allergic rhinitis, we performed a single-blind placebo-controlled study of 14 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (7 treated with cetirizine and 7 with placebo). After an initial nasal allergen challenge with lavages, the subjects received treatment with placebo or cetirizine hydrochloride (10 mg by mouth daily) for 1 week, followed by the second nasal allergen challenge with lavages. The levels of albumin, histamine, and substance P in nasal lavages before and after allergen challenge were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pretreatment of subjects with cetirizine reduced the level of substance P induced by antigen challenge, but did not significantly reduce levels of histamine. These results suggest that cetirizine may reduce nasal neurogenic inflammation by modulating the release of substance P in allergic rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Role of thymidine phosphorylase on invasiveness and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is expressed at higher levels in a variety of human cancers than in adjacent normal tissue. It is reported that the higher expression is associated with an increase of intratumoral microvessel density and a poor prognosis. We investigated the role of TP in human non small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). The concentrations of TP in the tumors and the adjacent normal tissue from surgically resected specimens of 54 cases of NSCLCs were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor specimens were also examined immunohistochemically. TP concentrations in the tumors were 169 +/- 18 units/mg protein (mean +/- SD), whereas those in normal tissue were 43 +/- 4 units/mg protein (mean +/- SD), consistent with TP staining patterns. There was no correlation between TP expression and microvessel density. Among clinicopathologic factors examined, the concentrations of TP but not TP immunoreactivity correlated with tumor differentiation in lung adenocarcinoma. Although a specific TP inhibitor (TPI) and overexpression of TP did not affect the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, Matrigel invasion assay showed that A549 transfected with TP had higher invasive potential than mock transfectant, and such enhanced invasive activity was markedly diminished by treatment with TPI. Furthermore, administration of TPI suppressed lung metastasis of TP-overexpressing A549 cells in nude mice. These results demonstrate that TP may play an important role in tumor differentiation, invasiveness and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest that TP could be a novel target for treatment of TP-overexpressing lung adenocarcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Impaired pulmonary inflammatory responses are a prominent feature of streptococcal pneumonia in mice with experimental emphysema.

Little is known about why patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are susceptible to bacterial infections. Using an animal model of pulmonary emphysema, we investigated the inflammatory responses to bacterial infection. After intratracheal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (10(3)-10(7) cfu/mouse), the control mice did not die. However, the mice with emphysema died in a dose-dependent manner. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, examined 24 hours after infection showed that the numbers of total cells and neutrophils, in addition to murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 concentrations, were significantly less in the mice with emphysema compared with the control mice. Histopathologic findings revealed that the alveoli were filled with inflammatory cells and exudate in the control mice but not in the mice with emphysema. Seventy-two hours after infection, serum cytokine levels were significantly higher in the mice with emphysema, and significant numbers of S. pneumoniae were detected in both the whole lung tissues and the blood of mice with emphysema. These findings suggest that the inflammatory response in mice with emphysema was impaired at the site of bacterial infection despite the bacteremia, which accelerated severe systemic inflammatory responses. Accordingly, intra-alveolar but not systemic immune responses to bacterial infection were impaired in the presence of experimental emphysema.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Responses of C-fiber low threshold mechanoreceptors and nociceptors to cold were facilitated in rats persistently inflamed and hypersensitive to cold.

Cold allodynia is an annoying symptom in conditions of chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis. To examine whether primary afferent nerve activities are changed in association with hypersensitivity to cold, we recorded single nerve activities from the sural nerve in persistently inflamed rats in vivo. Inflammation was induced by an injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) solution into the tibio-tarsal joint. Inflamed rats showed an increased number of paw shakes to paw immersion in 25 degrees C water (pre-inflammation: 1.15+/-0.58, 2-week inflammation: 4.70+/-1.15). We also recorded cutaneous C-fiber activities under pentobarbital anesthesia and studied their responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. The response of C-low threshold mechanoreceptors to cooling (total discharges between 27 and 23 degrees C) increased 1.8-fold (control group: 5.17+/-1.04 impulses, inflamed group: 9.38+/-1.47 impulses). In addition, the proportion of C-nociceptor units responding to cold down to 2 degrees C was significantly greater in the inflamed group (9 out of 18 units; threshold: 10.0+/-2.6 degrees C) than in the intact group (1 out of 14 units; threshold: 4.0 degrees C). These results suggest that the facilitated responses of these primary afferents are associated with cold hypersensitivity in chronically inflamed conditions.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2003

Levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 in synovial fluids in human patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to elucidate the levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) in synovial fluid taken from internally deranged human temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and to discuss the role of FGF-2 in the pathogenesis of internal derangement. STUDY DESIGN: Through the use of a pumping procedure, diluted synovial fluid was collected from the upper joint compartment of 22 TMJs with evidence of internal derangement (21 patients) and 8 TMJs with no such evidence (5 control subjects). Two of the control subjects were patients who had habitual dislocation, and three were healthy volunteers. The level of FGF-2 in the synovial fluid was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: FGF-2 levels were at detectable levels in 15 of the 22 TMJs (68%) with internal derangement. The mean concentration of FGF-2 was 24 pg/mL. In the control group, FGF-2 levels were detectable in only 1 of 8 joints (13%), for a concentration of 3 pg/mL. The mean concentration of FGF-2 in the synovial fluid was significantly higher in the internal derangement group than in the control group (P =.02). CONCLUSIONS: FGF-2 levels are elevated in the human synovial fluid of TMJs with internal derangement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The fibrinolytic system in dissemination and matrix protein deposition during a mycobacterium infection.

The fibrinolytic system is known to play an important role in the inflammatory response to bacterial infections. In the present study, relationships between protein components of the fibrinolytic system and infectivity by Mycobacterium avium were analyzed. Infections were initiated through noninvasive intratracheal administration of M. avium 724 in mice individually deficient for plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, along with wild-type control mice. There were no differences in lung colony counts among all mouse genotypes throughout a 10-week infection. However, in tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen-deficient mice an earlier dissemination of M. avium to other organs was observed. Nevertheless, the M. avium growth rates in the liver, spleen, and lung did not differ between the various mouse populations throughout a 10-week infection. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses at 5 and 10 weeks after infection demonstrated that plasminogen-deficient mice, compared to wild-type mice, had enhanced fibrin and fibronectin deposition, as well as increased neutrophil infiltration within liver granulomas. These results suggest that plasmin(ogen) plays a role in the turnover of extracellular matrix proteins within granulomas and has a limited effect in the early dissemination of M. avium from lungs. Thus, plasmin(ogen) functions in limiting progressive fibrosis in the granuloma during a chronic mycobacterial infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Correlation between the arthroscopic diagnosis of synovitis and microvessel density in synovial tissues in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the correlation between the arthroscopic diagnosis of synovitis and microvessel density in synovial tissues in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). STUDY DESIGN: Forty-three joints in 41 patients with internal derangement were examined and biopsies taken. Microvessel density was evaluated using the immunohistochemical method for CD 34 antibody. Arthroscopically diagnosed synovitis was evaluated according to Murakami's criteria. RESULTS: In patients with internal derangement, arthroscopically diagnosed synovitis scores averaged 5.2+/-2.0, according to Murakami et al. (1991). Small to large blood vessels were observed clearly with CD 34 stain. The mean microvessel density was 22.7+/-15.6 per two high power fields (magnification x200). Synovitis scores correlated significantly with microvessel density (p=0.002, r=0.43). CONCLUSION: Synovitis evaluated using Murakami's scores correlated well with the number of blood vessels in synovial tissues in patients with internal derangement of the TMJ. This demonstrates that synovitis is linked to inflammation-related blood vessel density of the synovial tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Expression of osteoprotegerin in synovial tissue and degradation of articular cartilage: comparison with arthroscopic findings of temporomandibular joint disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations among the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in synovial tissue and the degree of synovitis, the degeneration of articular cartilage, and the adhesions in patients with internal derangement and osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Study design The expression of OPG, which was detected immunohistochemically, and the degree of arthroscopy of 31 patients with internal derangement and osteoarthritis of the TMJ were assessed and the correlations between them were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: OPG was expressed in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells, synovial lining cells, and fibroblast cells. TMJs with osteoarthritis had a higher degree of articular cartilage degeneration than did TMJs with internal derangement. There was a correlation between the expression of OPG in the endothelial cells and the degree of the articular cartilage degeneration (P <.01). CONCLUSION: The expression of OPG might be associated with the development of degenerative changes of articular cartilage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of arthroscopic eminoplasty for habitual dislocation of the temporomandibular joint: comparative study with conventional open eminectomy.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the clinical courses of patients who underwent arthroscopic eminoplasty and conventional open eminectomy for habitual dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). STUDY DESIGN: Arthroscopic eminoplasty was performed by using Segami's method in 24 joints in 13 patients (arthroscopic group) with habitual dislocation of the TMJ, while conventional open eminectomy was performed by using Myrhaug's method in 18 joints in 11 patients (open group). Clinical factors were retrospectively compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The operation time per joint was, on average, 14 minutes shorter in the arthroscopic group (77 minutes versus 63 minutes), and the average blood loss was less in the arthroscopic group (2 g versus 15 g). During the follow-up period (mean, 41 months), dislocation recurred in 5 TMJs (28%) in the open group and in 6 TMJs (25%) in the arthroscopic group. No major postoperative complications were observed in either group. CONCLUSION: In treating patients with habitual dislocation of the TMJ, the use of arthroscopic eminoplasty produces clinical outcomes that are as effective as those obtained with the use of conventional open eminectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Does joint effusion on T2 magnetic resonance images reflect synovitis? Part 3. Comparison of histologic findings of arthroscopically obtained synovium in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between the volume of joint effusion (JE), determined by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and microscopic findings of synovial inflammation in internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). STUDY DESIGN: Magnetic resonance images of 53 symptomatic TMJs (53 patients) associated with painful hypomobility were taken to evaluate the degree of JE on a scale of 0 to 3. Within 2 months after MRI, biopsy specimens obtained by arthroscopy were quantitatively assessed, on the basis of Gynther's grading system, for severity of hyperplasia of synovial lining cell layers, vascularity, and the presence of inflammatory cells. Each synovitis score was compared among the 4 JE grades, as well as between 2 groups-effusion present (grades 2 and 3) and effusion absent (grades 0 and 1)-by using the Spearman correlation coefficiency and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The distribution of JE was as follows: 14 joints had grade 0, 9 joints had grade 1, 19 joints had grade 2, and 11 joints had grade 3. Significant relationships were found between the grades of JE and scores of synovial lining cell layers (P =.0012) as well as between the grades of JE and scores of presence of inflammatory cells (P =.0064). The joints with effusion had significantly higher scores for synovial lining cell layers (2.0 +/- 0.2) than the joints without effusion (1.3 +/- 0.2) (P =.029). There was no statistically significant correlation between the scores of vascularity and JE (P =.394). CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of JE on MRI might correlate with synovial inflammatory activity. It confirms the common consensus that JE probably reflects synovitis, especially when synovial hyperplasia has a key role in the pathogenesis of JE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Tumor necrosis factor increases MUC1 mRNA in cultured human nasal epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins which are normally expressed on the surface of a variety of epithelia. It is possible that shedding of such molecules from the epithelium could play a role in preventing bacterial colonization at the mucosal surface. Immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analyses of human inferior turbinates have shown the existence of MUC1 mucin in nasal mucosa. However, the regulatory mechanisms of MUC1 mucin are poorly understood. In order to clarify the modulation of mucin gene expression, we developed a real-time semi-quantitative RT-PCR based on TaqMan fluorescence methodology to quantify MUC1 mRNA in primary cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: HNECs were stimulated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (20 pg/ml to 20 ng/ml) for specified time periods (0, 12, 24 and 48 h) and MUC1 mRNA was determined by means of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: Significant increases in MUC1 gene expression in HNECs were initially detected at 12 h, peaking at 24 h after stimulation. TNF-mediated MUCI mRNA expression at 24 h was significantly inhibited by co-incubation with human recombinant soluble TNF receptor. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-mediated MUC1 gene expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of human inflammatory upper airway disorders. Also, our mucin mRNA real-time PCR provides a quantitative method for investigating the regulation of mucin gene expression in both healthy and diseased samples.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Bradykinin expression in synovial tissues and synovial fluids obtained from patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint.

Bradykinin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis by virtue of the potent pro-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of bradykinin in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We examined 33 TMJ synovial biopsy specimens from 31 patients with internal derangement of the TMJ by an immunohistochemical technique using specific antibodies. We also determined the concentration of bradykinin in 20 synovial fluids from 18 patients with TMJ internal derangement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These data were compared with those of the control subjects. Bradykinin was predominantly localized in the synovial lining cell layer of TMJ samples obtained from patients with TMJ internal derangement. Bradykinin was also detected in 19 patients' TMJ synovial fluids and the average of bradykinin concentration in the synovial fluids of patients was higher than that of the healthy controls. Although a statistically significant correlation was not observed, these findings support the hypothesis that bradykinin may also be involved in the pathogenesis of TMJ pain and synovitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Association between changes in plasma calcium concentration and plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in periparturient cows.

Eight periparturient Holstein Friesian cows were examined for plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity to assess the degree of bone metabolic activity and to evaluate the association between the change in calcium (Ca) concentration and bone metabolism during the periparturient period. Milk fever occurred in 1 of 8 cows just after parturition. Plasma TRAP activities did not markedly change in 5 of 8 cows during the experimental period. The changing rate of Ca between preparturition and just after parturition was under -20% in 3 of 8 cows, and low TRAP activities were observed in 2 of these 3 cows. This study suggests that cows with a low TRAP activity are at risk of developing milk fever in comparison to cows with high TRAP activity. Temporary increases of parathyroid hormone were observed in 7 cows, but not in the cow with milk fever.

Acid Phosphatase↗