Biomedical subjects

Jun Ying

Publications and source records attributed to Jun Ying.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Distribution of stage I lung cancer growth rates determined with serial volumetric CT measurements.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the distribution of stage I lung cancer growth rates with serial volumetric computed tomographic (CT) measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. The informed consent requirement was waived. Patients (n = 149) with stage I lung cancer who underwent two pretreatment CT examinations 25 or more days apart were identified. At the first and last examinations, tumor perimeters were manually inscribed by using software tools and the cross-sectional area was calculated. To calculate tumor volume, the summed areas were multiplied by the section increment and a formula was applied to reduce partial volume effects. Doubling time (DT) was calculated by using the volume and interscanning interval. The percentages of tumors that would surpass volume increase thresholds of 5%-25% for detectable growth at different time intervals were calculated. Age at diagnosis was compared with the reciprocal of DT, time interval between CT examinations, and initial tumor volume by using Pearson correlation. P < .05 denoted statistical significance. RESULTS: Lung cancer was stage IA in 99 patients and stage IB in 50. Median patient age was 72 years, and median interscanning interval was 130 days. Median tumor volumes were 3000 and 6213 mm3 at the first and last examinations, respectively. Median DT was 207 days; 21 tumors did not increase in volume between examinations. The interscanning interval required for 90% of growing tumors to surpass the growth threshold ranged from 8 weeks (5% threshold) to 37 weeks (25% threshold). Fifty-three percent of growing tumors would surpass the 25% threshold at 8 weeks, and 95% would surpass it at 1 year. Age at diagnosis was negatively correlated with growth rate (P = .047); there was no correlation between growth rate and either age at diagnosis or interscanning interval. CONCLUSION: At serial volumetric CT measurements, there was wide variability in growth rates. Some biopsy-proved cancers decreased in volume between examinations.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Severe hypospadias repair: reconstructing penis, scrotum and urethra].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical technic of re-shape penis and scrotum, as well as construct urethra in severe hypospadias patients. METHODS: Twenty-two cases of perineal hypospadias with abnormal penis and scrotum were involved in operative repair. All the patients underwent two-stage of repair technic. The penis sponge were completely stretched out and uprighted in the first-stage. Foreskin and partial penis back skin was transferred into the ventral of penis and scrotum crack. At second-stage, urethroplasty was performed using bladder mucosa folded into half tube that sutured with urothra plate to reconstruct the urothra. The scrotum were re-shaped using foreskin and skinflap. RESULTS: The operation's successful rate was 68% (15/22). There were 7 cases (32%) suffered from urethrocutaneous fistula and recovered after repair. Five cases (23%) occurred stricture of urethra and were treated by urethra dilatation. The appearance of penis and scrotum in 22 cases were satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: The operative methods should be made according to the type of hypospadias and of scrotum. The technic were effective on severe hypospadias with abnormal scrotum, even for the patients who need more than 10 cm urethra construct. The appearance of penis and scrotum were satisfied after following up.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV: validating a case definition and identifying clinical predictors in persons initiating antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND: Clinical deterioration after initiation of antiretroviral therapy may result from restored immunity. There is no standard clinical definition for immune reconstitution syndrome. The objectives of this study were to validate a proposed definition and to identify factors predictive of immune reconstitution syndrome. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study from an academic university medical practice. Cases were matched to > or =2 control subjects by CD4+ cell count at the time of initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Cases and "mock cases" were blindly reviewed by 2 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experts. RESULTS: Twenty possible cases of immune reconstitution syndrome were identified; HIV experts excluded all cases of herpes zoster (shingles), with agreement on real and mock cases of 92%. For 14 confirmed case patients (compared with 40 control subjects), immune reconstitution syndrome was associated with a higher number of prior opportunistic infections (P=.003) and higher CD8+ cell counts at baseline (P=.05) and at week 12 (P=.02). Immune reconstitution syndrome was associated with lower baseline levels of alanine aminotransferase (P=.05) and hemoglobin (P=.02). On multivariate analysis, the number of prior opportunistic infections (odds ratio, 2.7; P=.007) and lower hemoglobin level at baseline (odds ratio, 0.8; P=.003) were independently associated with development of immune reconstitution syndrome. A predictive model was defined by classification and regression tree analysis with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.57% and 87.50%, respectively, for an importance score of > or =4 (on a scale of 0.0 to 100.0), and 92.86% and 80.00%, respectively, for a score of > or =2, using the number of prior opportunistic infections, CD8+ cell count, and hemoglobin level. CONCLUSIONS: A standard definition for immune reconstitution syndrome is possible. Patients with a greater severity of illness at initiation of antiretroviral therapy are at risk for immune reconstitution syndrome. The model defined by classification and regression tree analysis may provide a basis for risk stratification before initiation of antiretroviral therapy.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed2006

Atrophic remodeling of the transplanted rat heart.

We have previously shown that the common feature of both pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and atrophy is a reactivation of the fetal gene program. Although gene expression profiles and signal transduction pathways in pressure overload hypertrophy have been well studied, little is known about the mechanisms underlying atrophic remodeling of the unloaded heart. Here, we induced atrophic remodeling by heterotopic transplantation of the rat heart. The activity parameters of three signal transduction pathways important in hypertrophy, i.e. mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), were interrogated. Gene expression of upstream stimuli--insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2)--and metabolic correlates, i.e. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARalpha-regulated genes, of these pathways were also measured. In addition, we measured transcript levels of genes known to regulate skeletal muscle atrophy, all of which are negatively regulated by IGF-1 (Mafbx/Atrogin-1, MuRF-1). Atrophic remodeling of the heart was associated with increased expression of IGF-1 and FGF-2. Transcript levels of the nuclear receptor PPARalpha were decreased, as were the levels of PPARalpha-regulated genes. Furthermore, there was phosphorylation of ERK1, STAT3, and p70S6K with unloading. Consistent with the increase in IGF-1, we found a decrease in Mafbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 transcript levels. Rapamycin administration at 0.8 mg/kg/day for 7 days resulted in enhanced atrophy and attenuated the phosphorylation of ERK1, STAT3, and p70S6K without altering gene expression. We conclude that there is significant crosstalk between the mTOR, MAP kinase, and JAK/STAT signaling cascades. Furthermore, ubiquitin ligases, known to be essential for skeletal muscle atrophy, decrease in unloading-induced cardiac atrophy.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Acute effects of percutaneous tract dilation on renal function and structure.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is performed on a routine basis for the rapid and efficient removal of large caliceal stones. After percutaneous puncture, rigid dilators or an inflatable balloon are used to dilate the nephrostomy tract to allow access to the collecting system for stone removal. Little is known of the acute impact of tract dilation procedures on renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared renal hemodynamic and excretory function in female pigs immediately before and up to 5 hours after percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) using sequential Amplatz dilators (N = 8) or Nephromax balloon inflation (N = 7) and control pigs with no PCN access (N = 8). We also examined renal function in patients undergoing PCNL. RESULTS: The two PCN procedures produced a renal lesion of comparable size and morphology, as well as similar changes in renal function. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), and urinary sodium excretion (U(Na)V) were significantly reduced in Amplatz- and Nephromax-treated kidneys throughout the 5-hour observation period, by about 50%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. In control pigs, GFR and RPF remained stable and U(Na)V declined progressively to about 50% of baseline over the course of the experiment. The contralateral kidney showed changes in renal function similar to those in the PCN-treated or control kidney in all three groups. A retrospective analysis of 196 adults with normal renal function who underwent unilateral PCNL using the Nephromax balloon dilator revealed a significant increase in serum creatinine of 0.14 mg/dL at 1 day. CONCLUSION: Both animal and human studies show that PCN is associated with an acute decline in renal function.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Reducing shock number dramatically decreases lesion size in a juvenile kidney model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Adult stone patients are treated with several thousand lithotripter shockwaves (SWs) in order to pulverize a kidney stone. This typical clinical dose assures that the stone will be fractured completely. However, this same dose induces damage to the kidney, especially pediatric-size kidneys. If increasing SW number is known to increase renal injury and functional impairment, will reducing SW number below typical treatment levels significantly decrease kidney damage and hemodynamic changes? MATERIALS AND METHODS: To address this question, one kidney in each of nine juvenile pigs (6-7 weeks old) was treated with 1000 SWs at 24 kV directed at a lower-pole calix with an unmodified HM-3 lithotripter. Parenchymal-lesion size was determined by sectioning the entire kidney and quantitating the amount of hemorrhage in each slice. Renal function was determined before and after SW treatment by inulin clearance, paraaminohippurate (PAH) extraction, and PAH clearance. The resulting morphologic and functional changes were then compared with those of kidneys that had been treated with a typical clinical dose of 2000 SWs (data previously published; J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:310). Eleven pigs were utilized as sham-treated controls. RESULTS: Limiting SW number to 1000 significantly reduced the size of the lesion (by 95%) and reduced the degree of functional change (glomerular filtration rate by 38%, PAH extraction by 73%, renal plasma flow by 46%) compared with kidneys receiving 2000 SWs (an adult dose). CONCLUSIONS: These data support the idea that SW number should be reduced to the lowest number that fractures kidney stones in order to minimize renal injury and functional impairment.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Validation of 18F-fluoro-4-thia-palmitate as a PET probe for myocardial fatty acid oxidation: effects of hypoxia and composition of exogenous fatty acids.

UNLABELLED: Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the predominant energy-producing pathway in the healthy heart. Abnormalities in FAO are associated with many ischemic and nonischemic disease states. The aim of the present study was to further validate 16-[(18)F]-fluoro-4-thia-palmitate ((18)F-FTP) as a metabolically trapped FAO probe in the isolated perfused rat heart model by examining both the effects of hypoxia and the effects of changes in exogenous fatty acid availability. METHODS: Hearts were excised from Sprague-Dawley rats and perfused in the Langendorff mode with Krebs-Henseleit solution under the following conditions: palmitate at 0.4 mmol/L with 95% oxygen, palmitate at 0.4 mmol/L with 35% oxygen, palmitate at 0.2 mmol/L plus oleate at 0.2 mmol/L with 95% oxygen, and palmitate at 0.2 mmol/L plus oleate at 0.2 mmol/L with 35% oxygen. Hearts were paced at 270 beats per minute, and the rate of left ventricular pressure change (LV dP/dt) was monitored. (18)F-FTP in the perfusion medium was administered for 20 min, and this step was followed by a 20-min washout period without tracer in the perfusion medium. (18)F kinetics in the whole heart were monitored externally, and the time-activity curves were analyzed to determine the fractional trapping rate for (18)F-FTP (FTR(FTP)). A "lumped constant" (LC) was defined as the ratio of FTR(FTP) to the fractional rate of oxidation of fatty acid in the perfusion medium. RESULTS: The kinetic data for (18)F-FTP demonstrated metabolic trapping of (18)F radioactivity that was insensitive to changes in the mixture of fatty acids in the perfusion medium but that was sensitive to the inhibition of mitochondrial FAO by hypoxia. LV dP/dt was reduced 47%-67% in hypoxic hearts relative to hearts with normal oxygenation (controls). FAO rates for palmitate and oleate were similar in group 3 (palmitate alone) and group 4 (palmitate and oleate). FAO was decreased 70%-76% with hypoxia, whereas FTR(FTP) was reduced 86%-88%, demonstrating hypersensitivity of a change in (18)F-FTP retention to FAO inhibition by oxygen deprivation. The (18)F-FTP LC was approximately 2 in myocardium with normal oxygenation and fell to 1.0-1.2 in hypoxic myocardium. CONCLUSION: The results confirm (18)F-FTP to be a metabolically trapped palmitate analog that is capable of indicating rates of myocardial oxidation of exogenous long-chain fatty acids. The heterogeneous nature of fatty acids in plasma does not alter the quantitative analysis of (18)F-FTP kinetics. However, the decreased LC value in hypoxic myocardium suggests the need to develop an understanding of the relationship of (18)F-FTP processing to natural fatty acids at key limiting transport and metabolism processes, analogous to previous studies examining the LC values for radiolabeled deoxyglucose tracers used to estimate the glucose metabolic rate.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Prevention and treatment of erectile dysfunction during peri-operation period of radical retropubic prostatectomy].

The incidence of prostatic cancer rises with increasing age and early diagnosis rate of the disease keeps increasing at the same time. Early diagnosis provides opportunities for radical prostatectomy to cure prostatic cancer. However, the problem of erectile dysfunction (ED) post operation puzzles urologists and exerts negative impacts on the patients life quality. Study on the prevention and treatment of peri-operational ED is of great importance to dwindle the occurrence rate of ED and is the key to improve the life quality of such patients.

Erectile Dysfunction↗

PubMed2006

[One case report of primary penile malignant lymphoma (with a review of 24 case reports)].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early diagnosis and early treatment of primary penile malignant lymphoma. METHODS: One case of rare primary penile malignant lymphoma was studied with regard to its primary clinical process and characteristics, differential diagnosis and therapeutic method. The application value of the immunohistochemical features, in clinical diagnosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Surgical treatment of removing the penis, testes and scrotum was carried out, followed by chemotherapy went. The immunohistochemical tests showed CD56, granzyme B, perforin and cytoplasmic CD3epsilon to be positive, and surface CD3 negative. CONCLUSION: Primary malignant lymphoma of the penis, though rare clinically, may be treated effectively if diagnosed early. Wedge biopsy with histological examination and immunohistochemical tests is the most common method for definite diagnosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Comparison of fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence and modified STIR sequence in the evaluation of the rotator cuff tendon.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine whether a modified version of the classic STIR sequence provides similar information about the integrity of the rotator cuff tendon as the commonly used fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive MRI examinations of the shoulder in 57 patients were performed using a coronal oblique T1-weighted spin-echo sequence, a modified version of the STIR sequence, and a fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence. Three reviewers independently assessed the rotator cuff tendon using the coronal oblique modified inversion recovery sequence and T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. After a minimum of 4 weeks, reviewers assessed the rotator cuff tendon using the fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence and T1-weighted spin-echo sequence. The kappa statistic was used to measure the degree of concordance between interpretations when each sequence was used independently. The conditional probability that a full- and a partial-thickness tear would be diagnosed on both sequences was calculated. Image quality was assessed in a side-by-side comparison. RESULTS: The overall weighted kappa score was 0.82, which indicates excellent concordance between the two sequences. If a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff tendon was found on the fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence, there was a 94.1% probability that the same conclusion would be reached using the modified inversion recovery sequence. If a partial-thickness tear was found on the fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence, there was an 80.3% probability that the same conclusion would be reached with the modified inversion recovery sequence. Fat suppression in the modified inversion recovery sequence was superior to that in the T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence in 26-39% of the examinations. CONCLUSION: The modified inversion recovery sequence and fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence provide similar information about the integrity of the rotator cuff tendon.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Pre- and post-prostatectomy variation and supplement of sexual hormones in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the variation of sexual hormones (T and fT) before and after prostatectomy and their post-operative supplement in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: Sixty-four cases of BPH were randomly divided into a treatment group (Group I, n = 25) and a control group (Group II, n = 39). Plasma LH, FSH, T and fT were measured by radioimmunoassay a week before and two weeks after prostatectomy. After operation, Group I received supplement of testosterone undecanoate, while Group II received none. RESULTS: The variations of plasma LH, FSH, T and fT were not statistically significant in the two groups before prostatectomy (P > 0.05), but obviously less in Group I than in Group II after operation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Testosterone supplement is a useful therapy for post-prostatectomy patients with androgen deficiency.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Correlation of age and sex hormones to the transition zone volume of the prostate].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of age and sex hormones to the total volume (TV) and transition zone volume METHODS: Eighty-two men were divided into two groups with the age of 60 as the dividing line. Prostatic TV (TZV and TZV were measured with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and the concentrations of total testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT) and estradiol (E2) were measured with radioimmunoassay. Exponential curve regression and one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Age was significantly correlated with TV, TZV and the TZV/TV ratio, P < 0.01. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of fT and TZV, a negative correlation between those of E2 and TZV (P < 0.01), but no correlation between those of T and TZV (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The significant acceleration of the TZV of the prostate after the age of 60 is related to sex hormones.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Suspected acute pulmonary embolism: evaluation with multi-detector row CT versus digital subtraction pulmonary arteriography.

PURPOSE: To determine diagnostic accuracy of four-channel multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) in emergency room and inpatient populations suspected of having acute pulmonary embolism (PE) who prospectively underwent both CT and pulmonary arteriography (PA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients referred for PA to assess suspected PE were eligible. Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. All patients underwent CT and PA within a 48-hour period. For CT, 4 x 2.5-mm collimation was used. Three readers independently evaluated each study for PE presence. PE status, vessel level, and lobar location were determined by means of majority rule, and interobserver agreement (kappa) was calculated for PE status, as assessed with each modality. Sensitivity and specificity of CT were calculated by using PA as the reference standard. Two radiologists later reviewed false-positive CT studies. RESULTS: The study group comprised 93 patients (median age, 56 years; range, 19-88 years). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT were 100%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. kappa values were 0.71 and 0.83 for CT and PA, respectively, and were not significantly different between modalities. At PA, 18 patients (19%) had PE at 50 vessel levels (five main and/or interlobar, 24 segmental, and 21 subsegmental), 17 (94%) of which had PE at multiple sites. At CT, 26 patients (28%) had PE at 71 vessel levels (24 main and/or interlobar, 33 segmental, and 14 subsegmental). Twenty patients (77%) had PE at multiple sites. Review of eight false-positive CT studies showed an appearance highly suggestive of acute PE in three patients, chronic PE in one, and no PE in three; one study was inconclusive. CT better demonstrated large-level vessel involvement (P < .01), while PA better demonstrated small-level vessel involvement (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CT has an accuracy of 91% in the depiction of suspected acute PE when conventional PA is used as the reference standard.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

[Combined treatment for pain from bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of combined treatment of hormone therapy with strontium-89 for pain from bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: Sixteen patients with metastasis prostate cancer received hormone therapy with strontium-89 chloride (89Sr), and 4 of them received radiotherapy. RESULTS: The pain was relieved. Relief occurred in 75.6% of the patients for 3 months, 80.5% for 6 months and 63.4% for 9 months. CONCLUSION: Hormone therapy enhances the effect of 89Sr without obvious toxicity. The combined treatment not only significantly raises pain palliation, prolongs pain-free survival, but improves the patients life quality.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[The positive effect of sildenafil on LUTS from BPH while treating ED].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in men, and to assess the positive effect of Sildenafil on the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from BPH while treating ED. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with ED and BPH were offered oral Sildenafil and reviewed before and six months after the administration of Sildenafil by the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaires. Scores were tested by chi-square. RESULTS: IIEF-5 scores were increased by 42.36% and IPSS scores declined by 20.14%, with statistical significance (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Treatment of ED with Sildenafil appears to improve urinary symptom scores. A lower IPSS at baseline seems to predict a better response to Sildenafil therapy for ED.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Atrophic remodeling of the heart in vivo simultaneously activates pathways of protein synthesis and degradation.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical unloading of the heart results in atrophic remodeling. In skeletal muscle, atrophy is associated with inactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and upregulation of critical components of the ubiquitin proteosome proteolytic (UPP) pathway. The hypothesis is that mechanical unloading of the mammalian heart has differential effects on pathways of protein synthesis and degradation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a model of atrophic remodeling induced by heterotopic transplantation of the rat heart, we measured gene transcription, protein expression, polyubiquitin content, and regulators of the mTOR pathway at 2, 4, 7, and 28 days. In atrophic hearts, there was an increase in polyubiquitin content that peaked at 7 days and decreased by 28 days. Furthermore, gene and protein expression of UbcH2, a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, was also increased early in the course of unloading. Transcript levels of TNF-alpha, a known regulator of UbcH2-dependent ubiquitin conjugating activity, were upregulated early and transiently in the atrophying rat heart. Unexpectedly, p70S6K and 4EBP1, downstream components of mTOR, were activated in atrophic rat heart. This activation was independent of Akt, a known upstream regulator of mTOR. Rapamycin treatment of the unloaded rat hearts inhibited the activation of p70S6K and 4EBP1 and subsequently augmented atrophy in these hearts compared with vehicle-treated, unloaded hearts. CONCLUSIONS: Atrophy of the heart, secondary to mechanical unloading, is associated with early activation of the UPP. The simultaneous activation of the mTOR pathway suggests active remodeling, involving both protein synthesis and degradation.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Hypothesis testing III: counts and medians.

Radiology research involves comparisons that deal with the presence or absence of various imaging signs and the accuracy of a diagnosis. In this article, the authors describe the statistical tests that should be used when the data are not distributed normally or when they are categorical variables. These nonparametric tests are used to analyze a 2 x 2 contingency table of categorical data. The tests include the chi2 test, Fisher exact test, and McNemar test. When the data are continuous, different nonparametric tests are used to compare paired samples, such as the Mann-Whitney U test (equivalent to the Wilcoxon rank sum test), the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the sign test. These nonparametric tests are considered alternatives to the parametric t tests, especially in circumstances in which the assumptions of t tests are not valid. For radiologists to properly weigh the evidence in the literature, they must have a basic understanding of the purpose, assumptions, and limitations of each of these statistical tests.

Diagnostic Imaging↗

PubMed2003

[Study of sexual hormone changes in prostate cancer patients before and after androgen deprivation therapy].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate and observe serum sexual hormone (testosterone, T; free testosterone, FT; dihydrotestosterone, DHT) changes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) before and after androgen deprivation. METHODS: Serum T, FT, DHT were measured with radioimmunoassay in 16 cases with PCa respectively one week before and the fifth day after androgen deprivation. The changes of T, FT, DHT were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum T, FT, DHT declined 92.27%, 92.26%, 58.36% respectively. They were statistically significant before and after androgen deprivation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: After androgen deprivation, most T and FT were deprived while DHT declined 58.36% only. Androgen receptor competitor shall be applied continually to prohibit the action of remnant androgen.

Aged↗