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Biomedical subjects

Jun-Young Lee

Publications and source records attributed to Jun-Young Lee.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Partial versus full PTSD in the Korean community: prevalence, duration, correlates, comorbidity, and dysfunctions.

A few studies have been conducted on the prevalence of partial posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but points of agreement and disagreement between full and partial PTSD have not been fully investigated. We interviewed a representative sample of 6,258 subjects, ages 18-64 years, in household visits using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI 2.1). "Partial PTSD" was defined as >/=1 symptom in each of the three symptom groups (Criteria B, C, and D) and duration of >/=1 month (Criterion E). Estimated lifetime prevalence of partial PTSD was 2.7%, and that of full PTSD was 1.7%. A "female gender" risk factor was significantly associated with both partial and full PTSD. The mean duration of partial PTSD was 6.5 years, which was not significantly different from the 5.7 year duration of full PTSD. Traumas associated with the development of partial rather than full PTSD were "natural disaster with fire" and "military combat" in men, and "witnessing a traumatic situation" and "learning about traumas to others" in women, whereas "threatened by others" was more associated with the development of full PTSD. The rates of multiple comorbid disorders and of comorbid major depressive disorder and dysfunctions in work during the 1-month period prior to interview did not differ significantly between the partial and full PTSD groups. In conclusion, partial PTSD did not differ significantly from full PTSD in terms of duration, comorbidity, and dysfunction, but they differed markedly in terms of associated trauma types.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Suppression of interleukin-6 production in macrophages by furonaphthoquinone NFD-37.

Furonaphthoquinone compounds have been reported to exhibit anticancer, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The molecular basis for these diverse properties is not known. 2-Methyl-2-(2-methylpropenyl)-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone [2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (NFD-37) is a synthetic furonaphthoquinone compound. In the present study, NFD-37 was found to inhibit interleukin (IL)-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW 264.7. Further, NFD-37 attenuated LPS-induced synthesis of IL-6 transcript but also inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 promoter activity. Since nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation has been shown to play a key role in LPS-induced IL-6 expression, the effect of NFD-37 on LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation was further analyzed. NFD-37 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on LPS-induced phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB alpha protein (IkappaB alpha), and subsequently inhibited LPS-induced IkappaB alpha degradation as well as NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. In another experiment, NFD-37 inhibited both IL-6 promoter activity and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity elicited by an expression vector encoding IkappaB kinase beta. Taken together, NFD-37 down-regulated LPS-induced IL-6 expression through NF-kappaB activation, which could provide a pharmacological basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of furonaphthoquinone analogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Artemisolide from Artemisia asiatica: nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor suppressing prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production in macrophages.

Aerial parts of Artemisia asiatica (Compositae) have been traditionally used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory and ulcerogenic diseases. In the present study, artemisolide was isolated as a nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB inhibitor from A. asiatica by activity-guided fractionation. Artemisolide inhibited NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7 with an IC50 value of 5.8 microM. The compound was also effective in blocking NF-kappaB transcriptional activities elicited by the expression vector encoding the NF-kappaB p65 or p50 subunits bypassing the inhibitory kB degradation signaling NF-kappaB activation. The macrophages markedly increased their PGE2 and NO production upon exposure to LPS alone. Artemisolide inhibited LPS-induced PGE2 and NO production with IC50 values of 8.7 microM and 6.4 microM, respectively, but also suppressed LPS-induced synthesis of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 or inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Taken together, artemisolide is a NF-kappaB inhibitor that attenuates LPS-induced production of PGE2 or NO via down-regulation of COX-2 or iNOS expression in macrophages RAW 264.7. Therefore, artemisolide could represent and provide the anti-inflammatory principle associated with the traditional medicine, A. asiatica.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A novel method for estimating the safe margin and the adequate direction of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy in choledocholithiasis with complications (with videos).

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to estimate the safe upper margin and the proper direction of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (EBS) in cases of choledocholithiasis complicated by periampullary diverticulum (PAD) or previous EBS. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the clinical usefulness of an inflated-balloon-pulling (IBP) technique for assessing the safe margin and the proper direction of EBS in affected patients. DESIGN: Prospective feasibility study. SETTING: Academic tertiary center. PATIENTS: From March 2003 to November 2003, the IBP technique was applied to patients with choledocholithiasis in whom EBS was difficult because of concomitant PAD or previous EBS. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: After the endoscopically visible papillary roof of the ampulla of Vater was fully dissected, an inflated 11.5- or 15-mm retrieval balloon was inserted in the bile duct and was pulled toward the duodenal lumen, creating an artificial bulge. This bulge was considered an endoscopic landmark to indicate the residual intramural portion and the direction of the bile duct. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients (12 men, 7 women), with a mean age of 61.5 years, were consecutively enrolled. Of these patients, 7 had PAD, 7 had recurrent choledocholithiasis, and 5 had both conditions. The mean length of the IBP-induced residual intramural bile duct was 6.6 mm (range, 3-15 mm). The previous EBS was not oriented toward the bile duct in 4 of 12 patients with recurrent choledocholithiasis (33.3%). After EBS extended completely, choledocholithiases were successfully removed in all patients (1 by mechanical lithotripsy). Of the 19 patients, 2 had complications (11%; 1 mild hemorrhage, 1 mild pancreatitis), which were managed medically. There was no case of perforation. CONCLUSIONS: The IBP technique is a feasible and a reliable method for safe and effective EBS in patients with choledocholithiasis in whom EBS is difficult because of PAD or/and previous EBS. The clinical significance of the direction of previous EBS needs to be defined.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Regional cerebral cortical thinning in bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to explore differences in cortical thickness between subjects with bipolar disorder and healthy comparison subjects using cortical surface-based analysis. METHODS: Brain magnetic resonance images were acquired from 25 subjects with bipolar disorder and 21 healthy comparison subjects. Cortical surface-based analysis was conducted using the Freesurfer application. Group differences in cortical thickness, defined by the distance from gray/white boundary to the pial surface, were assessed using statistical difference maps. RESULTS: Subjects with bipolar disorder exhibited significantly decreased cortical thickness in left cingulate cortex, left middle frontal cortex, left middle occipital cortex, right medial frontal cortex, right angular cortex, right fusiform cortex and bilateral postcentral cortices, relative to healthy comparison subjects (all p < 0.001). Duration of illness in bipolar subjects was inversely correlated with the cortical thickness of the left middle frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical thinning was present in multiple prefrontal cortices in bipolar disorder. There was also cortical thinning in sensory and sensory association cortices, which has not been reported in previous studies using region-of-interest or voxel-based morphometry methods. Cortical thinning observed in the current study may be related to impairment of emotional, cognitive, and sensory processing in bipolar disorder but longitudinal studies will be necessary to test this hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mortality in Alzheimer's disease: a comparative prospective Korean study in the community and nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE: To test a hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in nursing homes have higher mortality rate than do AD patients cared for at home and to investigate the predictors of mortality in AD. DESIGN: A one-year prospective follow-up in Korea. METHODS: A total of 252 subjects (107 in the community, 145 in a nursing home) were longitudinally assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Mortality rates between groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank statistics. Relative risks (RRs) were examined by the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Overall one-year mortality rate in AD was 18.7%. There was no statistically significant difference in AD mortality rates between patients who continued to be cared for at home and AD patients in the nursing home. After controlling for age, group (nursing home or community), severity of dementia, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and vascular risk factors, there remained advanced age [risk ratio (RR) 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.09], advanced Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) stage (RR 1.98; 95% CI 1.41-2.77), longer duration of AD (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04-1.10), presence of tactile hallucination (RR 1.74; 95% CI 1.08-2.78), wandering (RR 1.89; 95% CI 1.18-3.02) and depression (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.10) as independent predictors of mortality in AD. This may be the first study demonstrating presence of tactile hallucination as a strong predictor of mortality in AD. CONCLUSION: This study does not support the hypothesis of a higher AD mortality rate in nursing homes.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Intellect declines in healthy elderly subjects and cerebellum.

Scores of the performance scale of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) declined linearly with age from the 6th decade, whereas those of the verbal scale did not. This decrease in performance intelligence was thought to be related to an age-related frontal atrophy. The relationship between scores of the WAIS and changes in regional cortical gray matter density were examined in healthy elderly subjects using voxel-based morphometry. Thirty healthy non-demented individuals >50 years of age were tested with the WAIS and scanned with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The right neocerebellum was significantly associated with scores of the performance intelligence scale while frontal lobes were not. The current study suggests that the cerebellum may play an important role in changes of intellectual capacity in old age.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb with hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava and the right iliac and femoral veins causing recalcitrant stasis leg ulcers.

We present a patient with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) type IIb accompanied with venous hypoplasia, from the inferior vena cava to the superficial femoral vein. Although it is not obvious whether this vascular anomaly, which is probably congenital, is coincidental or not, it is possible that the 2 diseases have some relationship each other, because PPV is thought to result from abnormal vasomotor activity during the embryonic period. In the diagnosis of type II PPV, careful examination and several studies are required to determine systemic involvement that may include large vessel changes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗