Biomedical subjects

K A Brogden

Publications and source records attributed to K A Brogden.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Failure of experimental vaccines to protect against infection with ovine progressive pneumonia (maedi-visna) virus.

Cell culture medium was harvested from cells infected with ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus and used to prepare killed virus vaccines. Virus was inactivated by either heat, formalin, or ethyleneimine and used either without adjuvant, with Freund incomplete adjuvant, or with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to vaccinate sheep. The sheep produced precipitating antibody against the virus but were not protected against infection when challenged with live OPP virus.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1987

Physical and morphological characteristics of eucaryotic ribosomes and lipopolysaccharide complexes.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Pasteurella multocida or Brucella abortus were complexed with Aspergillus fumigatus ribosomes by mixing and fixation for 3 days in 3.8% formaldehyde. To investigate the nature of their physical association, ribosomes, LPS, and ribosome-LPS complexes were (i) centrifuged in CsCl gradients to determine buoyant densities, (ii) examined by electron microscopy, and (iii) monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ribosomes were found to bind to LPS from either P. multocida or B. abortus, producing complexes with densities of 1.45 to 1.50 g/ml. The buoyant density of the fixed ribosomes was 1.54 g/ml, and the buoyant densities of the fixed P. multocida and B. abortus LPS were 1.41 and 1.35 g/ml, respectively. Electron microscopy showed that formaldehyde-fixed ribosomes were attached to the LPS. Complexing of ribosomes to LPS may be of importance as a potentiator or carrier for experimental subunit vaccines.

Antigens, Bacterial↗

PubMed1986

Breed susceptibility to ovine progressive pneumonia (maedi/visna) virus.

In this retrospective study of breed differences in susceptibility to disease caused by ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus, 29 Border Leicester sheep were compared with 46 Columbia sheep. As judged by frequency and severity of clinical signs and lesions attributable to the infection, Border Leicester sheep were markedly more susceptible than Columbia sheep and experimentally infected sheep were slightly more susceptible than naturally infected sheep. Differences in susceptibility to infection by the virus were not determined.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Complexing of bacterial lipopolysaccharide with lung surfactant.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were mixed with pulmonary surfactant to investigate their in vitro interaction. After 6 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, LPS-surfactant mixtures were examined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The E. coli LPS-surfactant mixture was examined by immunoelectron microscopy with protein A-colloidal gold. The binding that occurred between LPS and the surfactant vesicles resulted in a complex with a density higher than the density of the surfactant alone. The protein A-colloidal gold identified LPS in the LPS-surfactant complexes. The toxicity of E. coli LPS was enhanced by complexing with the surfactant when compared with the intraperitoneal injection into CF1 mice, even at a 64:1 ratio of surfactant to LPS. The complexing of LPS and surfactant in the lung may alter the physiologic properties of surfactant that contribute to the physiopathological changes observed with some types of pneumonia.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Ultrastructure and frequency of mastitis caused by ovine progressive pneumonia virus infection in sheep.

Twenty-five sheep, experimentally (n = 15) or naturally (n = 6) infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus and noninfected controls (n = 4), were evaluated for histological and ultrastructural lesions of mastitis. Histologically, nine of 15 experimentally infected sheep and all six naturally infected sheep had lympho-plasmacytic mastitis. Severity of the lesion increased with length of time after infection. Periductal lymphatic nodules were seen in five sheep experimentally infected for 2.8 years or longer and in five naturally infected sheep that were 3.7 years old or older. Ultrastructurally, responses to ovine progressive pneumonia virus were diffuse lympho-plasmacytic infiltrates in glandular interstitium, lymphocytic and occasional plasmacytic infiltrates in ductal walls and lumens, lymphoblasts surrounded by small lymphocytes in glandular interstitium, and degeneration of epithelium releasing cells and cellular debris into the lumen. Based on the prevalence of lesions, the mammary tissue was more susceptible to ovine progressive pneumonia virus than other target organs: lung, brain, and synovium. Lesions did not differ between breeds of sheep. Ovine progressive pneumonia virus was not seen in the mammary tissue but was isolated from 15 of 17 mammary glands.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Incubation of Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide with sheep lung surfactant.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from a serotype of each of 2 species of Pasteurella isolated from sheep with respiratory tract infections. Lipopolysaccharides from P haemolytica 82-25 (serotype 1A) or P multocida P-1573 (serotype 12) were mixed with sheep lung surfactant and were incubated for 6 hours at 37 C. After incubation, LPS-surfactant mixtures were centrifuged overnight in sucrose density gradients, and fractions were analyzed. Binding occurred between LPS and surfactant vesicles resulting in a stable complex with densities greater than those with the surfactant alone. The surfactant alone had a density of 1.052 to 1.060 g/ml. Diffuse bands of surfactant had a density of 1.075 to 1.092 when incubated with P haemolytica LPS and a density of 1.069 to 1.105 when incubated with P multocida LPS.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Pasteurella multocida isolated from rabbits and swine: serologic types and toxin production.

Pasteurella multocida isolates from rabbits and swine of different geographic origins were serologically grouped and typed. Similar capsule serogroups and somatic serotypes were common to both species. Selected serotypes of both serogroups A and D were tested for toxin production. Toxin-producing isolates from both rabbits and swine were found in serogroup D, but not serogroup A. A correlation was not found between somatic serotype and the capability of an isolate to produce toxin. Noncapsulated variants derived from parent capsulated toxin-producing isolates also produced toxin. The capability of an isolate to produce a toxin did not necessarily make it virulent. The toxins from rabbit and swine P multocida of different geographic origins were antigenically similar. Cell lysis was compared with sonication as a method to release cell-associated toxin for biochemical purification. The toxin was purified from lysates by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatographic procedures. The purified toxin had a molecular weight of 112,000 to 158,000 and an apparent isoelectric point of 4.65 to 4.8. The toxin precipitated at pH near its isoelectric point. Electrofocusing-electrophoresis titration curves of the purified toxin preparation showed it consisted of 2 similar proteins which varied in their capabilities to stain with Coomassie brilliant blue. The proteins precipitated together near their apparent isoelectric point and interacted at pH 9.7.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Immunogenicity of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and the effect of adjuvants in mice.

Intraperitoneal inoculation of CF1 mice with 100 micrograms, 200 micrograms, or 300 micrograms whole cell (WC) or 250 micrograms, 500 micrograms, or 1000 micrograms cell wall (CW) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis induced varying degrees of protection after intravenous challenge of immunity with 7.2 X 10(4) CFU of C. pseudotuberculosis. Generally, the degree of protection increased with the dose of WC or CW. However, intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with 100 micrograms, 200 micrograms, or 300 micrograms heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG; 50 micrograms, 150 micrograms, or 300 micrograms of either muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or trehalose dimycolate (TDM); or 350 micrograms, 700 micrograms or 1400 micrograms Corynebacterium parvum did not induce resistance to intravenous inoculation of 7.4 X 10(4) CFU of C. pseudotuberculosis. The protection induced by 500 micrograms CW was enhanced by adding 100 micrograms BCG, 150 micrograms MDP, or 350 micrograms C. parvum but protection induced in mice by 300 micrograms of WC was not enhanced by adding any adjuvants.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗

PubMed1985

Mastitis associated with ovine progressive pneumonia virus infection in sheep.

Eighteen ewes were experimentally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus and their mammary glands were examined for lesions and virus at 2.5 to 10 years postinoculation. Lesions were seen in 14 of 18 sheep; virus was isolated from 4 of 8 sheep. Lesion consisted of an interstitial accumulation of lymphocytes with periductal lymphoid nodules, and epithelial vacuolation and necrosis at the site of the lymphoid nodules.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Seroepidemiologic survey for antibodies to selected viruses in the respiratory tract of lambs.

A serologic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies to, and infection rate of, Mastadenovirus ovi 5, M ovi 6, parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, and ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus in lambs at a ram lamb growth-rate test station. For 2 consecutive years, serum samples were prepared from blood collected from 1- to 2-month-old ram lambs as they entered the test station (1st sample) and again 2 months later (2nd sample). The 1st year, 59 producers submitted 237 lambs; the 2nd year, 65 producers submitted 253 lambs. Microtitration serum virus-neutralization tests were used to determine antibody titers for M ovi 5, M ovi 6, PI-3 virus, BHV-1, and BVD virus. Antibodies to RSV and OPP virus were determined, using indirect hemagglutination and agar-gel immunodiffusion, respectively. Based on results of the 1st blood samples collected, the mean prevalence for both years was as follows: 95% of the lambs were seropositive for M ovi 5; 87.2% for PI-3 virus; 84.5% for RSV; 41.7% for M ovi 6; 8.7% for BVD virus; 5.4% for BHV-1; and 3.3% for OPP virus. Based on the 2-year mean, M ovi 6 had the highest infection rate (207 of 484 [42.8%]) as determined by the number of lambs evaluated having a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase in serum antibody titer from the 1st to the 2nd sampling. Infection rates of the other viruses were: 31.0% for M ovi 5; 15.3% for PI-3 virus; 5.6% for RSV; 0.6% for BVD virus; and 0.4% for BHV-1. One lamb became seropositive for OPP virus the 2nd year.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Vasculitis associated with ovine progressive pneumonia virus infection in sheep.

Vasculitis, involving small muscular arteries and arterioles, was found in 5 of 18 sheep naturally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus and in 5 of 11 sheep experimentally infected with OPP virus. In order of frequency, arterial lesions were seen in carpal joint capsules, kidneys, meninges, brains, lungs, and tracheas. The lesions were intramural edema and hemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis of media, and thrombosis. The vascular lesions were frequently associated with interstitial pneumonitis, arthritis, and encephalitis also induced by OPP virus.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Arthritis associated with ovine progressive pneumonia.

Chronic nonsuppurative arthritis developed in carpal and tarsal joints of border Leicester sheep that were naturally or experimentally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) virus. Clinical signs of arthritis began at 1 to 6.2 years of age (1 to 5.7 years after inoculation of OPP virus) and slowly progressed in severity until the sheep died or were killed. The joint lesions were characterized by edema, hyperemia, hyperplasia, and necrosis of the synovial membrane; by necrosis and erosion of articular bone; by necrosis and fibrosis of subchondral bone; and by extensive periarticular fibrosis. The OPP virus alone was isolated from arthritic joints. In 7 of 14 sheep, the arthritis was associated with interstitial pneumonitis induced by the virus. Therefore, it was concluded that OPP virus was the cause of arthritis in this group of sheep.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Electron microscopic examination of ribosome preparations from germinated spores of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Ribosomes were isolated from germinated spores (germlings) of Aspergillus fumigatus and electron microscopy was used to determine qualitatively the extent of cellular contamination. After differential centrifugation, the initial crude preparation contained 80S ribosomes and numerous membrane contaminants in the form of membrane sheets, palisade aggregates, and vesicles 0.10-0.18 micron in size. Gel filtration chromatography of crude ribosomes in Sepharose CL-4B did not remove all of the membrane contamination. Homogenous ribosome suspensions, morphologically free of other cellular component contamination, were then obtained after gel filtration fractions were centrifuged through a 35% sucrose solution. The total ribosome yield from a germling preparation was approximately four times the yield of ribosomes from a comparable spore preparation. Gel diffusion precipitin patterns of germling ribosomes were identical to those of spore ribosomes with both germling and spore ribosomes antisera.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Response of sheep after localized deposition of lipopolysaccharide in the lung.

Deposition by fiberoptic bronchoscopy of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pasteurella haemolytica (Type 1A) or Escherichia coli (Type 026:B6) into the lungs of sheep elicited a variety of clinical and pathologic reactions. Sheep given P. haemolytica LPS developed a biphasic hematologic response: a marked decline in leukocyte counts in 4 h that was followed in 18 h by a mild leukocytosis. A gradual rise in leukocyte counts was seen in sheep given E. coli LPS. Neutrophil counts gradually increased after deposition with either LPS, but lymphocyte counts fluctuated with the total leukocyte counts. Body temperature remained normal after LPS deposition. A marked increase in total lung lavage cell counts was observed 22 h after LPS deposition. Up to 83% of the lavage cells were neutrophils. Both LPS induced diffuse fibrinopurulent inflammation, edema, hyperemia, and hemorrhage in the lungs. LPS from P. haemolytica also caused foci of necrosis. In contrast, distilled water caused diffuse edema and hyperemia, with a limited number of neutrophils. Deposition of P. haemolytica or E. coli LPS into the lungs of sheep resulted in lesions similar to those reported in animals with an acute pneumonia experimentally induced with gram-negative bacteria.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in lambs.

Lambs were inoculated IV with 3.2 X 10(3) colony forming units (CFU) to 3.2 X 10(6) CFU of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from a 6-hour broth culture supplemented with 0.1% sorbitan monooleate. After 28 days, multiple abscesses were observed in the lungs and lymph nodes. The number of abscesses in the lungs correlated with the inoculation dose. Two lambs given 10(5) CFU and 10(6) CFU died. Multiple abscesses occurred in other lambs given 10(6) CFU to 10(4) CFU and few abscesses occurred in lambs given 10(3) CFU. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from lung abscesses, inoculation site abscesses, and lymph node abscesses, but not from normal tissues. Because this procedure consistently induced abscesses in the lungs, we believe it will be a suitable challenge system for studies on the prevention of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Comparison of protection induced in lambs by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis whole cell and cell wall vaccines.

Colostrum-deprived lambs were vaccinated IM with 10 mg (dry weight) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis whole cells (WC) or cell walls (CW) and their immunity was challenged by IV injection of 3.1 X 10(4) colony-forming units of C pseudotuberculosis. Before challenge exposure, the logarithmic mean antibody titers were 2.0837 in lambs that were vaccinated with WC, 2.6858 in lambs that were vaccinated with CW, and 1.4214 in control lambs. Significant protection was demonstrated by fewer abscesses and organisms in the lungs of lambs vaccinated with WC or CW (P less than 0.05) than in control lambs. By the same criteria, more protection was provided to lambs vaccinated with CW than to lambs vaccinated with WC.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1983

Prevalence of serologic types of Pasteurella multocida from 57 species of birds and mammals in the United States.

The serologic types of 265 isolates of Pasteurella multocida collected from 50 species of wild birds and seven species of wild mammals over a 22-yr period were determined with the gel diffusion precipitin test. Antigens prepared from these isolates reacted with reference P. multocida antisera representing serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 15. Antigens from some isolates reacted slightly with antisera from more than one serotype. Overall, gel precipitin reactions involving serotype 1 (65%) and 3 (20%) were the most prevalent.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: effects of solubilizing agents on the immunologic properties of membrane vesicles.

Membrane vesicles from lysed suspensions of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida were treated with various solubilizing agents to release protein that may contain cross-protection factor. Potassium thiocyanate, NaOH-glycine, lithium diiodosalicylate, guanidine hydrochloride, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, Triton X-100, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate were each tested as solubilizing agents. Vaccines made from combining solubilized membrane vesicles with complete lysate supernatant fluid produced various degrees of protection against challenge exposure with a heterologous serotype of P multocida in turkeys. Only vaccines prepared from membranes that were solubilized with potassium thiocyanate and sodium lauryl sarcosinate protected as well as complete lysate from turkey-grown P multocida. The amount of protein in each vaccine did not relate to protection. Distinct chemical differences were observed between lysates prepared from turkey-grown P multocida and lysates prepared from 41 C broth-grown P multocida. The external morphology of P multocida, after treatment with lysozyme and EDTA, was similar whether grown in broth or in turkeys.

Animals↗