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Biomedical subjects

K A Harris

Publications and source records attributed to K A Harris.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C infection in antenatal clinic attenders in two regions of England.

The prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C infection in women attending antenatal clinics in two regions of England was investigated to inform future surveillance and control measures. Women booking into antenatal care are routinely offered a test for immunity to rubella. Serum residues from these tests were unlinked, anonymized and archived as part of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme (UAPMP). The serum specimens were tested for anti-HCV using a cost-effective pooling strategy. After taking into account differential sampling from the UAPMP serum archive, the adjusted overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.43% (95% CI: 0.32-0.53) in London and 0.21% (95% CI: 0.14-0.28) in the Northern and Yorkshire region. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified HCV RNA identified type 3a as the most common HCV genotype in these antenatal women. The prevalence of anti-HCV in antenatal women in the UK is low and consistent with that expected from injecting drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The epidemiology of onychomycosis: possible role of smoking and peripheral arterial disease.

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is a relatively common condition the aetiology of which appears to be multifactorial, with both genetic and acquired factors being responsible. In our clinical practice we have observed that smokers and individuals with peripheral arterial disease may have an increased prevalence of onychomycosis compared to normal individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients attending a vascular clinic in a hospital were asked about a history of smoking and peripheral arterial disease. The lower extremity was assessed for peripheral arterial disease. Material was obtained from toenails for mycological evaluation. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-four patients (male 146, female 108; age, mean +/- standard error, 66.6 +/- 0.8 years) were enrolled. Abnormal-appearing nails and onychomycosis were present in 49.2% and 22.4% of patients, respectively. Factors associated with onychomycosis included, increasing age (risk odds ratio [ROR] 1.05, P = 0.002), male gender (ROR 1.7, P = 0.09), smoking (packs per day) (ROR 1.9, P = 0.02) and peripheral arterial disease (ROR 4.8, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The factors predisposing to the development of onychomycosis are multifactorial. Both smoking (number of packs of cigarettes consumed per day) and peripheral arterial disease are independent predictors of onychomycosis. Awareness of these factors may help in the prevention of onychomycosis and the optimal management of this disease.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

The most prevalent hepatitis C virus genotypes in England and Wales are 3a and 1a.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes were assigned to 567 individuals by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 5' noncoding region of the HCV genome following reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The groups of individuals in this study included hemophilia patients, injecting drug users (IDUs), blood donors, antenatal patients, those attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, and patients with chronic liver disease, all from England and Wales. The majority of HCV infections were types 1a (32%), 1b (15%), or 3a (37%). The genotype distribution in individual groups was similar to the overall genotype distribution except for hemophilia patients, in whom the frequencies were 1a (39%), 1b (23%), and 3a (21%). With the exception of hemophilia patients, subpopulations in England and Wales appear to share common modes of HCV transmission. There is a need for continued surveillance to monitor the spread of possibly more virulent or drug-resistant HCV genotypes.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1999

Initiation of remote hepatic injury in the rat: interactions between Kupffer cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and microvascular perfusion.

Severe trauma may initiate a systemic inflammatory response, which in turn may result in remote organ injury. After limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), intravital fluorescence microscopy was applied to the livers of normotensive rats to investigate the initiation of remote injury to the liver. Additionally, we determined whether Kupffer cell activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were involved, via perfusion deficits, in such injury. TNF-alpha, measured by immunoassay, peaked at 30 minutes of reperfusion, but returned to baseline within 60 minutes. Limb I/R resulted in significant increases to global hepatocellular injury measured by alanine transaminase (ALT) and lethal hepatocyte injury as seen with intravital fluorescence microscopy. Although the number of perfused sinusoids went unchanged, a significantly augmented perfusion heterogeneity was measured. After 1.5 hours of reperfusion, both TNF-alpha and Kupffer cells were shown to contribute to global hepatocellular injury (e.g., ALT). After 3 hours, TNF-alpha was no longer essential for this injury, suggesting that some other mechanism(s) activated Kupffer cells and initiated hepatocellular injury. Using propidium iodide and fluorescence microscopy, we found that both TNF-alpha and Kupffer cell activation were necessary to drive hepatocytes toward lethal injury. No additional benefits were observed with a combination of TNF-alpha inhibition and Kupffer cell suppression. These results not only implicate both Kupffer cells and TNF-alpha in the initiation of remote hepatic injury, but suggest that sinusoidal perfusion deficits are not essential for the initiation of such injury. Other mechanism(s) are likely involved in the pathogenesis of remote hepatic parenchymal injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cytokines contribute to early hepatic parenchymal injury and microvascular dysfunction after bilateral hindlimb ischemia.

PURPOSE: Hepatic dysfunction may contribute to death from multiple organ dysfunction after abdominal aortic surgery. Several factors are likely responsible, and the purpose of this study was to determine whether the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are involved in initiating this remote hepatic injury. METHODS: In a normotensive rat model of 4-hour bilateral hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), we measured systemic TNF-alpha and IL-1 levels throughout the I/R period. Rats were randomly assigned to either the 3-hour control group, the 3-hour I/R group, or the I/R group with administration of a polyclonal antibody (PAb) to TNF-alpha (I/R + TNF-alpha PAb). Direct evidence of lethal hepatocyte injury through the labeling of nuclei by propidium iodide (per 10(-1)mm(3)) and altered microvascular perfusion were assessed by using intravital microscopy. RESULTS: Systemic TNF-alpha peaked at 83.97 pg/mL (P <.05, n = 5) at 30 minutes of reperfusion and returned to baseline in 60 to 90 minutes. No significant change in systemic IL-1 was detected (P <.05, n = 4). Alanine aminotransferase increased 2.5-fold in the I/R group through 3 hours of reperfusion (P <.05, n = 4), and TNF-alpha PAb did not attenuate this alanine aminotransferase increase (P <.05, n = 6). Lethal hepatocyte injury increased by 8-fold in the I/R group compared with the control group (P <.05, n = 5), whereas TNF-alpha PAb significantly reduced this injury (P <.05, n = 4). No regional differences in injury were noted within the acinus. Total perfusion within the microvascular unit did not drop; however, significant flow heterogeneity was observed. The proportion of continuously perfused sinusoids declined in the I/R group after 3 hours of reperfusion in both periportal (62.0 +/- 2.2, P <.05) and, to a lesser, although significant, degree, in the pericentral regions (73. 2 +/- 1.73, P <.05). CONCLUSION: By scavenging extracellular TNF-alpha with a PAb, we provide direct evidence that TNF-alpha contributes to, but is not solely responsible for, early remote hepatocellular injury and microvascular dysfunction. The administration of TNF-alpha PAb reduced lethal hepatocyte injury in both regions of the acinus and also improved perfusion in the periportal region (76.8 +/- 5.41, P <.05), but not in the pericentral region. This suggests that TNF-alpha released during reperfusion mediates early remote hepatocellular injury and microvascular dysfunction after a remote ischemic insult.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1999

The effect of mannitol versus dimethyl thiourea at attenuating ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to skeletal muscle.

OBJECTIVE: Mannitol is used as a treatment for skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in humans, despite the fact that its effectiveness in vivo is still disputed. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of mannitol in attenuating I/R injury at the microcirculatory level. METHODS: The study was designed as an experimental study with male Wistar rats. The main outcome measures were intravital microscopy, which was used to measure capillary perfusion, capillary and venular red blood cell velocity (VRBC), and leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of the rat hind limb before and after ischemia. In addition, tissue injury was assessed during reperfusion with the fluorescent vital dyes bisbenzimide and ethidium bromide. Dimethyl thiourea (DMTU), a highly effective therapeutic agent of experimental I/R injury, was used as a positive control. RESULTS: No-flow ischemia (2 hour) resulted in a 40% drop in capillary perfusion, a decline in capillary and venular VRBC, and increased leukocyte venular adherence and tissue infiltration. Tissue injury increased to a constant level during reperfusion. Mannitol attenuated capillary malperfusion during the first 60 minutes of reperfusion and prevented a decline in capillary VRBC. However, mannitol did not reduce tissue injury or leukocyte adherence and infiltration during reperfusion. By comparison, DMTU not only prevented the perfusion deficits and the increases in leukocyte venular adherence and tissue infiltration but significantly reduced the magnitude of tissue injury. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that mannitol may be of limited value for the prevention of early reperfusion-induced injury after no-flow ischemia in skeletal muscle. By comparison, DMTU was highly efficacious by not only reducing microvascular perfusion deficits but by also reducing leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and the incidence of cellular injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Microcirculatory perfusion deficits are not essential for remote parenchymal injury within the liver.

A normotensive model of hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion in Wistar rats was used to test the hypothesis that microvascular perfusion deficits contribute to the initiation of remote hepatic injury during a systemic inflammatory response. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 4 h of ischemia with 6 h of reperfusion (I/R-6; n = 4), 4 h of ischemia with 3 h of reperfusion (I/R-3; n = 5), or no ischemia (naive; n = 5). With intravital fluorescence microscopy, propidium iodide (PI; 0.05 mg/100 g body wt) was injected for the in vivo labeling of lethally injured hepatocytes (number/10(-1) mm(3)). PI-positive hepatocytes increased progressively over the 6-h period (naive 32.9 +/- 7.8 vs. I/R-3 92.8 +/- 11.5 vs. I/R-6 232 +/- 39.2), with no difference between periportal and pericentral regions of the lobule. Additionally, a significant decrease in continuously perfused sinusoids (naive 70.0 +/- 1.5 vs. I/R-3 65.0 +/- 1.0 vs. I/R-6 48.8 +/- 0.9%) was measured. Regional sinusoidal perfusion differences were only observed after 3 h of limb reperfusion. Indirect measures of hepatocellular injury using alanine transaminase levels support the progressive nature of hepatic parenchymal injury (0 h 57.8 +/- 6.5 vs. 3 h 115.3 +/- 20.7 vs. 6 h 125.6 +/- 19.5 U/l). Evidence from this study suggests that remote hepatic parenchymal injury occurs early and progresses after the induction of a systemic inflammatory response and that microvascular perfusion deficits are not essential for the initiation of such injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The effect of luminol on presumptive tests and DNA analysis using the polymerase chain reaction.

This study was designed to test the following factors involved with processing luminol treated bloodstained evidence: 1) The reactivity of other presumptive chemical color tests, phenolphthalin (PT) and tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), following the application of the light emitting luminol presumptive test. 2) The effect of different cleanings of various bloody substrates on the luminol test. 3) The effect of different cleanings of various bloody substrates on the ability to obtain DNA suitable for PCR testing. 4) The ability to extract DNA from luminol treated bloodstained substrates using three extraction techniques. 5) The effect of spraying washed and unwashed bloodstains on various substrates with luminol on the ability to correctly type the DNA using PCR. Our findings indicated that luminol did not adversely effect the PCR testing and did not interfere with the PT and TMB presumptive tests for blood. It was determined that the substrate and the method of cleaning were the major factors affecting DNA yield and the ability to type the bloodstains using PCR based technologies.

Benzidines↗
PubMed1999

Inpatient treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with synacthen depot: a double blind placebo controlled trial with 6 month followup.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the additional benefit of synacthen depot over standard inpatient care for patients hospitalized with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: All patients admitted to our unit with active RA without exclusion criteria were invited to participate and randomized to subcutaneous synacthen depot 0.5 mg on alternate days for 2 injections or 2 injections of saline. Patients, staff, and assessors of response were blinded to the intervention. Assessment [OMERACT set, American College of Rheumatology (ACR) global improvement, dose of intraarticular (IA) or intramuscular (IM) methylprednisolone] was performed at admission to hospital, at discharge, and at 3 and 6 months. Oral prednisone use constituted a protocol violation. RESULTS: Of 137 patients with RA admitted over the period of recruitment, 36 (26%) were enrolled; 31 completed followup. There were no between-group differences in the change from admission of any individual disease activity measure at any time point. However, using a rigorous global response measure (ACR 50%), a difference was detected in favor of synacthen depot at discharge (52.6% of the intervention group improved vs. 17.6% of controls; p = 0.029, number-needed-to-treat 2.86). Patients treated with synacthen depot showed a trend toward more IA or IM corticosteroid between discharge and 3 months (mean dose 56 vs. 31 mg; p = 0.19) and a trend toward more patients requiring a change in slow acting antirheumatic drug after discharge (4 vs. 1; p = 0.27). CONCLUSION: There is some additional benefit of synacthen depot in the hospital treatment of RA, but the effect is lost by 3 months, with a suggestion of rebound worsening in these patients. We postulate that oversuppression of corticotrophin releasing hormone by exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone in patients who already have a hypothalamic deficit may contribute to the rebound worsening of disease activity seen in these patients.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1998

Ischemic tolerance in skeletal muscle: role of nitric oxide.

We tested the hypothesis that ischemic preconditioning (PC) of skeletal muscle provided tolerance to a subsequent ischemic event 24 h later, and that such protection was due to nitric oxide (NO). Male Wistar rats, anesthetized with halothane, were randomly assigned to groups: ischemic (no PC; n = 11), PC (n = 11), PC + N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 micromol/l; n = 5), PC + N-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (100 micromol/l; n= 4), PC + aminoguanidine (AMG; 100 micromol/l; n = 4), ischemic + L-NAME (n= 4), or ischemic + AMG (n = 4). PC consisted of 5x 10 min of ischemia and reperfusion, and, 24 h later, 2 h of ischemia were induced by a tourniquet applied to the limb. With the use of intravital microscopy, the number of perfused capillaries (Npc) in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was measured over a 90-min reperfusion period. The ratio of ethidium bromide- to bisbenzimide-labeled nuclei was used to estimate tissue injury. PC preserved Npc (23.6 +/- 2.5) following 2 h of ischemia compared with sham muscles (11.5 +/- 5.1), significantly elevating inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity (81% increase), but did not afford protection to the parenchyma. L-NAME and AMG prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced reduction in Npc in muscles without PC. However, after 90 min of reperfusion, L-NAME (Npc = 15.0 +/- 1.7), but not AMG (Npc = 22.8 +/- 3.1), significantly reduced the microvascular protection afforded by PC. We conclude that PC of the EDL muscle resulted, 24 h later, in protection to microvascular perfusion only, and that such protection was due to NO from sources other than iNOS.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Canadian human resource needs in vascular surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To outline the distribution of vascular surgeons in Canada and to determine the present and future human resource needs in vascular surgery practice in Canada. DESIGN: Voluntary questionnaires sent to all members of the Canadian Society for Vascular Surgery (CSVS), the administrators of hospitals in Canada with more than 100 beds, and interrogation of the membership database of the CSVS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The perceived present and future needs for full-time and part-time vascular surgeons, determined by a variety of methods. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and forty active members of the CSVS and administrators of 120 hospitals. MAIN RESULTS: From the CSVS members 62 responses were received from those residing in Canada, revealing 47 full-time vascular (more than 75% of the practice) surgeons working with 0 to 5 colleagues (mean 1.8 [SD 1.3]). Fifteen responding surgeons combined the practice of vascular surgery with another specialty. Perceived immediate needs were 24 surgeons, with 42 required in 4.8 (1.8) years. Of 120 hospitals offering vascular surgery services, 90 stated that they met the needs of their community; however, additional immediate manpower requirements totalled 27 surgeons. Hospital administrators predicted a need of 55 additional vascular surgeons in a mean of 5.5 (4.6) years. Over 85% of hospitals stated that they had the resources to support the currently practising surgeons and their immediately required additions. CONCLUSIONS: Prediction of the need for additional vascular surgeons should be based on an estimated retirement age of 65 years, with an adjustment for the increasing percentage of the Canadian population reaching the age of 60 years. All methodologies used in this study predict the need for additional human resources in vascular surgery. The need for continued training of new vascular surgeons is apparent, but the optimal number of trainees per year is less clear.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Leukocyte activity and tissue injury following ischemia-reperfusion in skeletal muscle.

Few studies have correlated the occurrence of leukocytes with the time course of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R)-induced tissue injury in skeletal muscle. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that leukocytes were responsible for not only the onset, but progression of parenchymal cell injury within skeletal muscle following no-flow ischemia. Thirteen male Wistar rats (150-250 g) were randomly allocated to either a control (no I-R; n = 3), I-R (n = 5), or a leukopenic I-R group (n = 5). Under halothane anesthesia, the extensor digitorum longus muscle was prepared for intravital microscopy to allow video recording of microvascular perfusion and leukocyte flow behavior following 3 hr no-flow ischemia of the hindlimb. Tissue injury was assessed as the ratio of ethidium bromide (impermeant dye)-labeled nuclei to bisbenzimide (permeant dye)-labeled nuclei (E/B). During reperfusion, the I-R group showed a progressive decline in the number of perfused capillaries (N(C)) (from 19.37 +/- 0.04 to 3.34 +/- 1.18), while leukopenic and control rats were not significantly different. In the I-R group, the number of rolling leukocytes increased from 4.05 +/- 1.93 to 14.77 +/- 1.33 at the onset of reperfusion and remained stable throughout the reperfusion period. The number of stuck leukocytes, in the I-R group, progressively increased from 1.41 +/- 0.01 prior to ischemia to 4.66 +/- 0.01 at the onset of reperfusion to 11.96 +/- 0.01 after 90 min. The index of tissue injury (EIB) increased asymptotically from 0.60 +/- 0.02 to 0.95 +/- 0.01 after 90 min of reperfusion in the I-R group, while leukopenia significantly reduced both the magnitude of tissue injury (i.e., 35% reduction from untreated I-R group) and the onset of such injury. In spite of the benefit afforded by leukopenia, evidence of tissue injury persisted (20% above control baseline level). We conclude that although leukocytes were responsible for the onset of parenchymal injury in skeletal muscle following 3 hr no-flow ischemia they are not the sole mediators of such injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Intestinal mucosal permeability to 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is increased after bilateral lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion in the rat.

BACKGROUND: Despite successful revascularization of ischemic extremities, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome develops in some patients. Mechanisms responsible for this are not known; however, the gastrointestinal tract has been implicated as a possible mediator. Our objective was to demonstrate increased intestinal mucosal permeability after bilateral hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in a rodent model. METHODS: Sixteen male Wistar rats were randomized either to 4 hours of bilateral hindlimb tourniquet ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion (n = 8) or control groups (n = 8). The animals received 10 MuCi 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) by gavage, and excretion was measured in urine collected every 8 hours in 16 animals and every 4 hours in 8 animals. Arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously. Intravenous normal saline solution (3 ml/hr) with fentanyl (2 microgram/100 gm/hr) was continuously administered. Immediately before death complete blood count and levels of arterial lactate, creatinine, and urea were obtained. Mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested from the ileocecal region and cultured. Distal small bowel and proximal colon were preserved for histologic analysis. An additional 11 rats, six experimental and five control, were evaluated for mesenteric lymph node cultures only. RESULTS: Urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA was significantly greater in the I-R group between 0 and 8 hours (p < 0.02) and 8 to 16 hours (p < 0.0002) of reperfusion. This increase occurred as early as 4 to 8 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.0001). Urine volume in the I-R group was significantly reduced during 0 to 4 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.002). Hemoglobin and lactate level were significantly different in the I-R group. Leukocyte and platelet counts, levels of creatinine and urea, and colony counts from mesenteric lymph nodes were similar in I-R and control groups. Blinded histologic analysis of bowel segments did not reveal morphologic differences. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral hindlimb I-R produces remote intestinal mucosal injury shown by significantly increased permeability to 51Cr-EDTA. Such increased mucosal permeability may be important in the development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome in patients who sustain lower extremity I-R injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The use of arm vein as an alternative conduit for lower-extremity bypass.

A 4-year retrospective review of all cases utilizing arm vein for lower-extremity bypass was undertaken. Thirty-six cases were reviewed. The patients had portions of the basilic or cephalic arm veins, or both, harvested and used as a bypass for limb salvage. Composite grafts using a portion of arm vein were excluded. Information on demographics, risk factors, vascular surgical history, presenting signs and symptoms, surgical complications, patient comfort (arm vs. leg pain), and patency rates was studied. We found that all patients were initially seen with claudication or rest pain, that 22% had gangrenous changes, that there was a male dominance (75%), and that all had previous coronary artery bypass grafts or lower-extremity bypass. Limb salvage rate was 85% at 4 years. Primary patency rate was 71% at 4 years. We conclude that arm vein is a useful and durable conduit for bypass. Patient acceptance and comfort is high.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Dysphagia lusoria: extrathoracic surgical management.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of dysphagia lusoria managed by an extrathoracic approach. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENT: A 39-year-old man, who presented with weight loss and dysphagia. Aortography and computed tomography revealed an aberrant subclavian artery compressing the esophagus against the aortic arch. INTERVENTION: The right subclavian artery was divided at its origin and reimplanted onto the right carotid artery. The operation was performed through a right supraclavicular incision without opening the chest. RESULTS: There was no operative morbidity. Six months postoperatively the patient was asymptomatic and had gained weight. There was no radiologic evidence of esophageal compression. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our case of dysphagia lusoria and the reports of others that have started to appear in the literature, consideration should be given to repairing a symptomatic, nonaneurysmal aberrant right subclavian artery through an extrathoracic approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of tissue viability using intravital microscopy and fluorescent nuclear dyes.

Intravital microscopy used with fluorescent vital stains provides the opportunity to measure the temporal and spatial extent of tissue injury following disease processes. However, this assumes that prolonged exposure to such dyes does not alter microvascular perfusion or cellular viability. To test this hypothesis, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in 24 male Wistar rats, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (Somnotal, 65 mg/kg, ip), were prepared for microscopy. The EDL was either bathed continuously (n = 6) in Krebs solution containing bisbenzimide (5 micrograms/ml; labels nuclei of all cells) and ethidium bromide (5 micrograms/ml; labels nuclei of injured cells) or had dyes topically applied 1 hr (n = 4) and 4 hr (n = 4) following dissection of the muscle. Noxious stimuli (i.e., hypoxia:FiO2 of 8-10% (n = 3), 95% ethanol (n = 3), and 2 hr ischemia followed by 90 min reperfusion (n = 4) were used to test the ability of ethidium bromide, when used in conjunction with intravital microscopy, to differentiate injured tissue. Video recordings at the surface of the EDL muscle were made every 30 min for 5 hr from which the number of perfused capillaries was counted (NCper). The numbers of bisbenzimide- and ethidium bromide-labeled nuclei were counted at the surface of the muscle and at two to three additional locations within the muscle (to a maximum depth of approximately 120-160 microns). The average NCper (19.05 +/- 1.7) remained constant over 5 hr, while the number of nuclei stained by bisbenzimide increased linearly with time from an initial value of 1218 +/- 125.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗