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Biomedical subjects

K A May

Publications and source records attributed to K A May.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Failure of holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy in two horses with calculi in the urinary bladder.

Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy was attempted in a mare and a gelding with calculi in the urinary bladder. The procedure was unsuccessful in producing adequate fragmentation of the calculi. In the gelding, pulsed dye laser lithotripsy was subsequently used to fragment the urolith. Manual removal of the urolith via the urethra was performed in the mare.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Small intestine strangulation by components of the spermatic cord in two geldings.

Two adult Quarter Horse geldings were evaluated for signs of abdominal pain. Both horses had signs of depression and distended small intestines on abdominal palpation per rectum. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed on both horses. In each instance, small intestine was found to be strangulated by components of the spermatic cord. Both horses were euthanatized because of a poor prognosis. Although not commonly observed, incarceration of intestine by components of the spermatic cord should be considered as a cause of small intestine strangulation in male horses. Early recognition of this condition would have increased these horses' chances of survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Chyloperitoneum and abdominal adhesions in a miniature horse.

Chyloperitoneum is a potential cause of colic in horses. Although rare in horses, chyloperitoneum can develop secondary to tearing of mesenteric adhesions and rupture of mesenteric lymphatic vessels. The prognosis for horses with chyloperitoneum depends on the underlying cause and the response to treatment.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

Pulsed dye laser lithotripsy for treatment of urolithiasis in two geldings.

Transendoscopic pulsed dye laser lithotripsy was effective in the treatment of calcium carbonate urothlithiasis in 2 adult geldings. Perineal urethrotomy provided convenient access for standing transendoscopic lithotripsy and evacuation of a large cystic calculus in one gelding. In the second horse, an obstructive urethral calculus was fragmented and removed by a transurethroscopic approach. Pulsed dye laser lithotriptor is effective in fragmentation of the most common form (calcium carbonate) of uroliths in horses and may be performed in standing horses with reduced surgical invasiveness and trauma to the urinary tract, compared with conventional approaches. The principle disadvantages include cost of the procedure, which is comparable to laparocystotomy, and the time delay required to make arrangements for use of the pulsed dye laser lithotriptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of mild lameness in horses trotting on a treadmill by clinicians and interns or residents and correlation of their assessments with kinematic gait analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate sensitivity and accuracy of subjective evaluation of mild lameness in horses during treadmill locomotion and to correlate subjective evaluation with kinematic analysis. ANIMALS: 19 lame and 5 clinically normal horses. PROCEDURE: Lameness was evaluated by subjective score and kinematic analysis before and after palmar digital nerve block (PDNB). Evaluations were made by 6 clinicians and 7 interns or residents. Within- and between-observer agreement analyses (kappa values) were calculated and compared, using a Student's t-test. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between clinician's change in score and the change in kinematic variables after PDNB. RESULTS: Within-observer agreement was within the range expected for conditions of moderate diagnostic difficulty. Within-observer agreement was higher for clinicians than for interns or residents. Between-observer agreement was acceptable for scores within 1 value of each other. Between-observer agreement of change in lameness score after PDNB was poor. When kinematic variables were ranked with each clinician's subjective change in score, only 2 were among the top 3 for the majority of clinicians. Asymmetry of vertical head movement between contralateral forelimb stance phases and the point of maximum hoof height during swing decreased as lameness subjectively improved. CONCLUSION: Mild lameness may be difficult to evaluate during treadmill locomotion. Although clinicians were more repeatable in their subjective evaluation of lameness than interns or residents, they were not more reliable at detecting the true state of lameness. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lack of agreement between clinician scoring of mild lameness emphasizes the need to use more objective measures for quantifying lameness.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Preparing nurse leaders for the future: views from Canada.

Preparing nurse managers for the present and nurse leaders for the future in the Canadian health care system is discussed from the perspective of service and education. The Canadian health care system is undergoing change, as the need to reduce and control costs comes in conflict with strongly held principles of the Canada Health Act. Nurse leaders will require knowledge and skill in transformative leadership to enable nurses to focus on the core of professional practice as clinical settings shift to self-directed, transdisciplinary teams. Nurse leaders also will need skills in building alliances within an increasingly consumer-controlled health care system, and competencies in work redesign and system design and redesign to enable nursing to smooth the "seams" in a high-functioning, but not necessarily well-integrated health care system. Judgment and clarity of vision are needed to embrace conflict when necessary and to prevent the initiation of practices and structures that run counter to the values embedded in the Canada Health Act, and nursing itself.

Canada↗
PubMed1994

Facial shape and judgements of female attractiveness.

The finding that photographic and digital composites (blends) of faces are considered to be attractive has led to the claim that attractiveness is averageness. This would encourage stabilizing selection, favouring phenotypes with an average facial structure. The 'averageness hypothesis' would account for the low distinctiveness of attractive faces but is difficult to reconcile with the finding that some facial measurements correlate with attractiveness. An average face shape is attractive but may not be optimally attractive. Human preferences may exert directional selection pressures, as with the phenomena of optimal outbreeding and sexual selection for extreme characteristics. Using composite faces, we show here that, contrary to the averageness hypothesis, the mean shape of a set of attractive faces is preferred to the mean shape of the sample from which the faces were selected. In addition, attractive composites can be made more attractive by exaggerating the shape differences from the sample mean. Japanese and caucasian observers showed the same direction of preferences for the same facial composites, suggesting that aesthetic judgements of face shape are similar across different cultural backgrounds. Our finding that highly attractive facial configurations are not average shows that preferences could exert a directional selection pressure on the evolution of human face shape.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pregnancy outcome for adolescents receiving prenatal care by nurse practitioners in extended roles.

The outcome of teenage pregnancy when managed in a specialized antenatal program resembles the patterns associated with young adults rather than the outcomes of teenagers in a general clinic. Based on a recent University of California study, this seems to result from three major factors: early prenatal care, nursing management in primary care, and special and consistent emphasis on adequate nutrition. Outcomes were significantly enhanced regarding infant weight and gestational age scoring, 1-and 5-minute Apgar scores, fewer intensive care admissions, and shorter hospital stays when compared to the general clinic experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arthroscopic anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an arthroscopic approach to, and describe the arthroscopic anatomy of, the equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ). STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study, after which the technique was tested in horses. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Ten cadaveric equine heads and 5 normal horses (age, 5-13 years; weight, 425-545 kg). METHODS: Specimens or horses were positioned in right lateral recumbency. After fluid distention of the TMJ, arthroscopic portals were made in the dorsal compartment over the most prominent portion of the joint outpouching (caudodorsal approach) and in rostral and intermediate locations. The joint was explored and photographed. Positional changes in the mandible were made to determine if observation of the joint could be improved. Instrument portals were created to assess the feasibility of surgical arthroscopy. Cadaveric heads were dissected to assess iatrogenic damage, whereas experimental horses were observed for postoperative complications for 30 days. RESULTS: A caudodorsal arthroscopic approach provided the best evaluation of the dorsal compartment of the TMJ. The approach allowed observation of the rostral and caudal synovial pouches and the lateral aspect of the joint including the articular disc. Examination of the medial aspect of the joint was limited to the most rostral and caudal aspects. Access to the lateral aspect of the ventral compartment of the TMJ was precluded by the position of the transverse facial artery and vein. In specimens, iatrogenic damage was minimal and limited to the articular fibrocartilage, articular disc, and penetration of the parotid salivary gland. If the latter also occurred in horses, no adverse effects were noted. In horses, mild fluid extravasation occurred and resolved within 1 day. All horses ate normally after surgery but had periarticular swelling and mild pain upon palpation of the TMJ for 2 days. CONCLUSIONS: A caudodorsal arthroscopic approach to the TMJ allowed adequate observation of the lateral aspect of the dorsal compartment of the joint. Access to the ventral compartment was precluded by the location of the transverse facial artery and vein. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Conditions affecting the lateral and caudal aspects of the dorsal compartment of the TMJ should be visible by arthroscopy.

Animals↗