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Biomedical subjects

K A Meurer

Publications and source records attributed to K A Meurer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Hemodynamic and humoral changes during administration of a sympathomimetic and a sympatholytic drug with special notes on the regulation of renin release (author's transl)].

Studies in normal volunteers documented the positive inotropic effects of Etilefrin-HCL, a direct sympathomimetic drug, with increases of systolic blood pressure, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Sodium and potassium excretion as well as serum potassium decreased. After an additional injection of Metoprolol, a beta 1-sympatholytic drug, blood pressure, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate normalized, whereas electrolyte excretion decreased further. Renin release was decreased during administration of Etilefrin as well as during combined Etilefrin and Metoprolol application. Reziprocal to changes of blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine concentration decreased during Etilefrin and increased during combined administration of Etilefrin and Metoprolol. The results lead to the following interpretation: Changes of blood pressure and renal hemodynamics are mediated by beta 1-adrenergic effects of Etilefrin, whereas the electrolyte excretion is influenced by beta 2-adrenergic effects. Renin release seems to be influenced by beta 1 as well as beta 2-adrenergic receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The saralasin test in the diagnosis of hypertension (author's transl)].

The saralasin test was performed in 68 hypertensives. A clear-cut dependence of the test results on initial plasma-renin concentration and particular sodium balance was demonstrated. Because of this dependence the saralasin test should be performed only under constant conditions. A mild stimulation of the renin-angiotension system by salt restriction to a mean sodium excretion of 50 mmol daily and 80 mg furosemide by mouth 12 hours before the test seems best. In this way essential and renovascular hypertension could be distinguished with considerable reliability (P less than 0.001). Among patients with essential hypertension one could clearly separate those with high plasma-renin concentration from those with a normal or low one. Among patients with renovascular hypertension those with haemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis could with high probability be distinguished from those with non-effective stenosis. A positive saralasin test without testing the function of the normal contralateral kidney does not provide an indication for operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Improved interpretation of renal-vein-renin-ratio by simultaneous determination of renal 131I-hippuric-acid-clearance-ratio in patients with renovascular hypertension (author's transl)].

In patients with unilateral vascular kidney disease and hypertension, ratio of renal-vein-renin was compared with 131I-Hippuric-acid clearance and change in blood pressure during Saralasininfusion. The ratio of renal-vein-renin was positively correlated with the ratio in renal plasma flow between the kidneys in all patients studied. The ratio of renins therefore is a result of two factors: The difference in renin secretion and the difference in blood flow in the two kidneys. In patients with angiotensin independent hypertension renin-ratios up to 2.0 were found without relevance to elevated blood pressure. When the difference in renal blood flow between both kidneys was small, even a slight difference in renal vein renin indicated hypertension related to increased renin secretion. Renin-ratios in the critical range between 1.5 and 2.5 should only be interpreted in respect to a similar ratio in renal blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Reduced aldosterone and sodium excretion in endurance-trained athletes before and during immersion.

Aldosterone excretion (AE) and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in eight untrained (UT) and eight endurance-trained (TR) male subjects before and during 4 h head-out immersion to study the mechanism of reduced renal sodium excretion in athletes. AE was significantly lower before immersion, and decreased less during immersion, in TR than in UT. Fractional sodium excretion, too, was lower and increased less during immersion in TR than in UT. PRA decreased in the water bath in all subjects (p less than 0.001) with no significant difference between the groups. During immersion, plasma sodium concentration oscillated whereas potassium concentration showed a temporary rise in TR (p less than 0.001). The attenuated response of AE in TR may be due partly to this increase of plasma potassium concentration. The generally reduced aldosterone release in TR might be caused by a training induced adaptation of the adrenals to corticotropin. The lowered renal sodium excretion of TR in spite of the decreased AE suggests an intensified aldosterone effect in these subjects, diminishing the salt loss during exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sympathetic activity and transcendental meditation.

Ten male advanced meditators and ten male long-term meditators subjected themselves four times to slight physical exercise following a period of rest, meditation or reading. Daily urine excretions of catecholamines and VMA were determined in both groups. On the experimental days 4-hour urine specimens, one before and one after the experiments, were again collected for analysis. During the experiments blood pressure and heart rate were measured continuously and blood samples were taken for plasma catecholamine levels immediately before and after the physical exercise. Daily catecholamine and VMA excretions showed to be higher in advanced meditators. During the experiments the pattern of noradrenaline, adrenaline and VMA excretions were different in both groups, long-term meditators showing a higher adrenaline excretion after exercise. After the resting period there was in both groups a similar increase of plasma catecholamine levels during exercise. However, after meditation the advanced meditators showed a significant increase in plasma noradrenaline and no further increase in plasma noradrenaline level during the following physical exercise. Also after the reading period differences between both groups in plasma catecholamine levels during exercise could be observed. In advanced meditators heart rate reduction after meditation was about 9% and diastolic blood pressure was slightly raised. The preceding conditions of rest, meditation or reading had a significant different influence on the behaviour of heart rate and blood pressure during the following physical exercise and this pattern was different for both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The importance of changes in whole-body balance of sodium and noradrenaline in essential hypertension (author's transl)].

In 22 patients with essential hypertension plasma levels and urine excretions of sodium and noradrenaline were studied before, during and after long-term beta-blockade with pindolol. The relation between mean blood pressure and the quotient of sodium-/noradrenaline-excretion changed during treatment (placebo r=-0.34; pindolol r=+0.31). During placebo there existed a significant (p is less than 0.03) correlation between blood pressure and sodium-excretion which disappeared during beta-blockade. No correlation between blood pressure and noradrenaline was seen during placebo, whereas during beta-blockade a significant (p is less than 0.003) correlation was observed. In contrast to the placebo period there was a significant positive correlation between sodium- and noradrenaline-excretion during long-term treatment with pindolol. It is concluded that whole-body balance of sodium and noradrenaline is an important factor in essential hypertension.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1978

[A field study with the combination of Pindolol and Clopamid in antihpertensive therapy (author's transl)].

In a field study comprising 678 patients with arterial hypertension efficacy and tolerance of the stable combination VKB 105 consisting of 10 mg Pindolol (Visken) and 5 mg Clopamid (Brinaldix) were investigated. Treatment with 1--2 tablets of VKB per day resulted in a successful therapy in 94% of all patients corresponding on the average to a reduction in blood pressure to 145/85 mm Hg within 14 days. In mean arterial pressures ranging between 120 and 170 mm Hg a positive linear relationship between the individual initial value and the hypotensive effect of the combination could be observed. A controlled omission trial disclosed qualitatively the respective contribution to the effect of the two components Pindolol and Clopamid. With a systematic case control of the serum potassium under the combined therapy with VKB 105 and during a monotherapy with Clopamid and antihypokalaemic effect of Pindolol could be demonstrated diminishing the tendency for potassium loss. The result revealed a far-reaching potassium neutrality of diuresis-depending stimulation of renin by the beta-receptor blocker. In 61 patients altogether subjective side-effects could be recorded, such as vertigo (5%), palpitations (2.8%), fatigue (2%), insomina (1.9%), nausea (1.7%) and vomiting (0.8%). Laboratory controls gave no indication for clinically relevant changes.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

[On the clinical evaluation of therapy with nifedipine in association with various anithypertensive drugs (author's transl)].

During a double-blind cross-over study of 3 weeks duration 42 hypertensive outpatients with prevailingly mild angina pectoris received 30 mg daily of 4-(2'-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonic acid dimethylester (nifedipine, Bay a 1040, Adalat) daily or placebo, respectively. 30 patients (mean age: 47 +/- 10 years, mean weight: 79 +/- 13 kg, mean height: 169 +/- 7 cm) completed the whole study period. The mean recumbent blood pressure was 158 +/- 26 mmHg syst. and 101 +/- 16 mmHg diast., the heart rate averaged 74 +/- 12 beats/min. Under these criteria the two cross-over groups of 14 and 16 patients are well comparable. 6 patients dropped out because of side effects under nifedipind (compared to 2 patients under placebo). With one exception mean blood pressures were reduced by less than 10 mmHg during the application of nifedipine as compared to controls, this being true for systolic and diastolic pressures as well as for different positions during measurements. This result is also independent of the corresponding pre-values measured. The differences between the treatment phases did not reach statistical significance. Clinically a blood pressure reduction of this degree is rarely of consequence. But 3 patients reported hypotensive symptoms about 30 min after nifedipine. Nifedipine did not seem to influence the heart rate.

Adult↗