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Biomedical subjects

K A Nielsen

Publications and source records attributed to K A Nielsen.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

CYP2D6 gene test in psychiatric patients and healthy volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic drug therapy meets difficulties in predicting response in psychiatric patients. The medical treatment of these patients may be improved significantly by systematic phamacogenetic diagnosis identifying the drug metabolic capacities of each patient. Genetic polymorphisms in the coding sequence for the drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6 represent a pharmacogenetic target. METHODS: A cohort (n = 225) representing psychiatric patients seen during an 18-month trial period was included in the project after the subjects accepted a blood sample being taken to analyse their CYP2D6 allelic composition. To investigate any putative difference in allele frequencies among the psychiatric patients compared to earlier publications on allele frequencies in Caucasian populations, another cohort (n = 122) of local healthy volunteers was likewise included. RESULTS: Allelic frequencies in the psychiatric patients and healthy volunteers were indistinguishable. Alleles *1 and *2 encoding for normal enzyme activity and alleles *3, *4, *5, *6, *13/*16 representing non-active forms were found as well as alleles *9, *10, *41 encoding for enzymes with decreased activity. Furthermore, examples of the previously described duplications of *1 and *2, which result in enhanced enzyme activity, were also identified. CONCLUSION: A systematic CYP2D6 gene test of hospitalized psychiatric patients revealed the identification of pharmacogenetically relevant alleles affecting capacity to metabolize antipsychotics. The frequencies of phenotypes in affected patients were 8.4 % intermediate metabolizers (IMs), 8.4 % poor metabolizers (PMs) and 3.1 % ultrafast metabolizers (UMs), whereas 52.4 % were extensive metabolizers (EMs) and 27.6 % heterozygous EMs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Exchange of paraclinical information between the primary and secondary health sectors].

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which, biochemical test results obtained in the primary health sector could be regarded as valid information in the clinical assessment of patients admitted to hospital. METHODS: The study was based on a questionnaire, which was designed to assess the value of historical biochemical data in the initial diagnostic process. The data was transferred from the laboratory of Copenhagen general practitioners (KPLL) database to a computer terminal in the emergency medical ward at H:S Bispebjerg Hospital. RESULTS: It was possible to assess historical KPLL data on close to 80% of all hospitalised patients. In 50% of these patients, doctors indicated that the data always (96%) contributed to the diagnosis. In 70%, the data further contributed to the subsequent planning of diagnostic strategy. With regard to the initial diagnosis, comparison of KPLL data with data obtained on admission always resulted in a further classification of at least one condition. The comparison of KPLL data with admission data always led to a more precise plan for further diagnostic strategy. CONCLUSION: The comparison of KPLL data with admission data, significantly contributes to differentiate the initial diagnostic strategy. In turn, this seems to have a significant bearing on the planning of further diagnostic strategy. It is postulated that a computer-based information system, through which the primary and secondary health sectors can exchange patient-related clinical data, would lead to a more focused use of resources, and hold significant advantages for the patient.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2001

Synthesis, processing and export of cytoplasmic endo-beta-1,4-xylanase from barley aleurone during germination.

We have identified the major endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (XYN-1) in the aleurone of germinating barley grain, and show that it is expressed as a precursor of Mr 61 500 with both N- and C-terminal propeptides. XYN-1 is synthesized as an inactive enzyme in the cytoplasm, and only becomes active at a late stage of germination when the aleurone ceases to secrete hydrolases. A series of processing steps, mediated in part by aleurone cysteine endoproteases, yields a mature active enzyme of Mr 34 000. Processing and extracellular release of the mature enzyme coincide with the programmed cell death (PCD)-regulated disintegration of aleurone cells. We discuss the significance of delayed aleurone cell-wall degradation by endoxylanases in relation to the secretory capacity of the aleurone, and propose a novel role for aleurone PCD in facilitating the export of hydrolases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

CPP1, a DNA-binding protein involved in the expression of a soybean leghemoglobin c3 gene.

Nodulin genes are specifically expressed in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules. We have identified a novel type of DNA-binding protein (CPP1) interacting with the promoter of the soybean leghemoglobin gene Gmlbc3. The DNA-binding domain of CPP1 contains two similar Cys-rich domains with 9 and 10 Cys, respectively. Genes encoding similar domains have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, Caenorhabditis elegans, the mouse, and human. The domains also have some homology to a Cys-rich region present in some polycomb proteins. The cpp1 gene is induced late in nodule development and the expression is confined to the distal part of the central infected tissue of the nodule. A constitutively expressed cpp1 gene reduces the expression of a Gmlbc3 promoter-gusA reporter construct in Vicia hirsuta roots. These data therefore suggest that CPP1 might be involved in the regulation of the leghemoglobin genes in the symbiotic root nodule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Bovine trichomoniasis: Results of a slaughter survey in Colorado and Nebraska.

A total of 2,909 bulls was cultured for the presence of Trichomonas fetus at slaughter at 4 abattoirs in Colorado and Nebraska. Samples were collected using the dry pipette preputial scraping technique and were transported to diagnostic laboratories within 24 h. Of the bulls cultured, 5 were positive. The state of the last origin for each animal was Kansas, 1 bull, Montana, 1 bull, Nebraska, 1 bull, and Utah, 2 bulls. These results indicate and incidence of less than 1% (0.172%) of trichomoniasis in the populations tested, even in the states of Colorado and Nebraska where the larger numbers of bulls were cultured.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[Zenker's diverticulum].

During a period of 25 years, 115 patients with Zenker's diverticulum were submitted to diverticulectomy in the Ear-Nose and Throat Department of Arhus Municipal Hospital. The condition recurred in 18 of the patients treated operatively. In 24 patients (21%), local complications most of which were infective occurred. Ten patients developed paresis of the recurrent nerve and this was permanent in half of these. Thirteen patients (11%) developed other complications which were most frequently infective and one death occurred. It was found that postoperative prophylactic antibiotic treatment could reduce the number of local infective complications significantly and that there was a correlation between the occurrence of local infective complications and subsequent recurrences. No connection was found between the occurrence of local or other complications and the age of the patient. The endoscopic operative technique with CO2-laser has proved a rapid and safe method of treatment which appears to result in fewer complications and briefer periods of hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The influence of tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA) on histamine release from isolated rat mast cells.

A detailed investigation of the influence of tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA) on isolated rat mast cells was undertaken in order to explore the possible involvement of protein kinase C in histamine release. TPA alone could induce histamine release in a medium without calcium, whereas 1 mM CaCl2 suppressed the release. TPA in combination with a low concentration of the ionophore A23187 induced a considerable histamine release. Preincubation with TPA followed by incubation with the ionophore induced a similar release at low concentrations of TPA (less than or equal to 2.5 nM) whereas the response was reduced at higher concentrations of TPA. The inhibition after preincubation with TPA was almost at a maximum within 2 min and was due to a decreased rate of release. TPA could also increase antigen-induced histamine release. After preincubation the potency of low concentrations of TPA increased, whereas higher concentrations (50 nM) became inhibitory. The effects of preincubation were almost fully expressed after 2 min and were not due to altered kinetics of the release. The interaction of oleoylacetylglycerol (OAG) with the ionophore A23187 and with antigen resembled that of TPA, but OAG was considerably less potent. Preincubation with TPA was inhibitory to the histamine release induced by compound 48/80, particularly in the absence of calcium. The release induced by TPA and the ionophore or antigen was calcium-dependent and energy-requiring, and the effects of TPA persisted after washing the cells before exposure to antigen or the ionophore. Preincubation with the protein kinase C inhibitor isoquinolinesulfonyl-methylpiperazine (H7) slightly enhanced the histamine release induced by the combination of TPA and the ionophore.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗