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Biomedical subjects

K A Obisesan

Publications and source records attributed to K A Obisesan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Parameters of nutrition in school girls in southwestern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: To document trends in parameters of nutrition in south-western Nigerian school girls in comparison with earlier reports and provide baseline data for future comparison. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Fifteen secondary schools from the five local governments in Ibadan, Oyo State in south-western Nigeria. SUBJECTS: One thousand six hundred and seventy five apparently healthy female students aged between nine and twenty three years. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred and seventy three questionnaires were analysed. The mean age, mean height and mean body weight were 15.45 years +/- 2.06 (SD), 154.98cm +/- 8.4(SD) and 46.09kg +/- 8.8 (SD) respectively. The mean body fat was 11.12kg +/- 4.6 (SD); mean lean body mass (LBM) was 34.96kg +/- 4.6 (SD); mean total body water (TBW) was 25.17L +/- 3.3 (SD) and the mean body index (BMI) was 19.07kg/m2 +/- 2.7 (SD). Girls from upper socio-economic background had significantly higher values of anthropometric measurements and body composition for each age than lower socioeconomic class girls. Compared with their peers from another Nigerian city investigated two decades ago, girls in this study were significantly lighter and shorter. CONCLUSION: The study revealed a decline in nutritional parameters among adolescents. The implications of these findings for the reproductive health of Nigerian women are discussed. Serial studies to monitor trends in adolescents are recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The pregnant Rhesus negative Nigerian woman.

OBJECTIVE: Alloimmunisation to Rhesus D (RhD) is a major factor in perinatal morbidity and may result in the compromise of the woman's obstetric career. In Nigeria accurate population based studies to determine the prevalence of Rhesus negative women and the incidence of alloimmunisation are lacking, hence we undertook to study pregnancy outcome in Rhesus negative women. METHOD: We studied retrospectively sixty-seven RhD negative women over a two year period; information was obtained from the case-file of all pregnant women who presented to the ante-natal clinic and were identified as Rhesus negative. This was corroborated with the blood bank record over the same period. RESULT: Forty per cent of these were nulliparae with an average of 0.5 abortions. Only 20% had the blood groups of their husbands documented, and only four babies born to these women had their Rhesus group recorded. Six of the babies appeared to have been severely affected by Rhesus isoimmunisation. Three of these had an exchange blood transfusion (EBT); all who had an EBT had a satisfactory outcome. Out of the other three, there were two neonatal deaths and one fresh stillbirth. Fourteen babies had neonatal jaundice with a mean bilirubin level of 6 mg/dl, all of which were mainly unconjugated. Evidence for the administration of anti D was obtained in only three patients; all had one ampoule (dose in i.u and/or _g not stated) administered within 72 hr. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study has shown that isoimmunisation due to Rhesus incompatibility is poorly studied among Nigerian women with many questions unanswered; therefore there is an urgent need for a management protocol for this condition, which will include both the clinicians and the laboratory physicians.

Erythroblastosis, Fetal↗
PubMed2003

Complement levels and leucocyte phagocytosis in newborn babies.

Newborn babies face higher risk of infection than adults, but the immunological basis of this observation is yet to be fully explained particularly in babies of different gestations and birth weights. Sixty-two (62) adults, 55 full-term babies, 18 low birth weight babies and 44 normal birth weight babies were considered for the study. B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes were enumerated by EAC-rosette and E-rosette respectively. Leucocyte migration and intracellular killing were assessed by percentage migration index (%M.I), percentage Candidacidal index (%C.I) and bacterial stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction index (%NBT) respectively. Also, serum levels of C3 and C5 were measured by single radial immuno-diffusion method. Percentage T cell, C3, C5, %NBT and %C.I were lowest in low birth weight babies but % B cell was lowest in full term babies while normal birth babies had least %M.I. The present study suggests that gestational age and birth weight affect different aspects of immune response.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: two case reports and review of literature.

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAs) is an acquired multisystemic disorder characterised by hyper coagulation. It manifest clinically with arterial and venous thrombosis. It is not a rare phenomenon, but there are paucity of reports of this disorder in our environment. We present two cases of APAs with the hope that it will stimulate the awareness of clinicians in the recognition of this disorder in our environment.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1999

Childhood sexuality and child sexual abuse in southwest Nigeria.

There is paucity of information and research on childhood sexuality and child sexual abuse in Nigeria. This low level of information may not be unconnected with the fact that generally discussions on sexual matters still remain a taboo in our culture. It is almost abominable to discuss sex with children. There is need for a radical departure from this position in view of the fact that at least 5% of the respondents in this study admitted having had sex between 6 and 10 years of age and 81 respondents (2.1%) were sexually abused in childhood. The urgent need for more research and a multidisciplinary problem resolution approach to childhood sexuality and child sexual abuse is stressed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Awareness and use of family planning methods among married women in Ibadan, Nigeria.

A study of awareness and use of family planning methods among 1188 married women aged 15-40 years, attending antenatal clinic in four different locations, conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria between May to December 1995 is reported. Most respondents (94.3%) were aware of the use of family planning but only 12.0% had ever visited a family planning clinic. Awareness of specific methods was 82.6% for condoms, 75.7% for oral contraceptives, 75.5% for injectable contraceptives and 65.3% for intrauterine device. Current use of family planning methods was low with 10.0% using withdrawal, 8.1% oral contraceptives, 5.2% using intrauterine devices and 4.7% using condoms. Perceived constraints to the use of family planning methods included husband's opposition, fear of complications and perceived insufficient knowledge about family planning methods. It is concluded that there is a knowledge-practice gap in the use of family planning methods among married women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Improved education strategies and better access to services are needed to solve these problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Health and economic consequences of septic induced abortion.

Over a period of 7 years, 230 cases of illegally induced abortions complicated by sepsis were treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The number of terminations complicated by sepsis doubled from 25.4 (between 1981 and 1985) to 51.0 (between 1986 and 1987) cases per year. Peritonitis was the commonest associated complication while maternal mortality was 8.3%. The average cost of treatment was US$223.11, while the average monthly earnings was US$45.00. Legalization of abortion would have resulted in a saving of US$50,022.28. Provision of legal abortion would reduce the incidence of sepsis after termination while reproductive health education and information dissemination and provision of easily accessible family planning services would greatly reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1992

Presentation and management of eclampsia.

Three hundred forty-seven cases of eclampsia were managed at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria from 1977 to 1986 (9.3 per 1000 deliveries). Thirty-one percent of seizures occurred antenatally, 46.2% during labor and 23.2% postnatally. Only 5% first occurred in the hospital. Seizures were controlled with diazepam, lytic cocktail (chlorpromazine, pethidine and phenergan), sodium amylobarbitone, paraldehyde and bromethol. Maternal mortality was 2.9%, and perinatal mortality 193 per 1000, respectively. Prevention of avoidable factors (absent or poor antenatal care and prolonged labor) by the provision of comprehensive antenatal care will reduce the incidence of eclampsia. Improvement in management facilities prior to transfer to referral centers, the use of magnesium sulfate or diazepam to control seizures and the avoidance of hypotonic solutions and 50% glucose during therapy will reduce morbidity and mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Obstructed labor in Ibadan.

Over a period of 13 years, 380 cases of obstructed labor were managed amongst 39,456 deliveries. Absent prenatal care and poor intrapartum care at peripheral hospitals were major contributing factors. The average duration of labor in those with obstruction was three times that in the normal obstetric population. About 82% of patients with obstruction had an emergency cesarean section while 10% had destructive operations. The main etiological factor was unrecognised positional disproportion. Common associated complications were ruptured uterus, genital and wound sepsis. Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality were high. Adequate health education, incorporation of traditional birth attendants into health care programs and the provision of more health care centers will reduce the occurrence of this complication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Septic abortion at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

One hundred forty-three cases of septic abortion managed over 5 years are reviewed. Sepsis was more common after induced abortion often performed by non-gynecologists. Instrumentation was commonly performed in the homes, chemists and poorly equipped private clinics. Complications were generally severe and maternal mortality was 8.4%. Treatment was individualized but there was no standard antimicrobial regime.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans in the cytology clinic at Ibadan, Nigeria.

In a study of 2224 adult women from the cytology clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, the prevalence of 'specific vaginal infection' (i.e. Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans) was 14.5%. For individual organisms, the rates were 9.76% for G. vaginalis, 2.52% for T. vaginalis and 2.20% for C. albicans. About half of the patients were asymptomatic while others were referred from other clinics with vaginal discharge, cervical erosion, post-coital bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding and various other symptoms and signs. The infections were almost uniformly distributed in all age groups studied. Increasing promiscuity either as a result of increased mobility of husbands (due to economic depression) or increased use of contraception by older women was thought to be responsible for the persistence of these infections in those aged 45 years and above. In addition, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans infections can also be easily diagnosed from cervical cytology, by identification either of the organism or of characteristic cytological cellular changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cervical cancer screening at Ibadan.

Over a period of 44 months, 3171 smears were performed at the University College Hospital (UCH). Ibadan, Cytology Clinic. Of these, 44.2% were in asymptomatic women. Fifty-five point three percent were normal; 15.6% of the smears were reported as non-specific inflammatory changes while 20.1% were due to specific infections. Varying degrees of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) were diagnosed in 8.4% of the smears. The abdominal smears were treated with chemotherapy, cryocautery, diathermy, cone biopsy and hysterectomy. A simplified management plan for a patient with an abnormal smear based on our experience is also presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of oral contraceptives on total serum proteins, albumin, globulins and cholesterol levels in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Total serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and cholesterol levels were determined in 25 subjects on oral contraceptives and 25 controls. The mean serum total protein, globulin and cholesterol levels were significantly increased in oral contraceptive and their control counterparts. The albumin/globulin ratio in subjects on oral contraceptives users is significantly decreased compared with controls. In view of the findings of this study, it is suggested that the biochemical profile of long-term oral contraceptive users be assessed periodically.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haematological values in pregnancy in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Haematological values were studied in 495 apparently healthy pregnant Nigerian women receiving antenatal care in a maternity hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Means, standard deviations and ranges of haematrocrit, total and differential white cell counts, absolute platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rte, prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTTk) were determined. The mean haematrocrit was 0.311 (SD 0.033), mean total leucocyte count was 5.765 x 10(9)/L (SD 1.753 x 10(9)/L) and mean platelet count was 193 x 10(9)/L (SD 46 x 10(9)/L). The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 18.6 (SD 7.4) mm/hour, mean prothrombin time was 12.3 (SD 2.5) seconds and mean partial thromboplastin time was 38.4 (SD 2.0) seconds. There were significant differences between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in nay of the haematological values studied. The study has presented the range of variations in haematological values (including those that measure coagulation) in apparently healthy pregnant Nigerian women. It would appear that in the population studied, there were no significant differences in these haematological values between the second and third trimesters in otherwise healthy women receiving regular antenatal care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infertility and other fertility related issues in the practice of traditional healers and Christian religious healers in south western Nigeria.

Traditional healers have been an established source of health care delivery in Africa for centuries while Christian religious healers (193 traditional healers and 99 Christian religious healers) with respect to infertility and some other fertility-related issues. The findings show that both types of healers believe that infertility is most commonly due to the past life of the woman, physical problems related to the womb or to male potency, and imcompatibity between the man and the woman. Traditional healers also believed that being bewitched or being cursed can lead to infertility. Both groups of healers threat infertility by sacrifices, prayer and fasting, and timing of intercourse to coincide with the fertile period. Also 61% of traditional healers and 87% of religious healers advice their-clients with infertility to do nothing at least initially. To those clients seeking advice on preventing pregnancy, traditional healers tend to recommend herbal concoctions, beads and rings while Christian healers tended to recommend condoms, withdrawal method and the safe period. Both groups are consulted on premarital sex, premarital conception, sex during pregnancy and influencing the sex of an unborn baby. It was concluded that both traditional healers and Christian faith healers are involved with infertility and other fertility-related issues in their practices. There is an overlap in beliefs about causes and treatment of such conditions among both groups although areas of differences in beliefs and practices are clearly identifiable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix simulating an advanced malignancy of the ovaries.

A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed as having stage II squamous cell cervical carcinoma and managed with radiotherapy. Three months after treatment, she presented with features suggestive of an advanced ovarian tumour including gross abdominal swelling, bilateral ovarian tumours, multiple tumour seedlings in the abdominal cavity and ascites. There was also pleural effusion. Operative findings revealed widespread intra-abdominal metastases whose histology, contrary to expectations, showed squamous cell carcinoma of cervical origin. Distant metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix are rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary to detect this unusual mode of presentation.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Routine antenatal syphilis screening--a case against.

To highlight the deficiencies associated with the routine antenatal syphilis screening as it is done now in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, and determine the cost effectiveness or otherwise of syphilis screening using as parameters the specificity of the method of screening as well as the gravity of the disease. The results of VDRL tests performed on pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, in a 10-year period, January 1988 to December 1997 were analysed for seropositivity as well as congenital syphilis. The case notes of 110 sero-reactive patients were retrieved and analysed for pregnancy outcome. The prevalence rate of seropositive patients was 1.1%. Only 3 of the seropositive had repeated tests and were treated empirically with high doses of penicillin. There was no case of congenital syphilis. This study has shown that the syphilis screening as it is done now is not cost-effective. If VDRL test is to be continued, efforts must be made to reintroduce TPHA-test, which is more specific-specificity; it wastes a lot of time and money of the patients. Hence it is not cost effective. If VDRL test is to be continued efforts must be made to reintroduce TPHA-test, which is more specific.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗