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Biomedical subjects

K A Pavlov

Publications and source records attributed to K A Pavlov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Effect of human gastric juice on dimethylamine nitrosation by sodium nitrite].

The study was concerned with evaluation of the effect of human gastric juice (samples obtained from 157 subjects) on in vitro dimethylnitrosamine nitrosation by sodium nitrite versus gastric mucosa pathology (gastritis, polyps, ulcer, cancer), gastric juice pH and nitrate ion level. Also, the influence of gastric juice glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins levels as well as N-acetylneuraminic acid isolated from porcine blood was assessed. An increased nitrosating activity of gastric juice was observed in cases of gastritis and ulcer and in those with low nitrate ion activity. Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins were found to inhibit nitrosation. N-acetylneuraminic acid in the concentrations used exerted no effect on dimethylnitrosamine nitrosation by sodium nitrite.

Dimethylamines↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of N-nitroso compounds in the gastric juice for evaluation of the individual nitrosating capacity of the body].

The article deals with a comparison of the results of human body nitrosating ability determination by two methods: (a) nitroso compound (NC) assay in diurnal urine after oral administration of its precursors, and (b) assay of the same in gastric juice after in vitro addition of precursors. The data for the first part of the investigation were obtained from the literature, and for the second one--from the experiments by the authors. Both studies used essentially identical groups of patients, primarily those suffering gastrointestinal pathology. Since the results matched to a considerable degree, it was inferred that (1) gastric juice is a factor of body nitrosating ability, and (2) in vitro determinations of said ability in gastric juice are fully justified. Moreover, the latter procedure is sometimes more practicable, particularly, in view of the marked relationship between nitrosating ability, and, especially, the efficacy of inhibitors of NC endogenous synthesis, on the one hand, and the individual characteristics of the body, on the other.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1985

[Emergency surgery in complicated forms of stomach cancer in middle-aged and elderly patients].

The data on the treatment given to 312 cases of stomach cancer at city district hospitals in Leningrad were evaluated: 243 patients were more than 60 years old, concomittant pathology was apparent in 231 cases, 252 patients were hospitalized to avoid a fatal outcome and 161 patients were urgently operated on for such complications of stomach cancer as bleeding, perforation, peritonitis, and obstruction. Optimal extent of intervention was not determined in some cases due to the extremely poor condition of the patient, insufficient competence of the operating team and inadequate equipment. Radical surgery was performed in 31 cases, palliative resection--11 and other palliative and tentative procedures in 119 cases. The highest postoperative lethality rate (30.9%) was recorded in cases of minimal intervention limited to suturing of vessels and perforations as well as peritoneal cavity draining. Postoperative lethality was reduced to 15.5% and the same conditions whenever radical surgery, palliative resection or interventions eliminating complications by removing the primary cause were carried out. Removal of primary tumor eliminated complications radically, lowered postoperative mortality rates and improved the end results of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of an operation on the immunoreactivity indices, their postoperative dynamics and the effect of 3-HAA-antigen on these indices in patients with gastrointestinal tumors].

The following parameters were studied in cases of gastrointestinal tumors: 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA)-antigen in blood serum; antibodies to 3-HAA-antigen; immunoglobulins G, A and M (after Manchini); 3-HAA-antigen effect on blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes; 3-HAA-antigen effect on leucocyte migration; blood serum effect on cells producing antibodies to ram erythrocytes, and levels of T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations. The studies were conducted before operation, 4-6, 7 and more months after operation. Tumor removal as well as tumor recurrences and metastases were shown to have an effect on the first 4 parameters. 3-HAA-antigen stimulated the formation of specific antibodies, suppressed blastogenic reaction of lymphocytes but failed to affect leucocyte migration significantly.

3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid↗
PubMed1985

[Endoscopic ambulatory electroexcision of gastric polyps].

An analysis of observations of 68 patients has shown that in certain patients the endoscopic electroexcision of gastric polyps can be fulfilled under conditions of the outpatient clinic. The safety of the operation depends on the patient's state and the preliminary assessment of the following factors: the anatomic shape, polyp size and width of its base. Electroexcisions can not be performed endoscopically for polyps on a false pedicle (due to high risk of bleedings from the vessels of the submucous layer) and plaque-shaped polyps (due to the absence of possibility to put a diathermic loop).

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1983

Minimal breast cancer. Clinical characteristics and treatment results.

Out of 3718 breast cancer patients treated at Petrov Research Institute of Oncology 262 patients [7%] proved to have minimal (less than 1 cm in diameter) form of breast cancer. Treatment of minimal breast cancer provides favorable end-results (5-year survival 91.2%, 10-year survival--79.5%). Nevertheless, minimal forms of breast cancer are also characterized by the ability to regional (in 28.5% of cases) and distant (in 10.3% of cases) metastatic spread. Organ preserving operations (sectoral resection of one block with axillary-subclavicular fat) are often (18.5%) followed by local-regional recurrences of the disease. Application of adjuvant chemotherapy with Thio-TEPA in patients with minimal breast cancer with regional metastases decreases frequency of recurrences and distant metastases by 17.8%.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative evaluation of the results of mono- and polychemotherapy of disseminated forms of breast cancer using the CMFVP program and anthracycline antibiotics (carminomycin and adriamycin)].

A total of 203 out patients with disseminated cancer of the mammary glands subjected to chemotherapy were followed up. Of these, 44 patients were treated according to the CMFVP program, 66 were subjected to monochemotherapy with carminomycin, 42 were treated with combinations of carminomycin and dibromdulcytol, 14 patients received monochemotherapy with adriamycin and 37 polychemotherapy according to the scheme of fluorouracil + adriamycin + cyclophosphamide. In addition to the early-demonstrated efficacy of adriamycin and the Cooper scheme, the comparative estimation of the treatment programs showed that carminomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic made in the USSR, had an obvious activity when used alone or in combination with dibromdulcytol, an alkylating agent, in the treatment of primary extended forms, relapses and metastases of mammary tumors. The data indicate that wide use of carminomycin which is comparatively low toxic is advisable in the treatment of disseminated cancer of the mammary gland.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

[Possibilities of partial and total biopsy of polyps of the large intestine during fiber-colonoscopy].

222 electric polypectomies were performed in the course of fibrocolonoscopy carried out in 114 patients. The results of examination of 172 removed neoplasms testified to the high effectiveness of the procedure in identifying the morphological structure of colonic polyps. Due to application of endoscopic polypectomy, which is essentially a total biopsy, histological diagnosis obtained on the basis of aiming biopsy was improved or modified in 67% of cases. However, aiming biopsy should be used because more than 20% of resected polyps fail to be removed from colonic lumen.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

[Complex diagnosis of stomach polyps].

130 patients suffering from gastric polyps were examined; in 22 cases, malignancies were detected. According to the results of endoscopic and X-ray examination, malignant transformation of gastric polyps does not produce pathognomonic symptoms. It was found that the nature of polyps cannot be properly identified unless, at least, three or four roentgenologic and endoscopic symptoms are considered. Each procedure has proved to be of high diagnostic value. Correct diagnosis was established in 92.5% of cases following the complex application of X-ray and endoscopic methods and in 100% when it was supplemented with cytological examination. These findings suggest a complex application of the said diagnostic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[The results of a dispensary follow-up after endoscopic electroexcision of colonic polyps].

With the help of fibrocolonoscopy 200 electroexcisions of epithelial polyps of the colon were performed in 116 patients. Control endoscopic examinations revealed 24 cases (12,0%) of recurrent polyps in the zone of their excision. A rational method of the dispensary follow-up of the patients after electrosurgical polypectomy during fibrocolonoscopy was elaborated on the bases of studying some factors influencing substantially the prognosis of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[System for organizing the active screening of breast diseases at industrial enterprises].

The scheme of detection of breast tumors includes such measures of complex screening as self-examination, questionnaires, examination by shop floor doctor, fluoromammography and thermography followed by consultation of an oncologist, needle biopsy and use of surgical manuals. Out of 12,862 females examined by the scheme, 52 (0.4%) had breast tumors (early forms in 23 cases -- 44.2%), 254 (2%) -- benign tumors and cysts; 981 (7.6%) -- dyshormonal mastopathy and 522 (4.0%) -- local fibroadenomatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Search for effective means in the early detection of breast cancer].

The results of mass screening survey conducted at the Institute are presented. Three examinations (clinical examination, thermography, mammography, biopsy) of 5,006 females, aged 35 years and older, revealed breast tumors in 43 cases (8.5 per 1,000). X-ray - mammography and clinical examination established tumor in 44.0%; mammography-34.8%, and clinical examination-in 21.1% of cases. Tumors less than 2 cm in diameter were detected in 32 out of 43 cases of breast cancer (74.4%).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Detection of early forms of breast cancer by mass screening examinations.

Data are presented on the results of the complex prophylactic examinations of women at Prof. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of Health for the period of 1976--1980. Four annual prophylactic examinations (clinical method, thermography, mammography, biopsy) of 4823 women over 35 years of age revealed breast cancer in 51 persons (i.e. in 1.05% of the examined women). In 52.9% of cases tumors were revealed by clinical examination + mammography, in 29.4% by mammography alone, in 17.5% by clinical examination alone. In 38 out of 51 breast cancer patients (i.e. in 74.5% of cases) the detected tumors were less than 2 cm in diameter (stage I, "minimal" and preinvasive carcinomas).

Adult↗