Special organism isolation: attempting to bridge the gap.
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Acinetobacter↗
Biomedical subjects
K A Ross
Publications and source records attributed to K A Ross.
Peptide growth factors elicit estrogen receptor-dependent transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive element.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) elicits estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent physiological sequelae and estrogen-like biochemical effects on the ER in the mouse uterus. These in vivo observations indicate that EGF may elicit some of its actions by activation of the ER. The effect of peptide growth factors on activation of a consensus estrogen-responsive element was assessed in a strain of Ishikawa human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells with negligible levels of ERs, as determined by Western blot and [3H]estradiol binding, and in BG-1 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, which contain abundant ERs. EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha induced transcriptional activation of a consensus ERE in an ER-dependent manner in both cell types. Transcriptional activation by the growth factors was inhibited by ICI 164,384, an ER receptor antagonist, and neutralizing antibodies to the EGF receptor. Immunodetection of the ER in BG-1 cells demonstrated that receptor levels were not induced by transforming growth factor-alpha vs. untreated cells. ER deletion mutants containing amino acids 1-339 and 121-599 were transfected into Ishikawa cells. The 1-339 mutant was more active in inducing transcription after EGF treatment than the 121-599 mutant. Estrogen only stimulated transcription in the presence of the 121-599 mutant, while 1-339 was inactive. Interestingly, synergism between a physiological dose of estrogen and peptide growth factors was observed. The presence of cross-talk between EGF receptor and ER signaling pathways suggests that interactions between growth factors and steroid receptors may modulate hormonal activity influencing normal and aberrant function in mammalian cells.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Farmer's hip.
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Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
Lung growth in newborn guinea pigs: effects of endurance exercise.
Newborn Hartley albino guinea pigs were exercised daily on a rodent treadmill at 25 m/min, 0 degree grade for a maximum of 1 1/2 h. Groups were exercised for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Controls were age-matched sedentary animals. A separate group of animals was sacrificed after 12 h of life to establish baseline lung growth data. A morphological and biochemical comparison was made between the lungs of exercised and sedentary animals. No effect of exercise on lung growth was observed. After 2 weeks of exercise animals had diminished somatic growth compared to the controls. The data was pooled from exercised and control guinea pigs at 1 and 3 weeks, at which time there were no differences, in order to obtain normal growth data. The only change between 0 week and 1 week was a slight increase in femur length. Between 1 week (and also 0 week) and 3 weeks there were significant increases in lung volume, lung weight, protein content, inter-alveolar wall distance, mean chord length of alveoli and ducts, and gas exchanging surface area. The guinea pig lung is well alveolated at birth and there was no evidence of subsequent alveolar multiplication. Enlargement of airspaces suggested that lung growth was primarily brought about by dilation. The lack of alveolar multiplication following exercise may be due to the fact the alveoli are fully developed at birth.
Age Factors↗
Localization of the estrogen receptor in uterine cells by affinity labeling with [3H]tamoxifen aziridine.
The possibility that estrogen receptors may exist in uterine plasma membranes was investigated by covalent labeling of estrogen receptors in mouse uterine cells with [3H]tamoxifen aziridine (TA). Isolated epithelial and stromal cells of immature mice were incubated with [3H]TA in the presence or absence of unlabeled tamoxifen, homogenized and separated into nuclear, cytosolic and microsomal fractions by differential centrifugation. These fractions were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the proteins labeled covalently with TA were visualized by autoradiography. Proteins labeled specifically with [3H]TA were observed almost exclusively in the nuclear fraction of both epithelial and stromal cells. In contrast, very little labeled protein was detected in the cytosolic or microsomal fraction. Although these data do not preclude the possibility that estrogen binding sites are present in plasma membranes of uterine cells, this cellular fraction is definitely not labeled to a significant extent by [3H]TA. Thus, if membrane estrogen binding sites exist, their structural conformations may be different from that of nuclear estrogen receptors.
Affinity Labels↗
Epidermal growth factor binding and receptor distribution in the mouse reproductive tract during development.
The ontogeny of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in the different cell types in the neonatal and immature mouse uterus and vagina was examined. Immunohistochemical examination of prenatal and neonatal reproductive tracts with a polyclonal antibody to the EGF receptor shows immunoreactive EGF receptors as early as Day 13 of gestation. Autoradiographic analysis of tissue sections at 3 to 17 days of age (the day of birth is Day 1) demonstrates that both uterine and vaginal epithelial and stromal cells are capable of binding 125I-labeled EGF. Both the 125I-labeled EGF autoradiography and immunohistochemistry in whole tissue show higher EGF receptor levels in the uterine epithelium than the uterine stroma. The presence of EGF receptors was also confirmed by affinity labeling and Scatchard analysis of isolated uterine cell types at 7 and/or 17 days of age. However, in contrast to the autoradiography and immunohistochemistry data of intact tissue, the affinity labeling and Scatchard data of isolated cells indicate that the uterine stroma contains higher levels of EGF receptor than that of the uterine epithelium. The reason for this discrepancy between the different techniques is, as yet, unknown. Regardless of the differences in the actual numbers of EGF receptors obtained, our data demonstrate that the developing mouse reproductive tract contains immunoreactive EGF receptors that are capable of binding 125I-labeled EGF.
Affinity Labels↗
Preoperative risk assessment in cardiac surgery: comparison of predicted and observed results.
In the present climate of quality-assurance policies, rigorous requirements for informed consent, and a constantly changing patient population, a system of preoperative risk assignment and postoperative correlation was developed to monitor and evaluate surgical performance. Patients were categorized by operation, priority (emergent, urgent, elective), New York Heart Association Functional Class, and risk. Risk was assigned before operation using data from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) and the recent literature. Data were collected by a full-time data manager and were stored and analyzed by computer. From January 1, 1984, to July 1, 1985, 1,303 patients underwent operation for acquired disease. This group included 913 patients undergoing isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The comparison of predicted and observed results showed: (Table: see text). For patients undergoing isolated primary CABG, the elective group had an operative mortality of 0.6% (2/329); the urgent group, 1.1% (5/450); and the emergent group, 5.2% (7/134). Preoperative risk assignment is an effective method of quality assurance. Female sex and age older than 60 years, which predicted an operative mortality of 2 to 5% in the CASS study and other recent series, did not predict a similar risk in our series.
Adult↗
Carious units and Streptococcus mutans in rats fed sucrose or maltose in two different types of diets.
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Animals↗
Performance of the Smeloff aortic valve beyond ten years.
The Smeloff aortic valve has remained unchanged in design and material since 1966. To assess the long-term performance of this prosthesis, we reviewed 394 consecutive patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement. Concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 26.4% of these patients. Follow-up was complete in 96%; maximum follow-up was 13.1 years (mean 4.3 years). The operative mortality was 7.4%. Actuarial survival rate, including operative mortality, was 66.3% +/- 2.8% at 5 years and 48.7% +/- 4.5% at 10 years. Thromboembolism for the entire group occurred at a rate of 3.8% per patient-year. Patients who underwent anticoagulation continuously had a rate of embolision of 1.8% per patient-year. All patients had a 5 year embolus-free rate of 91% +/- 2% and a 10 year embolus-free rate of 85% +/- 3%. Patients receiving anticoagulants had a 5 year embolus-free rate of 92% +/- 2% and a 10 year embolus-free rate of 89% +/- 3%. There was no mechanical failure or prosthetic thrombosis in 1,690 patient-years of follow-up. The Smeloff aortic valve has excellent long-term durability and thromboembolism is low in patients receiving anticoagulants.
Actuarial Analysis↗
Sepsis due to triple lumen central venous catheters.
We prospectively studied 96 consecutive catheterizations in 65 patients who required triple lumen central venous catheters. The incidence of catheter associated bacteremia was 3.1 per cent. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the organism involved in all instances.
Catheters, Indwelling↗
A program for infection surveillance utilizing an infection control liaison nurse.
Today's infection control programs require a practical, efficient, and effective surveillance system. The Epidemiology Section of a 650-bed, university-affiliated hospital has implemented a two-phase approach. Phase I is surveillance by service. Each service receives a minimum of 2 months' concentrated surveillance, with critical care units monitored each month. The entire hospital is covered within a year. Monthly statistics are issued for each surveyed service and the individual patient units within that service. Phase II involves the infection control liaison nurse (ICLN). An ICLN, established in each patient unit, monitors infection control practices and acts as a liaison between the unit and the epidemiology section. Selected candidates are trained by the epidemiology section. The ICLN aids in more immediate identification of problems and better monitoring of aseptic practices. This approach is effective and manageable. Better understanding of unit problems result in more relevant educational programs with time to conduct additional activities. Statistics have more meaning and support for infection control is improved.
Connecticut↗
An epidemic of resistant Salmonella in a nursery. Animal-to-human spread.
A Salmonella heidelberg epidemic in a hospital nursery was traced to infected calves on a dairy farm where the mother of the index patient lived. The Salmonella isolates from all cases were resistant to chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Verification of the spread of infection from the farm animals to a hospital population is unusual and raises questions about the hazards of antibiotic animal-feed preparations that may induce infection with resistant organisms in humans.
Animals↗
Lacunarity for compact groups.
Let G be a compact Abelian group with character group X. A subset Delta of X is called a [unk](q) set (1 < q < infinity) if for all trigonometric polynomials f = [unk](k=1) (n) alpha(k)chi(k) (chi(1),...,chi(n) [unk] Delta) an inequality parallelf parallel(q) [unk] [unk] parallelf parallel(1) obtains, where [unk] is a positive constant depending only on Delta. The subset Delta is called a Sidon set if every bounded function on Delta can be matched by a Fourier-Stieltjes transform. It is known that every Sidon set is a [unk](q) set for all q. For G = T, X = Z, Rudin (J. Math. Mech., 9, 203 (1960)) has found a set that is [unk](q) for all q but not Sidon. We extend this result to all infinite compact Abelian groups G: the character group X contains a subset Delta that is [unk](q) for all q, 1 < q < infinity, but Delta is not a Sidon set.
Journal Article↗