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Biomedical subjects

K A Tonge

Publications and source records attributed to K A Tonge.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and low bone density. Previous publications, however, measured only a single parameter, either T or Z score, making comparison of data difficult. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of disease factors on both T and Z scores in a population of patients with IBD. METHODS: Risk factors for development of low bone density were recorded in IBD patients with confirmed diagnosis and disease extent. Bone density was then measured at the spine and neck of femur using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients (49 male, 42 female) with a mean age of 46.6 years (range 22-84) were studied. Forty-eight patients had ulcerative colitis and 43 had Crohn's disease. Mean Z scores were -0.60 at the hip and -0.61 at the spine, whilst mean T scores were - 1.61 at the hip and -1.15 at the spine. Univariate analysis of Z scores identified Crohn's disease, high steroid use and low BMI as significantly associated with low bone density. An identical analysis using T scores failed to show any significant relationships. On multivariate analysis of Z scores, only disease type and BMI remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Low bone density is associated with IBD particularly in patients with Crohn's disease and low BMI. This large UK study is the first to report both T and Z scores in patients with IBD and shows that Z scores are the most reliable guide to the effect of IBD on bone density.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Case report: prolonged contrast enhancement of the inner ear on magnetic resonance imaging in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.

There have been recent reports of enhancement of the inner ear in acute labyrinthitis on gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, none has described persistence of enhancement beyond 6 weeks. We report a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome with labyrinthitis, sensorineural hearing loss and facial nerve palsy in which marked enhancement of the inner ear structures was observed on MRI 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Enhancement on delayed or repeated imaging after a period of months does not exclude labyrinthitis from the differential diagnosis of the small intracanalicular acoustic neuroma, and care should be taken not to confuse them.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomography in malignant external otitis.

Malignant external otitis is a severe infection of the external auditory meatus occurring predominantly in diabetics and usually caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The infection may spread along several routes: directly by bony erosion into the adjacent mastoid bone, anteriorly into the parotid gland and temporomandibular joint and inferiorly into the soft tissues of the infratemporal fossa. We present four cases of malignant external otitis that illustrate the typical patterns of spread of this disease and the role that radiology, and in particular computed tomography, plays in its diagnosis and management.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The role of MRI scanning in neuro-ophthalmology.

The role of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of optic atrophy, chiasmal compression, and posterior fossa lesions is demonstrated. Good spatial resolution, absence of bony artifact and multiplanar imaging are significant advantages over CT scanning in these areas, as is the ability to detect areas of demyelination. Orbital MRI offers future potential but at present we think that CT scanning provides better spatial resolution and is more cost effective for the orbit.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Flow rate determination using computed tomography.

A method of measuring flow in a large vessel by using a CT scanner is described. It has been shown that this is a simple, accurate and reproducible method in an experimental model. Possible clinical applications and limitations of this method of measuring flow are briefly considered.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1977

The mammographic demonstration of malignant spicules.

A specimen of breast tissue containing a carcinoma with multiple spiculations was used as a test object and examined by a range of mammographic techniques. The images were compared with a photograph of the cleared specimen. A quantitative method of evaluating the performance of each technique is described and used to compare these images. Xeroradiography clearly excelled other imaging methods.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

The xeroradiographic appearances of some uncommon malignant mammary neoplasms.

The clinical and xeroradiographic appearances are described of four patients with malignant lymphomatous involvement of the breast, two with breast involvement by acute leukaemia, and four with primary fibrosarcoma of the breast. In one patient with malignant lymhoma and multiple palpable masses, the radiological appearance resembled benign mammary dysplasia, but in the three other patients, one with a discrete clinical mass, and two with diffuse clinical involvement, radiological examination of the breast showed skin thickening with diffuse abnormalities of the trabecular pattern, most marked in the subdermal area. One of the patients with leukaemia had a discrete palpable mass and the other had diffuse clinical involvement, but the radiological appearances in both patients were similar and resembled those of a carcinoma. The clinical and radiological appearance of the patients with fibrosarcoma were those of a benign cyst or a fibroadenoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The problem of discrimination in mammography. Arguments for using a biological test object.

A specimen of breast tissue containing a carcinoma with multiple calcifications was used as a test object and examined by a range of mammographic techniques. The images were compared with a photograph of the actual specimen which was cleared and stained for calcium salts. A quantitative method of evaluating the discriminating ability of each technique is described and used to compare these images. Xeroradiography and Kodak Crystallex film clearly excelled other imaging methods. The value of using a biological test object is discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗