The position taken in the 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), which holds that schizo-affective psychoses cannot be defined unequivocally, that no unambiguous criteria for these psychoses can be determined, and that they cannot be placed into either of the two main groups of functional psychoses, illustrates the present status of schizo-affective psychoses. The study of their position in relation to schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychoses is also essential: after all, the placing of a patient into either category plays a crucial role in the choice of treatment. For example, recent research on the success of lithium treatment in schizo-affective psychoses shows the practical relevance of this line of study. It seems that, like many other mental disorders, the internal structure of schizo-affective psychoses is highly heterogenous, and it is therefore not always possible to place them as a whole into either of Kraepelin's diagnostic categories.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[The first psychiatric article in Finland].

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Finland↗

PubMed1983

[Death in old Finnish culture. Belief in the soul's immortality].

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Death↗

PubMed1982

Death and suicide in Finnish mythology and folklore.

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Death↗

PubMed1982

[Experiences with suicide prevention in Finland].

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Finland↗

PubMed1980

Use of benzodiazepines in psychiatric in-patients.

Various anxiety states and states of panic are the classical indications for the use of benzodiazepines in hospital treatment. The clinician must distinguish the cases where a depressive or schizophrenic symptom formation underlies the panic or anxiety; in such cases antidepressants and neuroleptics yield the best results. Delirium tremens is still a serious illness. In order to calm down the patients sufficiently, appropriate sedative medication is necessary, along with other forms of general treatment. Though adequate alternatives have also been recommended, benzodiazepine therapy must at present be considered one of the most efficient and best forms of drug therapy in delirium tremens. It must be stressed that the dosage should be prescribed individually. When long-acting benzodiazepines are used, the dosage should be reduced daily by 25% of the initial dose. Benzodiazepine derivatives may be used as hypnotics in cases where the patient's ability to sleep is considered important for his treatment. Short-acting preparations of the benzodiazepine group can usually be recommended, unless particular reasons indicate the use of long-acting ones. The possibilities and limitations of combining benzodiazepines with neuroleptics and antidepressants in the treatment of schizophrenic and depressive patients are also discussed.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗

PubMed1976

Present status and evaluation of suicide prevention and crisis intervention services in Europe.

The present West-European suicide prevention and crisis intervention services are reviewed in the article, which also considers suicide prevention in the light of the literature, contains some critical remarks and puts forward certain suggestions for further development of the services concerned. It is concluded in the article that the present situation is not yet satisfactory as far as suicide prevention is concerned, nor is it likely today to be satisfactory in many countries in respect of crisis intervention.

Community Mental Health Services↗

PubMed1975

[Anxiety in certain mental disorders].

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Anxiety↗

PubMed1974

Incurable depressions.

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Adolescent↗