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Biomedical subjects

K Agrawal

Publications and source records attributed to K Agrawal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on craniofacial bone healing.

Human insulin-like growth factor 1, a known regulator of bone formation, was investigated for its possible effect on membranous bone formation in a rat model. Full-thickness bone defects (10 x 10 x 1 mm) were created in the rat calvarium, and insulin-like growth factor 1 was administered by an osmotic minipump directly into the defect enclosed by the periosteum and dura mater. The dose of insulin-like growth factor 1 was 100 micrograms every 2 weeks. The defects were studied radiographically, macroscopically, and microscopically at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. The group treated with insulin-like growth factor 1 showed qualitative and quantitative differences when compared with the control group. The amount of new bone formation in the group treated with insulin-like growth factor 1 was significantly larger than that of the control group. In the insulin-like growth factor 1 group, the location of new bone formation occurred in the center and at the margin of the bone defect. In the control group, bone was formed only around the margin of the bone defect. This study suggests that insulin-like growth factor 1 improved membranous bone healing in vivo and that insulin-like growth factor 1 makes mesenchymal precursor cells of bone differentiate directly into bone-forming cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tetanus caused by human bite of the finger.

A case of generalized tetanus after human bite of the finger is reported. The patient recovered with institutional care. We propose that secondary invasion by Clostridium tetani is the cause for infection. It could be prevented by immediate tetanus prophylaxis, thorough debridement, and primary repair of the wound.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vitiligo: repigmentation with dermabrasion and thin split-thickness skin graft.

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is a common benign condition of great concern. Though a large number of medical and surgical treatment methods are available, none of them is fully dependable in all the areas. OBJECTIVE: Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) has been used for the treatment of vitiligo for over three decades, but it did not gain popularity. This presentation evaluates the degree of repigmentation achieved with this technique, its complications, and drawbacks. METHODS: A case series of 21 patients with 32 localized, stable, and refractory vitiligo patches treated institutionally by dermabrasion and thin STSG has been presented. The patients have been followed up for 1-6 years. Three patients lost to follow-up before 1 year have not been included. RESULTS: The graft take was 100% in 27 patches and 90-95% in the remaining five. One hundred percent repigmentation was achieved in 22 patches and 90-95% in 10. Time taken for satisfactory color match was 4-9 months (average, 6.3 months). The complications encountered were all minor and did not affect the results. CONCLUSION: This is a simple, outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia resulting in an excellent color match on a long-term follow-up. This technique can be used over any part of the body, including the hair-bearing areas, without compromising the end results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Vitiligo: surgical repigmentation of leukotrichia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with vitiligo frequently have premature gray hair. Until recently the literature was silent about its management. While surgically treating vitiligo, we incidentally observed repigmentation of gray hair. OBJECTIVE: Based on our observations we undertook this study to see the effect of surgical treatment of vitiligo on repigmentation of leukotrichia, as well as to evaluate the percentage of repigmentation, if any, in the different hair-bearing areas, and the time taken for it. METHODS: A case series of eight patients with nine patches of localized, stable, and refractory vitiligo with leukotrichia of 3-12 years duration is presented. The patients were followed up for 2-6 years. One patient was lost from follow-up after 2 months. The vitiligo was treated by dermabrasion and thin split-thickness skin grafting under local anesthesia, as outpatients. RESULTS: Repigmentation of the hair occurred in all the areas but it was seen earlier (3 months) and was more complete in the eyebrows (70-95%). In the scalp and the beard areas it started later (6-9 months) and was around 50-60% only. The degree of pigmentation increased until about 3 years after surgery. No complications in the form of graft loss or alopecia were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Partial to near-total repigmentation of leukotrichia can be achieved surgically. Contrary to the present theory, we hypothesize that melanocytes also migrate from the repigmented epidermis to the hair follicle, resulting in repigmentation of the hair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Enhancement of erythropoietin production by selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists in response to hypoxia.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of two new adenosine A2 agonists, 2-(p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethyl amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680) and N6-(2(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl)-adenosine (DPMA), on erythropoietin (EPO) production in vivo and in vitro. Intravenous injections of CGS-21680 (100 to 500 nmol/kg mouse/day) and DPMA (50 to 500 nmol/kg mouse/day) for 4 days produced significant increases in serum levels of EPO in exhypoxic polycythemic mice. CGS-21680 (10(-7) to 10(-6) mol/L) and DPMA (10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/L) also produced significant increases in medium levels of EPO in a cloned EPO-producing Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line after 18 hours of incubation in 1% O2. Both compounds also increased cellular cAMP levels significantly in a dose-dependent manner after 1 hour of incubation. A2 receptor binding assays with tritiated CGS-21680 revealed a single type of adenosine receptor binding site on Hep3B cell membranes with a dissociation constant of 132.9 nmol/L and a binding capacity of 270.6 fmol/mg protein. The Ki competition binding values versus tritiated CGS-21680 were 217 nmol/L for CGS-21680 and 86.8 nmol/L for DPMA. These results indicate that adenosine A2 receptor activation amplifies EPO production in response to hypoxia, both in vivo and in vitro.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Multiple trichoepitheliomas with rare features.

A case of multiple trichoepitheliomas associated with epidermal cysts is reported. The trichoepithelioma lesions were florid and extensive with large nodulo-cystic lesions on the face and a new variant simulating hidradenitis suppurativa near the gluteal cleft.

Epidermal Cyst↗
PubMed1994

Oculocutaneous manifestations in xeroderma pigmentosa.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disease characterised by defective DNA repair leading to clinical and cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. The oculocutaneous features of 10 patients with XP were studied retrospectively. General features included parental consanguinity (40%), familiarity (60%), onset of symptoms in first 2 years (50%), malignant skin neoplasms (60%), and carcinoma of the tongue (20%). Among the ocular features, 50% of patients presented with photophobia. Lid freckles or atrophic skin lesions were seen in all patients. Lower lid tumours were seen in 30%, chronic conjunctival congestion in 40%, corneal opacification in 40%, squamous cell carcinoma of limbus in 20%, bilateral pterygium in 40%, and visual impairment in 50%. The clinical features (ocular and cutaneous) of the cases are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Local anesthesia by peribulbar block for cataract extraction in an eye relief camp. A double-masked, randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the median scores for globe anesthesia are not significantly different for patients receiving local anesthesia (LA) by peribulbar block (PB) than for those receiving retrobulbar block (RB) for cataract surgery. DESIGN: Double-masked, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: An eye camp in Bhetwa, India, base hospital was King George's Medical College, Lucknow. (Eye camps are temporary set-ups used for cataract surgery throughout rural India.) Study carried out over a 2-day period. PATIENTS: Out of 125 patients eligible for intracapsular cataract extract on under LA, 122 agreed to enter the trial, and were randomly allocated to 2 groups just before the operation. The groups were equal in size and similar in composition in terms of patient age and sex. INTERVENTION: PB or RB infiltrated with 5 mL of the same anesthetic at the same site but with a different needle size and direction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Globe anesthesia (primary outcome), globe akinesia, lid akinesia, pupillary dilatation, and hypotony were scored separately on a 4-point scale during surgery by a masked surgeon. During infiltration, surgery, and the 1st 30 minutes after surgery, pain was scored by patients and recorded by an interviewer. RESULTS: Median scores for globe anesthesia were 4.0 in both groups, and the Mann-Whitney test revealed no difference in the medians of these scores (P = 0.6). There was no difference in scores on other outcomes measured, except lid akinesia, which was better with PB. Subjective pain scores were significantly higher with RB. The surgeon's guess about the type of LA administered was correct only for 58% of patients. CONCLUSION: PB is no different from RB in terms of producing globe anesthesia when used for cataract surgery at eye camps.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Congenital bilateral intermaxillary bony fusion.

Congenital fusion of maxillary and mandibular alveolar margins is extremely rare. Bony fusion between the jaws is still more uncommon. Only eight patients with bony fusion have been described in the literature to date, of whom only three had bilateral bony fusion. We present here a patient with very extensive bilateral bony fusion of the jaws, who underwent surgery with excellent immediate postoperative results. Details of the surgical management of this rare and difficult problem in a neonate with poor general condition are described.

Alveolar Process↗