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Biomedical subjects

K Aida

Publications and source records attributed to K Aida.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Pheromone from ovulatory female goldfish induces gonadotropin surge in males.

Characterization was made of the female stimuli which induce male gonadotropin (GtH) surge during spawning in the goldfish. In the presence of ovulatory females, olfactory tract sectioned (OTX) males failed to show sexual behavior or the GtH surge, while sham-operated (sham) males spawned and showed a GtH surge. When OTX and sham males were separated from ovulatory females with an opaque partition but with water circulating between male and female compartments, the GtH surge occurred only in sham males, although they could not court with the females. These results indicate that an olfactory stimulus (pheromone) from ovulatory females is essential to the occurrence of male GtH surge. Pheromone(s) from ovulatory female goldfish thus functions both as a releaser stimulating sexual behavior and as a primer inducing GtH surge in males.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Tetrodotoxin secreting glands in the skin of puffer fishes.

Unique exocrine glands or gland-like structures were found in the skin of several species of puffer fishes of the genus Takifugu. The glands of T. pardalis and T. vermiculare porphyreum consisted only of secretory cells with a large vacuole. These cells were completely enclosed by epithelial cells with developed microfilaments, except at their opening to the lumen. The contents of the large vacuole in the peculiar secretory cell were forced out when the puffer was stimulated. Exocrine glands or gland-like structures with peculiar secretory cells were also found in the skin of T. poecilonotus, T. niphobles and T. vermiculare radiatum. A high concentration of TTX was detected in the gland contents collected directly from live specimens of T. pardalis. We therefore conclude that these glands are TTX secreting glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Iodide-induced hypothyroidism in a patient with anorexia nervosa.

A 39-year-old woman who had been suffering from anorexia nervosa was found to have hypothyroidism. Serum T4, free T4, T3, free T3 and TSH were 3.19 micrograms/dl, 0.5 ng/dl, 15.3 ng/dl, 1.2 pg/ml and 162.1 microU/ml, respectively. On careful questioning, she was found to have taken an iodine-rich diet. The serum iodine concentration was 122 micrograms/dl (normal: 4-9 micrograms/dl) and urinary iodide excretion was 13.05 mg/day (normal: less than 2 mg). After withdrawal of the iodine-rich diet, her serum T4 gradually increased and TSH returned to the normal range. She was diagnosed as having iodide-induced hypothyroidism. However, no significant elevation of serum T3 or free T3 was observed. Serum T4, free T4, T3, free T3 and TSH were 7.85 micrograms/dl, 0.8 ng/dl, 13.6 ng/dl, 4.3 pg/ml and 6.02 microU/ml, respectively. The iodide-perchlorate discharge test result was negative. These findings suggest that there exists some unknown mechanism by which a patient with anorexia nervosa may be sensitive to excess iodide. Furthermore, it is of interest to note that in a recovery phase from the hypothyroid state, normalization of serum T4 rather than T3 is well-correlated to TSH secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Changes in the tocopherol and unsaturated fatty acid constituents of spices after pasteurization with superheated steam.

The following five spices were pasteurized with superheated steam, as given in parentheses: origanum (1 kg/cm2, 132 degrees C, 3.5 sec), laurel (0.5 kg/cm2, 118 degrees C, 3.5 sec), turmeric (2 kg/cm2, 160 degrees C, 5 sec), coriander (1 kg/cm2, 140 degrees C, 5 sec), and aniseed (1 kg/cm2, 140 degrees C 5 sec). The detected tocopherols and other constituents were as follows: origanum (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-), laurel (alpha-, beta-), turmeric (so little that no comparison could be made), coriander (almost no tocopherols), and aniseed (alpha-, beta-, delta-). The tocopherols and unsaturated fatty acid constituents of origanum, laurel, aniseed and coriander underwent little change after pasteurization with superheated steam, indicating stability, which may be due to the synergistic effect of tocopherols and phenolic compounds present in these spices.

Condiments↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of gonadotrophs in the goldfish pituitary gland.

The immunocytochemical distribution of gonadotropin (GTH) in the goldfish pituitary gland was studied applying the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and the protein A-gold technique at light- and electron-microscopic levels, respectively, with an antiserum raised against silver carp GTH. In the light-microscopic immunocytochemistry, PAS-positive cells in the proximal pars distalis showed strong reaction with the antiserum. Gold particles wee concentrated both on globules (large) and on granules (small) of the gonadotrophs (PAS-positive cells) in the electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Other cells in the pituitary gland, including thyrotrophs, displayed no immunoreactivity with the antiserum at the dilutions tested. These results indicate, not only immunocytochemical distribution of GTH both in globules and in granules in the gonadotrophs, but also the high purity of the antigen (silver carp GTH) and specificity of the antiserum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Endocrine profiles during the short reproductive cycle of an autumn-spawning bitterling, Acheilognathus rhombea.

When autumn-spawning bitterling, Acheilognathus rhombea (known as the kanehira bitterling in Japan) were held under a constant short photoperiod (10 hr light-14 hr dark) at 25 degrees during their natural breeding season, the females spawned regularly at intervals of about 5 days. During each 5-day period, the oocytes passed through three distinct physiological stages: vitellogenesis (3 days), maturation (1 day), and spawning (1 day). During the maturational stage, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was first observed at 18 hr and was complete by 21 hr. Ovulation occurred at 24 hr. Steroid measurements made on plasmas collected from fish throughout their reproductive cycle showed that estradiol-17 beta levels were about 12 ng/ml at the beginning of the vitellogenic stage and about 5 ng/ml during the other stages. Testosterone levels were about 2 ng/ml during the vitellogenic stage, but fell to about 0.5 ng/ml during maturation and spawning. Progesterone levels were very low throughout the cycle and showed little variation. Both 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one levels were both very low (0.5 ng/ml) up until 12 hr on Day 4 (maturation), at which time they increased rapidly. The levels reached peaks of 4 and 7 ng/ml, respectively, at 18 hr and reached basal levels again at 8 hr the following day. GtH-like glycoprotein levels also began to increase at 12 hr on Day 4, but peaked later, at the time of ovulation (24 hr).

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between the structures and steroidogenic functions of the testes of the urohaze-goby (Glossogobius olivaceus).

The testis of the brackishwater goby (Glossogobius olivaceus, the urohaze-goby in this text) consists of two main components, the glandular and the seminiferous tissue. After manual separation of the two tissues, in vitro steroidogenesis in each tissue was examined using testes from mature males in the breeding season. Cell-free homogenates (800g supernatant fluid) of each tissue were aerobically incubated with 14C-labeled pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, or 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione in the presence of NAD+ or NADPH. (1) Glandular tissue: Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone were converted to progesterone and androstenedione, respectively, in the presence of NAD+. In the presence of NADPH, the following metabolism of steroids was established. Progesterone was transformed to 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (main product), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, and androstenedione. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was metabolized into 17 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (main product), 3 beta, 17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, androstenedione, and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. From androstenedione, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (main product) and epiandrosterone were obtained. Testosterone was transformed to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (main product), 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, epiandrosterone, and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. 5 alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione was metabolized into 17 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, epiandrosterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. (2) Seminiferous tissue: Almost all of the above metabolites were obtained, but the yield was much smaller, especially for 5 alpha-reduced metabolites, compared with that for glandular tissue. From these results, it is concluded that steroidogenesis in the testis of G. olivaceus is characterized by the predominant activity of 5 alpha-reductase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and that these are localized mainly in glandular tissue, together with delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase + delta 5-delta 4 isomerase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, and C-17-C-20 lyase.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1984

Different local therapeutic effects of various polysaccharides on MH134 hepatoma in mice and its relation to inflammation induced by the polysaccharides.

The local antitumor activities and inflammation-inducing activities of various antitumor polysaccharides were examined and the relation between the two types of activity was studied. The tested antitumor polysaccharides included MG (a mannoglucan prepared from the culture fluid of Microellobosporia grisea), lentinan, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, TAK (a glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis) and their derivatives. Local antitumor activity was tested by intratumoral administration of the polysaccharides 4, 7 and 10 days after inoculation of MH134 hepatoma intradermally (id) into the abdomen of C3H/He mice. MG and its derivatives showed strong local antitumor activity. Inflammation-inducing activity was assayed by measuring foot-pad swelling and accumulation of iv-injected 51Cr-labeled spleen cells after injection of the test materials into the footpads of C3H/He mice. TAK had the strongest inflammation-inducing activity among the polysaccharides tested. No close correlation was found between the local antitumor activity and the inflammation-inducing activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of hypophyseal, placental, hypophysiotropic, and steroid hormones on ovipositor elongation and ovulation in the rose bitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus.

Effects of various hypophyseal, placental, hypophysiotropic, and steroid hormones on ovipositor elongation and ovulation were investigated using the mature female rose bitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus. Mammalian LH and HCG were effective at high doses whereas mammalian prolactin, FSH, ACTH, TSH, and neurohypophyseal hormones were ineffective. Synthetic LH-RH had some effects at very high doses. Fish pituitary extracts were much more potent than mammalian gonadotropins and a dose-response curve of elongation was obtained. This suggests that the ovipositor test is a good bioassay for fish gonadotropin. Some C21-steroids, especially 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone, also had prominent effects on ovipositor elongation, indicating the effects of gonadotropins may be via some C21-steroids. Hypophysectomy did not affect the sensitivity to gonadotropin but somewhat reduced the response to steroid. The relationship between the activity of steroids and their structure is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and partial characterization of a cerulenin-sensitive mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cerulenin was first tested. The result indicated that this bacterium is resistant to cerulenin. Cerulenin-sensitive mutants were isolated from P. aeruginosa PML 1552 by 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine treatment and following carbenicillin plus D-cycloserine screening. Isolated mutants were designated CSM-1 to CSM-19, and some characters of CSM-19, which showed rapid growth almost as well as parent strain in the medium without cerulenin, were examined. The cell growth of CSM-19 was greatly inhibited by 50 micrograms/ml of cerulenin, but when the mixture of cellular fatty acids or both cis-vaccenic acid and palmitic acid were added to the medium, the growth was partially recovered. Incorporation of radioactivity into fatty acids from [1-14C]acetate was lowered by cerulenin. Those results mean that the fatty acid synthesis of CSM-19 was decreased by cerulenin. Although cellular fatty acid composition and amount were not notably different between CSM-19 and PML 1552, CSM-19 had less phosphatidylethanolamine, and more phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin than PML 1552. CSM-19 was also supersensitive to several other antibiotics, especially to carbenicillin and tetracycline, when compared with PML 1552, although both strains showed identical sensitivity to D-cycloserine, polymyxin B, and chloramphenicol.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Isolation of an unusual 'lipid A' type glycolipid from Pseudomonas paucimobilis.

A new glycolipid was isolated from defatted cells of Pseudomonas paucimobilis IAM 12576, and called 'bound lipid'. The 'bound lipid' could not be extracted by hot phenol extraction, but could be extracted with hot chloroform/methanol after hydrolysis with 5% trichloroacetic acid. The 'bound lipid' was purified by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates using the solvent mixture CHCl3/CH3OH/CH3COOOH/ H2O (25:15:4:2, v/v). It consisted of glucosamine, 2-hydroxy myristic acid, galactose, mannose and uronic acid with ratios of 1.0:0.75:0.77:0.44:1.5, respectively, and other fatty acids besides 2-hydroxy myristic acid were not detected in the 'bound lipid'. 2-Hydroxy myristic acid was probably bound to glucosamine residues by amide linkage, because mild alkali treatment did not liberate the fatty acid. From these results, we discussed the possibility that the 'bound lipid' was some kind of lipid A of this bacteria.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Stereochemical structure recognized by the L-fucose-specific hemagglutinin produced by Streptomyces sp.

A hemagglutinin has been purified 4000-fold from the culture filtrate of a strain of Streptomyces by affinity chromatography. The purified preparation was judged to be homogeneous by gel electrophoresis and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 70 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It may exhibit its full hemagglutinating activity in the monomer form. This hemagglutinin strongly agglutinated human blood group O erythrocytes and was inhibited by L-fucose. It was, however, distinct from the known L-fucose-specific hemagglutinins; first, the hemagglutinating activity of the purified preparation was more than 100-times stronger than that of others; second, D-mannose was a potent inhibitor of this hemagglutinin besides L-fucose but not or scarcely inhibitory to others; and third, p-nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucoside was more inhibitory to this hemagglutinin than p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-fucoside as opposed to the case of others.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

Direct hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of hydroxy fatty acid in lipid a of Pseudomonas ovalis.

It was found that Pseudomonas ovalis IAM 1177 had an abundance of hydroxy fatty acids such as 3-hydroxy-decanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid and 2-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid in the lipophilic part of the lipopolysaccharide fraction, which comprise 80% of total fatty acids. By using 18O2, it was shown that one oxygen atom from molecular oxygen was incorporated into 2-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, but not into 3-hydroxy-decanoic acid. The incorporated oxygen atom was specifically located at the hydroxyl group of 2-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid. The biosynthetic pathways of these hydroxy fatty acids are discussed.

Fatty Acids↗