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Biomedical subjects

K Aikawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Aikawa.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Severe jaundice in malignant lymphoma. Report of two autopsy cases.

Two autopsy cases of malignant lymphoma with marked hyperbilirubinemia (18.6 and 36.5 mg/dl at maximum) are presented. Histology revealed the portal area to be enlarged due to lymphoma cell infiltration and cholestasis in the hepatic lobules in both. Of 30 cases of malignant lymphoma treated in our department, hyperbilirubinemia was seen in 7 cases (23%) including these two cases (6.7%) which were severely jaundiced. The occurrence rate of jaundice in malignant lymphoma to all jaundiced diseases showing serum total bilirubin levels of more than 5 mg/dl was 0.7%.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of DNA-damaging agents on isolated spleen cells and lung fibroblasts from the mouse mutant "wasted," a putative animal model for ataxia-telangiectasia.

Spleen cells from control and wasted (wst) mice, a putative animal model for the human genetic disease ataxia-telangiectasia, were tested for inhibition of replicative (semiconservative) DNA synthesis after treatments with bleomycin, gamma-irradiation, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, and ultraviolet irradiation. The wasted cells were found to be more resistant than control cells to the first three treatments, but equally sensitive to ultraviolet light. Bleomycin-stimulated repair synthesis in spleen cells was also studied by the CsCl/bromodeoxyuridine method and found to be similar in cells from wasted and control animals. Similarly, no differences in sensitivity to killing by gamma-rays, as manifested by relative cloning efficiencies, were demonstrated between primary lung fibroblasts from mutant and control mice. We concluded that observed defects in DNA repair in wasted cells are not identical to those reported in human cells from ataxia-telangiectasia patients.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1985

Prevention of rotavirus infection by oral administration of cow colostrum containing antihumanrotavirus antibody.

After immunizing 8-month pregnant Holstein cows with human rotavirus, Wa strain, cow colostrum containing neutralizing antibody to human rotavirus, designated as Rota colostrum, was obtained. After randomly grouping 13 infants from a single orphanage, 6 infants received 20 ml of Rota colostrum every morning and 7 control infants received 20 ml of market milk. One month later, rotavirus associated diarrhea was observed in 6 of the 7 infants given milk and 1 out of the 6 infants given Rota colostrum. Orally administered Rota colostrum significantly protected infants from diarrhea caused by rotavirus (P less than 0.05). Two out of 5 Rota colostrum recipients who were free from diarrhea showed rises in complement fixation (CF) antibody titer after the rotavirus infection epidemic. Thus, Rota colostrum prevented the outbreak of diarrhea but did not prevent immunological responses to natural rotavirus infection. In the therapeutic trial Rota colostrum had no effect on duration of diarrhea, bowel movements or virus shedding in stool. However, there were no side-effects of Rota colostrum.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacological studies of a newly synthetized 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4- (o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466).

Hemodynamic effects of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl++ +)-1,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466), were examined by measuring systemic blood pressure, various arterial blood flow such as femoral, vertebral, renal and superior mesenteric artery, heart rate and respiratory rate in anesthetized dogs. Cardiohemodynamic effects were examined by measuring cardiac output, coronary blood flow, maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt max.) and right atrial pressure. The changes in myocardial oxygen consumption associated with the parameters mentioned above were also examined by measuring coronary sinus outflow and oxygen content in blood samples. The results obtained are as follows: The intraarterial administration of PP-1466 to the femoral artery caused vasodilating response. The vasodilating effect of PP-1466 was approximately 200 times more potent than that of papaverine and comparable to that of nifedipine or nicardipine (YC-93). The effective dose to induce vasodilation on femoral, vertebral and superior mesenteric artery by the systemic use of PP-1466 was more than 0.3 microgram/kg i.v. and more than 0.03 mg/kg i.d. The vasodilation in vertebral artery was most prominent. After intravenous administration of PP-1466, renal blood flow decreased probably due to the fall in systemic blood pressure, whereas the flow progressively increased after intraduodenal administration. The effective dose to induce a fall in systemic blood pressure by PP-1466 was the range from 1 to 3 micrograms/kg i.v. and more than 0.1 mg/kg i.d., respectively. Diastolic hypotension was remarkable. Heart rate and respiratory rate were increased at the same time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)- 1,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466) in rats.

In this experiment, the absorption, excretion, distribution and metabolism of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1, 4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466) were investigated following oral or intravenous administration, single dose or repeated dose administration using male SLC-Wistar rats and the results of this investigation were summarized as follows: After oral administration of 14C-PP-1466 to rats, the blood level reached the maximum at 1 h and decreased with the biological half-life of about 5 h. The unchanged drug concentration in plasma was 30% of total concentration in plasma and disappeared at 6 h. The high radioactivities in the liver, kidney, fat, lung and adrenal gland were observed after oral and intravenous administration. After oral and intravenous administrations, the excretion in feces and urine during 48 h was 63.0 and 32.4, 58.6 and 41.6%, respectively. Biliary excretion amounted to 57.6 and 46.2% during 48 h, respectively. Six metabolites were found in the urine of rats. Three of them were identified as 2,6-dimethyl-3-carbomethoxy-4-(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-5-carboxylic acid pyridine, 2-methyl-3-carbomethoxy-4-(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-5-carboxylic acid-6-hydroxymethyl pyridine and its lactonizing analogue. These three metabolites covered 54% of total urinary metabolites. After oral repeated administration for three weeks, the excretion ratio of radioactivity in urine and feces was constant during the administration and no accumulation was observed in rat tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acute and subacute toxicity of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1 ,4-dihydropyridine (PP-1466).

The acute and subacute oral toxicity of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxycarbonyl-4-(o-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4 -dihydropyridine (PP-1466) was investigated in several animal species in comparison with nifedipine and nicardipine. A clear species difference in LD50 values was found in acute toxicity of PP-1466, and rabbits were the most sensitive between animal species used, then dogs, mice and rats in order. Prominent acute circulatory failure and associated secondary changes were noticed in toxic signs and autopsy findings. PP-1466 as well as nifedipine was apparently less toxic than nicardipine. In the subacute toxicity studies in rats, deaths occurred only in the 2000 mg/kg/d treated groups of both sexes of PP-1466 and nifedipine. Major changes in various observations and examinations were focussed on the cardiovascular system and liver. On the cardiovascular system, it was revealed as congestion and hemorrhage in the various organs and tissues on autopsy finding in dead rats during the test period. A dose-dependent increase in heart weight was observed in rats sacrificed at the termination of the test period. On the liver, it was revealed as a dose-dependent increase in liver weight, changes in liver lipid levels, changes in several serum biochemistry parameters, such as GOT, GPT and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities and lipid levels measured at the termination of the test period. These changes were toxicologically mild and functional except the autopsy findings in dead rats. Female rats were slightly more sensitive than males, and PP-1466 was slightly less toxic than nifedipine on subacute oral toxicity in rats.

Administration, Oral↗