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Biomedical subjects

K Anger

Publications and source records attributed to K Anger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Ontogeny of osmoregulation and salinity tolerance in a mangrove crab, Sesarma curacaoense (Decapoda: Grapsidae).

The grapsid crab Sesarma curacaoense is believed to represent the closest saltwater relative to the ancestor which gave rise to an adaptive radiation of endemic freshwater and terrestrial species on the island of Jamaica. Living in mangrove swamps with variable salinity conditions and showing semiterrestrial behaviour, S. curacaoense exhibits ecological adaptations to non-marine conditions. In laboratory experiments, we studied the salinity tolerance during development from hatching to the end of the first juvenile stage. Successful development through metamorphosis occurred in the full salinity range tested (15-32 per thousand), although mortality was significantly enhanced and development delayed at 15 per thousand. In another series of experiments, we studied the ontogeny of the capability for osmoregulation, which is considered as the physiological basis of osmotic stress tolerance. Our results show that S. curacaoense is from hatching a fairly strong hyperosmoregulator in dilute media. This capability increased gradually from hatching throughout the larval and juvenile development. In seawater (32 per thousand) and at an enhanced salt concentration (44 per thousand), the zoeal stages remained hyperosmoconformers. The capability for hypoosmoregulation in concentrated media appeared first in the megalopa stage and increased thereafter. Adult crabs were observed to be strong hyper-hypo-osmoregulators in a salinity range from at least 1 per thousand to 44 per thousand. The unusually early appearance of strong regulatory capabilities, particularly in dilute media, is interpreted as a physiological preadaptation that should have facilitated the evolutionary process of adaptive radiation in non-marine environments on Jamaica.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Immunocytochemical detection of acetylated alpha-tubulin and Drosophila synapsin in the embryonic crustacean nervous system.

The caridean shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili is well suited for studying developmental aspects of the crustacean nervous system due to its rapid embryonic development and short reproductive cycle. In the present paper, we demonstrate the pattern of central axonal pathways in embryos of this species by immunohistochemical detection of acetylated alpha-tubulin. Development of the neuropil was elucidated by using an antibody to a Drosophila synapsin. In the ventral nerve cord, the segmental axonal scaffold consists of the paired lateral connectives, a median connective, and the anterior and posterior commissures. Three nerve roots were found to branch off each ganglion anlage, i.e. the main segmental nerve root, a smaller posterior nerve and the intersegmental nerve. However, this pattern is different in the mandibular segment where no intersegmental nerve and only one commissure was encountered. The anterior part of the brain consists of a tritocerebral and a deutocerebral anlage as well asthe anlage of the medial protocerebrum. The latter is connected to the eyestalk via the protocerebral tract. The sequence of development of the eyestalk ganglia was demonstrated in specimens which were stained with the anti-synapsin antibody. The medulla terminalis and medulla interna are the first neuropils to appear and are still fused in early stages. Later, the medulla interna splits off the medulla terminalis. The lamina ganglionaris is the last of the eyestalk neuropils to develop. These findings prove that immunocytochemistry against acetylated alpha-tubulin and synapsin are valuable tools for studying the development of the crustacean nervous system.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1996

Psychiatric symptoms in clients presenting for commercial weight reduction treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and severity of psychiatric symptoms in a group of clients presenting to a commercial weight reduction program, compared with a group of patients seeking outpatient medical treatment. METHOD: Sixty-six clients presenting for commercial weight loss treatment and 52 patients presenting for general outpatient medical treatment were given self-report measures of anxiety (Spielberger State and Trait Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire), and overall impairment in functioning (Sheehan Disability Scale). RESULTS: Weight loss clients had significantly higher rates of depressive symptomatology and psychosocial disability than patients presenting for medical treatment. Weight loss clients were also more likely to demonstrate body dissatisfaction regardless of actual weight. Levels of anxiety were not significantly different, despite the medical group reporting themselves to be in poorer health as compared with the weight loss group. DISCUSSION: Regular screening for psychiatric symptoms in clients presenting for commercial weight reduction treatment may be valuable as this group may constitute an as yet unidentified cohort requiring psychiatric intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Efforts in primary-care practice to control tobacco use.

In this article, the authors findings lead them to conclude that because of the devastating effects of smoking on health, the public could experience widespread health benefits if primary care physicians became more active in encouraging patients to stop smoking.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1986

Ecdysteroid levels during the larval development of the spider crab Hyas araneus.

Ecdysteroid levels were determined by radioimmunoassay during the larval development of the spider crab Hyas araneus L. In each of the three larval instars (zoea I, zoea II, megalopa) a minimum in ecdysteroid levels was found during early postmoult and a maximum during premoult. The amounts of ecdysteroids increased during development and reached maxima of 93, 137, and 165 pg ecdysone equivalents per larva in zoea I, zoea II, and megalopa, respectively. Ecdysteroid concentrations per unit of body dry weight or carbon increased during each moulting cycle, but the average values showed decreasing tendency from the first to the last instar. The main ecdysteroid in all larval instars and during the moulting cycle was 20-OH-ecdysone, and practically no ecdysone could be detected by HPLC-RIA.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Interference factors in the in vivo diagnosis of the thyroid].

Anamnestic iodine contamination and medication with thyroid drugs were registered in 260 patients of a clinical thyroid care unit and 200 patients of a thyroid doctor's office in the southern German endemic goiter region. We found in the university clinic 54% patients with interfering factors, 30% with iodine contamination and 20% with multiple interferences. In the physician's practice there were 18%, nearly all treated with thyroid hormone. The influence of those factors on thyroidal technetium uptake and the resulting restriction on its diagnostic value is discussed.

Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Quantitative whole-body skeletal scintigraphy with a gamma camera and pinhole collimator].

Quantitative evaluation of whole-body bone scans is valuable for the description of metabolic activity in systemic bone disease and provides parameters of whole-body activity retention up to 24 h after injection of the radiopharmacon, of bone to soft tissue relation and of the activity in the epiphysis and diaphysis. A combination of whole-body imaging by a gamma-camera with pinhole collimator and a series of single pictures evaluated by the ROI technique is able to record these parameters with sufficient precision. This is demonstrated by measuring phantoms, and patients with and without bone disease. In 34 patients with systemic bone disease the quantitative parameters are altered partially, the changes however are insufficient for their differential diagnosis.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1983

[Gated blood pool scanning in the diagnosis of coronary disease. A prospective study to compare cineventriculography and 2-dimensional echocardiography].

38 patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease were studied by contrast ventriculography, 2-dimensional echocardiography and multiple gated blood pool imaging (MUGA) without stress. The results were compared with each other and with the final diagnosis confirmed by coronary angiography. The left ventricular ejection fraction is evaluated nearly identically and with sufficient accuracy by both non-invasive methods, local motion abnormalities are on the other hand diagnosed in the best way by MUGA imaging in our own cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Quantitative lung perfusion scintigraphy in lung function diagnosis].

A new method is described for quantitative evaluation in lung perfusion scintigraphy, which allows to conclude from the increased perfusion of normal lung-tissue to a virtual total lung perfusion. The relationship between this and the real total lung perfusion leads to the pulmonary perfusion defects in per cent. The findings of a comparison of 40 patients between the perfusion scan method and the lung function tests is presented, which proves the validity of the new method. It is shown that restrictive lung diseases have a good and obstructive have a bad correlation. It is demonstrated furthermore that the perfusion defects of bronchogenic carcinoma can be quantified very well by the method.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Results of lung perfusion and lung ventilation scintigraphy following surgery of diaphragmatic defects].

To elucidate the question whether congenital hernias of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic defects are often combined with primary hypoplasia of the pulmonary vascular bed, we performed lung scintigraphy in twenty children after operation of a diaphragmatic defect. We found in 66% of the cases persisting perfusion disorders of the operated side. However, this does not prove primary vascular hypoplasia, because a postoperative ventilation disorder with secondary perfusion disorder cannot be excluded. Ventilation scintigraphy with krypton-81m showed good results in all cases, so that the combination of good ventilation and restricted perfusion indicates primary vascular hypoplasia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Skeletal scintigraphy in the care of breast cancer . Long-term follow-up over 8 years].

In a retrospective study 1704 whole-body bone scans of 807 female and 7 male patients with breast cancer performed from 1974 to 1981 were reevaluated considering the incidence of bone metastases in staging and follow-up, the response of metastatic uptake to treatment as well as sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic procedure. The yield of positive bone scans in staging was 23.7% at all and depended on T stage with a comparably high incidence of 8.8% in stage T1 and T2. Subsequently within 6 years follow-up further 26% were developing bone metastases. The long time response of known metastases to treatment was ambient, 65% of the scans found without some essential change. The incidence of bone metastases combined with a calculated sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 91% is justifying the use of bone scans in every stage and every phase of assessing breast cancer.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid carcinoma in childhood.

Nine patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer aged 9-20 years were treated by thyroidectomy and subsequent irradiation with radioactive iodine. The dose applied was 10-50 mCi when there were no metastases, 50-100 mCi when there were regional or distant metastases. The group of children is compared with a group of 16 adults aged 21-30 years. In an observation time of 1-16 years, all patients are alive and without recurrences or metastases. There are no complications; only one patient with neck dissection and external irradiation has had local complaints and difficulties with hormone substitution.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[The scintigraphic diagnosis and follow-up of injuries to the epiphyseal plates (author's transl)].

Injuries to the epiphysel plates without involvement of the epiphyses or metaphyses, such as crush fractures or pure epiphysiolysis may be difficult to diagnose radiologically. Thirteen bone scans after damage to the growth plate have been performed on eight children. These indicate that these scans are able to diagnose lesions of the epiphyseal plates at an early stage and with certainty. The scintigrams also provide information concerning the healing process of the plate; they indicate when healing has been completed and when the extremity can be used for weight-bearing again. Radiation exposure of the children during scintigraphy with 99mTc-polyphosphate is within acceptable limits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Quantitative whole-body bone scintigraphy. I. Methodology (author's transl)].

Quantitative whole-body bone scintigraphy is a method for evaluating digital bone scans. Its principles are: use of a double detector scanner and correction of attenuation and organ thickness effects in the scan; its results: calculation of whole-body activity, relation of bone, soft tissue and organ activity, distribution of the activity in single regions of the skeleton expressed as a percentage. The mean error of the results of 10%. By comparison with a standardized normal scan a local concentration factor for focal and diffuse bone alterations expressing quantitatively increased bone metabolism. The calculation is made automatically by computer. Further papers will report on the application of the method to the evaluation of the kinetics of bone seekers and on clinical experiences.

Bone and Bones↗