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Biomedical subjects

K Aterman

Publications and source records attributed to K Aterman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The stem cells of the liver--a selective review.

The current status of the much-debated question of the still-hypothetical stem cells of the liver is reviewed, with an emphasis on their role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The widely held view of the primacy of the hepatocyte, notably of the mononuclear diploid type, in this process--the "hepatocytic theory"--has been compared with variants of the "stem cell hypothesis" based on the "non-parenchymal epithelial cells" of the liver--the "oval" or biliary ductular cells, the "nondescript periductular" cells and the "primitive" bipotential epithelial cells. An attempt has been made to concentrate mainly on the more recent publications, in an effort to balance the conflicting opinions expressed by comparing results obtained by the newer procedures currently in use. Despite some interesting and relevant findings it appears that the evidence in favour of the stem-cell hypothesis is still circumstantial and that the hepatocytic theory has not been invalidated. Presumably the question of the hepatic stem cells will be answered when the riddle of hepatocarcinogenesis has been solved.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1990

Pronephros and mesonephros--Cohnheim revisited.

Erroneous quotations in the literature and Cohnheim's statement, in his Lectures on General Pathology, that the Wolffian body or mesonephros is the first anlage of the urogenital system prompted this description of the growth of our knowledge of the early development of the kidney. Some of the pertinent older literature is reviewed, and the concept of the holonephros, as opposed to the trinephric view of kidney development, is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the decreasing functional significance of the pronephros with evolutionary development, to the extent that the role of the pronephros in the human is questioned. Cohnheim's seemingly erroneous reference to the development of the kidney is shown to be merely a reflection of the views current at his time.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1989

Extrarenal nephroblastomas.

The cases of extrarenal nephroblastoma published in the world literature have been tabulated and reviewed, and are discussed from a historical point of view.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Karl Touton and his "xanthelasmatic giant cell." A selective review of multinucleated giant cells.

The position of the Touton giant cell in relation to the foreign body and Langhans type of giant cell is considered. (A short account of Karl Touton's life is also included.) After reviewing the historical development of the concept of giant cells and current interpretations of their nature, the unitarian view of polykaryons now favored by workers in the field is extended to include also the "xanthelasmatic giant cell" of Touton, whose characteristic appearance is determined merely by the presence of demonstrable lipid in the cytoplasm. It is proposed that Touton cells develop when the stimulus to cell fusion is accompanied also by a factor stimulating lipid uptake. This factor is missing in the development of the other two giant cell "types," but apart from that there are no other significant differences.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1987

Localized hepatocarcinogenesis: the response of the liver and kidney to implanted carcinogens.

Attempts by early workers to induce liver tumours by the local implantation of carcinogens had by and large not been successful, so that the liver came to be viewed as being "resistant" to tumourigenesis by this means. A review of these early studies showed not only that fibrosarcomas could be easily induced by the local application of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-M.C.), but that there were also reasons why the apparently low susceptibility of the liver to the localised induction of hepatocellular tumours should not be accepted as established dogma. In an attempt to re-investigate this problem pellets made of cholesterol (CHOL), anthracene (ANT), alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), 3-M.C. or 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) were implanted into the livers of male litter-mate weanling rats. The evolution of the response was studied by histological examination of the implantation site at varying intervals. In each instance the liver responded with the formation of a firm, complete connective tissue capsule which, however, did not prevent the gradual degradation of the implants. No tumours or other significant changes were observed with the control implants of CHOL or ANT. ANIT, known to damage biliary ducts, elicited what appeared to be an intense serous exudation which was separated from the adjacent parenchyma by a shell-like deposition of calcium in the connective tissue capsule. No significant biliary changes were observed, however, and no tumours were produced. Attention should be drawn to this reproducible, regularly occurring, in vivo model of extra-osseous calcification. The 3-M.C. induced a high incidence of large solitary bosselated tumours associated with the carcinogenic pellet which was found embedded in the tumour mass. The architectural arrangement and bizarre cytological appearance of the tumours led to the currently widely used diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (M.F.H.) rather than the fibrosarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma of the early workers. Some tumours produced large numbers of implantation metastases in the peritoneal cavity, but no distant metastases were observed in this series. Of particular interest is the fact that it was not possible to determine the site of origin of these tumours despite histological sampling at intervals of the site of implantation of the pellets. In contrast to these pleomorphic, clearly mesenchymal tumours reliably produced by 3-M.C., the implantation of pellets of DAB produced fewer tumours which were classified as large, singly occurring hepatocellular carcinomas (H.C.C.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The response of poorly differentiated prostatic tumors to staining for prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: a comparative study.

A comparative study was done of the usefulness of immunohistochemical stains for prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in 20 poorly differentiated prostatic tumors. The stain for prostatic acid phosphatase was preferable to the prostate specific antigen stain not only because it was more intense and, therefore, more visible but also because it often was positive in areas in which an equivocal or negative stain was obtained with prostate specific antigen.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Stenosis of individual pulmonary veins: radiologic findings.

Congenital stenosis of individual pulmonary veins is uncommon. Of the 49 cases reported, four were seen at the IWK Hospital for Children and are reported here. Plain radiographs show a shift of the heart toward the side of major involvement, Kerley B lines, fluid in the fissures, and interstitial edema of the affected lobes. These findings, while subtle, should nevertheless suggest stenosis. Technetium-99m macro-aggregate lung perfusion scans show absence of or diminished perfusion of the affected lobes. The diagnosis can usually be confirmed with angiography. Congenital stenosis of individual pulmonary veins should be considered in children with repeated pulmonary infections, dyspnea, failure to thrive, hemoptysis, or unexplained pulmonary hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The use of BMC Chemstrip 9 in the macroscopic urine screening procedure.

The usefulness of a stick test for detection of leukocyte esterase activity in urine as part of a "macroscopic screen" was examined, as well as the efficiency of our existing broad screening criteria for detecting abnormalities in urine without microscopic examination. In a study of 923 unselected urine samples submitted to the laboratory, a false-negative rate of 0.6% was observed as judged by microscopic examination. The results of our present studies tend to confirm the usefulness of our "screen" program. The new leukocyte esterase test has been demonstrated to be an important adjunct to the macroscopic screening program.

Esterases↗
PubMed1984

Hemorrhagic panniculitis caused by atheromatous embolization. A case report and brief review.

This brief review of the phenomenon of atheromatous emboli to the skin was prompted by the observation of a specimen in which a sizable mass of hemorrhagic panniculitis clinically simulated a "cyst" or "tumor" in a woman aged 90 years. While atheromatous embolization in other organs is well known and has been described in detail, the phenomenon in the skin has infrequently been reported, and therefore the attention of dermatopathologists is once more drawn to this occurrence.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

The syndrome of caudal dysplasia: a review, including etiologic considerations and evidence of heterogeneity.

The syndrome of caudal dysplasia (CDS) and the wide spectrum of associated skeletal and other anomalies are reviewed, and a further case of this disorder is presented. The syndrome of CDS should be distinguished from the familial forms of sacral dysgenesis, three forms of which are tentatively identified. Two of these usually involve some degree of "hemi-sacrum." The third is usually manifested as partial sacral agenesis with absent distal segments. All these familial types are probably genetic dominants, and none is associated with maternal diabetes. Usually CDS is not familial, but it often is associated with a tendency toward diabetes in the mother. The suggestion is advanced here that CDS is the result of a combination of two principal factors represented by (a) a maternal diabetic tendency and (b) separate nondiabetogenic genes. Determination of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes involved in CDS is suggested to investigate the possibility of genetically distinctive factors in this condition.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Presumed primary malignant melanoma of the gallbladder. Report of a case and a review of literature.

Primary malignant melanomas of the gallbladder are rare lesions that have been the subject of debate. Only 11 such cases have been reported. The debate is reviewed and conflicting opinions of workers in the field are discussed. Attention is drawn to some of the features that are said to characterize the lesions presumed to be primary melanomas of the gallbladder, such as polypoid growth, "junctional" changes in the normal mucosa, and, above all, absence of other demonstrable primary foci of malignant melanomas. What at first appeared to be the 12th case of this rare entity, and in the youngest patient at that, is now described by light and electron microscopy, but a more likely possibility, supported by biopsy of the skin, is that an undiagnosed malignant melanoma in the skin had undergone complete regression after it had metastasized to the gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Presumed homozygous achondroplasia. A review and report of a further case.

Presumptive homozygous achondroplasia (PHA) is a rare disorder. The clinical and detailed histological findings of the fifth case of this chondrodystrophy, studied in detail, are presented here. There is a severe disorder of the normal growth of the long bones, whose nature, however, is not well understood; it shows some resemblance to the pathological changes described in thanatophoric dysplasia which also presents many clinical similarities. The aspect of greatest interest, however, is the relation of PHA to the "classical" form of achondroplasia. Some investigators have maintained that in that disorder there are no significant qualitative, and at most some quantitative, alterations in the growth plate to be demonstrated by histologic examination, but have not explained the apparent abnormalities in the development of the bones and in the external phenotype, which appears to be a milder expression of that seen in PHA. In view of the genetic relationship and external phenotypic similarity one would also have expected in "classical" achondroplasia a milder form of the severe changes seen in PHA. Judging by some of the published reports this is not the case. Attention is drawn to this intriguing discrepancy.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1983

Monomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum in a newborn (case report and ultrastructural findings).

Salivary gland type adenomas of the nasal septum are rare tumors in adults and even rarer in children. There has been no previous report of such a tumor in a neonate. We have described a tumor of the nasal septum whose light and electron microscopic appearances are consistent with an origin from minor salivary gland or nasal mucous glands. Ultrastructural findings presented do not suggest an origin from the embryonic organ of Jacobson (vomeronasal organ). The biological behaviour of this tumor in the neonate is unknown. A study of similar cases will be necessary to elucidate the incidence and natural history of intranasal adenomas in the neonate.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

The brothers Lumière. Pioneers in medical photography.

A brief historical sketch of the brothers Lumière, the inventors of the cinématographe, is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on their perfection of "Autochromes," photographic plates suitable for color photography, and on their foresight in putting these advances to use in medical illustrations.

France↗