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Biomedical subjects

K Autio

Publications and source records attributed to K Autio.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Detection of Active Yeast Cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in Frozen Dough Sections.

A new method based on fluorescence microscopy was developed to detect active yeast cells in cryosections of wheat dough. The sections were stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and counterstained with Evans blue. The active yeast cells in the sections appeared brilliant yellow and were readily distinguished from the red dough matrix. The dead cells allowed penetration of the Evans blue through the cell membrane, which interfered with the DAPI staining and caused the dead cells to blend into the red environment. The number of active yeast cells in fermenting dough sections containing different proportions of living and dead yeast cells correlated well with the gas-forming capability of the yeast in the dough but not with the results of the conventional plate count method. The new method allows the study of yeast activity not only during the different stages of frozen dough processing but also during the fermentation of doughs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Determination of 6-thioguanine resistant lymphocytes in human blood by immunohistochemical antibromodeoxyuridine staining.

An immunohistochemical method for the determination of 6-thioguanine resistant (TGr) lymphocytes in human blood samples has been developed. The new technique is a modification of the autoradiographic assay and uses labelling of DNA synthesizing cells by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) instead of tritiated thymidine. The label is detected immunohistochemically by using a monoclonal antibody against BrdU in single-stranded DNA. Thawed cryopreserved isolated mononuclear cells are cultured with (TG cultures) and without (control cultures) TG for 40 h, the last 16 h with BrdU. The cells are harvested, fixed and put on microscopic slides; for the TG cultures, all material is used, while slides from the control culture are prepared at a dilution of 1:300. The immunohistochemical staining of the slides involves denaturation of DNA in formamide, incubation with anti-BrdU-DNA antibody, followed by a secondary antibody conjugated with peroxidase and staining with diaminobenzidine. Nuclei that have incorporated BrdU appear brown while all other material remains unstained. The number of all labelled nuclei is scored similarly in control and TG slides and the frequency of TGr lymphocytes is obtained by dividing the number of labelled nuclei in TG slides with that (multiplied by the dilution factor) in control slides. The anti-BrdU method will much simplify and speed up the microscopical evaluation of the TG variants and is very suitable for automation.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1987

Cytogenetic and immunologic characterization of mitotic cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Lymphocytes from 14 patients with chronic B-cell leukaemia (B-CLL) and one with chronic T-cell leukaemia (T-CLL) were studied by the MAC (Morphology, Antibodies, Chromosomes) method, which allows simultaneous analysis of the morphology, immunologic phenotype and karyotype of the same mitotic cell. Use of the MAC-method in present studies has yielded new information about the cytogenetics of CLL. Although most of the interphase cells from patients with B-CLL were positive for B-cell markers, many of the mitotic cells turned out to be T cells, supporting the notion that the cells studied by conventional chromosome analysis are often non-neoplastic T cells. In some B-CLL cases with normal karyotype in the conventional chromosome study, however, most of the mitotic cells were B cells, indicating that neoplastic B cells may also have a normal karyotype. The patient with T-CLL had normal karyotype even though most of the mitoses were T cells. The chromosome abnormalities found were restricted to cells with light chain clonality. Our results show that clonal chromosome abnormalities do occur in neoplastic B cells of patients with B-CLL.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Electrophoretic studies of blood globin preparations.

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) across an urea gradient, and titration curves obtained by IEF-electrophoresis with and without urea, were used to characterize porcine and bovine haemoglobin and globins prepared either by the cold-acetone method (native globin) or by a new method based on haem precipitation with a dilute carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution at acidic pH. CMC-treated bovine globins dissociated at moderately low urea concentration into alpha and beta subunits. In native bovine globin and in CMC-treated porcine globin, one intense band consisting of both alpha and beta subunits was stable to urea at the isoelectric point (pI), but was dissociated into subunits below the pI. Common to all titration curves of the globins was a marked reduction in mobility at pH below 5.0 in the case of bovine globin and below 6.0 in the case of porcine globin because of the formation of an aggregate. In all globin samples except spray-dried bovine globin the main band remained stable between the pI and the pH of aggregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of oxidation of the sulfur atom on the mutagenicity of ethylenethiourea.

Ethylenethiourea is metabolized in mice by oxidation of the sulfur atom to form 2-imidazolin-2-yl sulfenate. Ethylenethiourea itself is a carcinogen, goitrogen, teratogen and a weak bacterial mutagen. The mutagenicities of ethylenethiourea, 2-imidazolin-2-yl sulfenate and their nitroso derivatives were compared in direct bacterial tests and in the host-mediated assay. In all the test systems applied, 2-imidazolin-2-yl sulfenate was less mutagenic than the parent compound.

Ethylenethiourea↗
PubMed1981

Chromosome changes in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Karyotypes were studied in B- and T-lymphocyte cultures from 66 patients with B-cell CLL and two patients wtih T-cell CLL. Thirty-one of the B-cell cases had not been treated for their disease; 35 had received radiotherapy, corticosteroids, or cytostatic drugs. Only one of the untreated patients had a clone with an abnormal karyotype. This was present in all her mitotic cells found in cultures containing lipopolysaccharide B (LPS, a B-cell mitogen) and 10% of those in cultures with pokeweed mitogen (PWM, a T- and B-cell mitogen). The karyotype of this clone was 46,XX,t(6;7),t(7;13),t(11;14). Four of the treated patients had clones with specific chromosome changes. These were 47,XY,+12 in 10% of leukoagglutinin (LA, T-cell mitogen) and protein A (PA, T- and B-cell mitogen) cultures in one case; 47,XX,+12,del(14) in 80% of LPS cultures and in all spontaneously dividing cells in another case; 46,XY,t(6;20) in all LPS cultures in another; and 46,XX,t(1;8) in all PA cultures in another. Both structural and numerical nonclonal chromosome aberrations (9%) were found in 24% of the different cultures of cells from untreated patients, and in 15% of the cells in 20% of the different cultures in the patient who had received treatment. Both patients with T-cell CLL had receive) in all PA cultures in another. Both structural and numerical nonclonal chromosome aberrations (9%) were found in 24% of the different cultures of cells from untreated patients, and in 15% of the cells in 20% of the different cultures in the patient who had received treatment. Both patients with T-cell CLL had receive) in all PA cultures in another. Both structural and numerical nonclonal chromosome aberrations (9%) were found in 24% of the different cultures of cells from untreated patients, and in 15% of the cells in 20% of the different cultures in the patient who had received treatment. Both patients with T-cell CLL had received treatment for their disease, and had a normal karyotype in all cultures.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Chromosome segregation and expression of rat immunoglobulins in rat/mouse hybrid myelomas.

The chromosome segregation of hybrid myelomas from a fusion of rat immunized spleen cells and the mouse myeloma P3-X63-Ag8 has been analysed. Chromosome loss appears to be nonrandom. Most mouse chromosomes are retained. The rat chromosome are preferentially lost but a few--particularly 1-5 and 13--are rarely lost. The specific retention of some rat chromosomes explains the stability of rat Ig expression in mouse-rat hybrids. Correlation of chromosome loss and retention and loss of rat heavy and light chains leads us to propose chromosome 14 as coding for the heavy chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Surface markers and activation of lymphocytes.

Cell surface markers and the responses of lymphocytes to T- and B-cell mitogens were studied in 10 patients with CCL. T cells were identified as cells rosetting with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and S-Ig was used as a marker for B lymphocytes. Most cells from all patients had a detectable amounts of S-Ig, and the percentage of cells rosetting with SRBC was low in all cases. Of the lymphocytes from these patients, 3-74% (mean 33%) were positive for the acid esterase (ANAE), which has been claimed to be a T-cell marker. However, some patients had cells that were positive for both S-Ig and ANAE. Acid esterase staining is therefore not a valid T-cell marker in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. In cultures containing the T-cell mitogen leucoagglutinin (LA) and the T- and B-cell mitogen pokeweed mitogen (PWM) the reactivity of the lymphocytes was low. The cells responded vigorously to the T- and B-cell mitogen protein A (PA); however, the response was serum-dependent, being strong in a culture medium containing foetal calf serum (FCS), but impaired in the presence of human AB serum. Only 1 patient had cells that responded to the B-cell mitogen LPS.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Activation of lymphocytes in CLL by protein A from Staphylococcus aureus.

The mitogenic activity of protein A (PA), leucoagglutinin (LA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was tested in six cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), and the response to PA and LA in six healthy controls. The effect of foetal calf serum (FCS) and pooled human AB serum in the cultures was tested in two patients. The response to LA in the patients was about one tenth of that in the controls. The response to PA was strong both in patients and in healthy controls. However, in lymphocytes from CLL patients this response was serum-dependent, being very strong with FCS in the culture medium, but absent when the medium contained human AB serum. Lymphocytes from normal controls responded to PA in the presence of AB serum.

Agglutinins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integration of knowledge-based system and database for identification of disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance.

We describe a knowledge-based system which automatically identifies fluid and electrolyte disorders in intensive care patients. The knowledge-based system was built and interfaced to an existing patient data management system (PDMS) in Kuopio University Central Hospital to evaluate the potential of knowledge-based techniques in information management and decision support in the high dependency environment. Because of the integration, the system does not require any manual data input, and it provides a natural extension and increased performance to a current patient data management system used in clinical practise. The paper discusses design considerations and gives the system description. The evaluation of the experimental system in clinical use showed that it performed almost as well as junior clinicians of the intensive care unit.

Artificial Intelligence↗