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Biomedical subjects

K Aziz

Publications and source records attributed to K Aziz.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Short report: comparison of two orally administered bowel preparations for colonoscopy--polyethylene glycol and sodium picosulphate.

Fifty-nine consecutive patients admitted for colonoscopy were randomized to receive polyethylene glycol or sodium picosulphate. Patients expressed their opinion in a questionnaire and the endoscopists, blinded to the preparation, assessed the cleanliness of different segments of the colon. There was no statistically significant difference in the taste-acceptability of the preparations, frequency of nausea, abdominal pain, peri-anal soreness or sleep disturbance between the two groups. Polyethylene glycol caused vomiting in 13% of patients while this was absent in those who received sodium picosulphate (P less than 0.05). The average number of stools passed was 12.4 in the polyethylene glycol and 8.6 in the sodium picosulphate groups; mean difference 3.8 (95% C.I. 0.7-6.9) with P less than 0.02. The overall cleanliness of the colon was better in the polyethylene glycol group (P = 0.002) as judged by the blinded colonoscopist. There was less delay (P = 0.06) and more completed colonoscopies (P = 0.01) in this group. Polyethylene glycol was a better preparation in all segments of the colon except the rectum. We conclude that polyethylene glycol is the choice of the colonoscopist and should be given to all patients; sodium picosulphate would be a good alternative if patients are intolerant. If a limited colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy is intended, sodium picosulphate may be preferred because of its acceptable efficacy and slightly advantageous side-effect profile.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of pulmonary arterial pressure by Doppler colour flow mapping in patients with a ductus arteriosus.

Blood flow in the pulmonary artery was studied by Doppler colour flow mapping and cardiac catheterisation in 19 patients with a ductus arteriosus and different pulmonary artery pressures. In the four patients with normal pulmonary artery pressures colour Doppler flow mapping showed multicoloured wide and long systolic and diastolic jets in the pulmonary artery. In the 15 patients with raised pulmonary arterial pressure the systolic jets varied from multicoloured to red and were thinner: in patients with considerably raised pulmonary arterial pressure the jets became redder during diastole. The Doppler velocity tracings showed that in patients with normal pulmonary artery pressures the mean peak systolic velocity was higher than the mean end diastolic velocity--so that in all four the ratio of peak systolic velocity to end diastolic velocity was less than 2. The mean peak systolic velocity was much higher than the mean end diastolic velocity in 13 of the 15 patients with raised pulmonary artery pressure; this meant that the ratio of peak systolic velocity to end diastolic velocity was greater than 2 in 10 of 11 patients. The end diastolic velocity was significantly lower in those patients with raised pulmonary artery pressure than in those with normal artery pressure. There was an inverse linear correlation between the mean pulmonary artery pressure and end diastolic ductal jet velocity in 17 of the 19 patients. Colour flow mapping and this quantitative Doppler technique can detect pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with a ductus arteriosus.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

Drugs-of-abuse testing. Screening and confirmation.

It is essential to understand that any rapid urine drugs-of-abuse screening test should be confirmed by an equally sensitive and more specific test. In this regard, the confirmation procedure chosen should provide the most accurate and unequivocal results possible. Confirmation techniques other than GC/MS may be adequate for certain drugs of abuse, but GC/MS is generally accepted as the most rigorous confirmation technique for most drugs of abuse. It provides the best confirmatory information when performed appropriately. Consumers should be aware of the limitations of screening tests and the need for more specific confirmatory testing. Each drug-of-abuse testing claim must be supported by appropriate data. Labeling instructions and other pertinent information must be accurate. Labeling for drug-testing devices must provide adequate information about the intended use and expected performance, in addition to instructions for use, known limitations, and indications of the quality of performance.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
PubMed1989

Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from treated patients in Pakistan.

An investigation was carried out to establish the extent of drug resistance among treated patients. A sample population of patients living in Lahore, Pakistan, which is a high prevalence area for tuberculosis, was studied. The total of 256 culture-positive cases in this study were divided into three groups according to the length of previous treatment. There was no significant difference in the antituberculosis treatment regimens or the drug resistance pattern among the three groups. All the patients had had at least three drugs for more than 6 months, and streptomycin and isoniazid were always included in the regimen. About one-third of the patients showed resistance to one or more drug, with the highest resistance being to streptomycin and INH. Resistance to rifampicin, which was introduced fairly recently in this area, was a little more than 5%, which is an increase from the last report.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Bias and precision of cholesterol analysis by physician's office analyzers.

We studied the bias and precision of serum cholesterol analysis by physician's office analyzers. Total imprecision (CV range, %) for analysis of serum pools was: Abbott Vision 1.5%-1.9%; Ames Seralyzer 3.9%-4.5%; BMD Reflotron 2.3%-3.8%; Chrometrics Cholesterol Test System 2.3%-2.8%; Kodak DT-60 1.6%-2.2%. The Ames Seralyzer exhibited an excessive between-run component of variation. We collected, from 109 volunteers, samples of venous serum, heparin-treated whole blood, heparin-treated plasma, and fingerstick whole blood, and analyzed each type (where possible) with each system; serum was also analyzed in duplicate (by a proposed Reference Method) at the Centers for Disease Control. For assays with serum, the BMD Reflotron and Kodak DT-60 exhibited negative bias. All systems gave lower results for plasma and whole blood than for serum. All systems except the Kodak DT-60 were less precise for analysis of patients' sera than for analysis of serum pools; between-specimen variables may influence the results of these systems.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1986

Roles of adroxazine, a new heterocyclic hormone of the adrenals, and leucogenenol, a thymothyroid hormone, in the formation of blood cells.

Treatment of normal rats with the thymothyroid hormone leucogenenol accelerates the rate at which the 'functional' cells, neutrophils, red blood cells and lymphocytes, develop in the bone marrow from their corresponding committed precursor cells. Following the initial treatment of normal rats with leucogenenol, there is a temporary elevation in the bone marrow of the relative concentrations of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts. It has now been found that bilaterally adrenalectomized rats have a different response from normal rats to treatment with leucogenenol. Although treatment of bilaterally adrenalectomized rats with leucogenenol accelerates the rate of development of their functional cells, the initial injection of leucogenenol is followed by a temporary decrease in the relative concentrations of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts in their bone marrow. Additionally, adrenalectomized rats treated concurrently with tritiated thymidine and leucogenenol show a significant lower percentage of labeled cells in their bone marrow than do correspondingly treated normal rats. These results indicate that adrenalectomized rats have a lower than normal concentration of stem cells in their bone marrow that can be committed to become functional cells. Treatment with adroxazine, a new recently isolated heterocyclic hormone of the adrenals, causes adrenalectomized rats to respond as normal rats to the injection of leucogenenol. There is a temporary elevation of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts in their bone marrow as well as a normal increase in the percentage of cells that are labeled following concurrent treatment with tritiated thymidine and leucogenenol. It may be concluded that treatment with adroxazine increases the rate of replication of uncommitted bone marrow stem cells while treatment with leucogenenol increases the rate at which committed cells develop into their respective functional cells. A scheme is presented to show the suggested roles that leucogenenol and adroxazine play in regulating the formation of blood cells.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1983

Effect of leucogenenol, a thymothyroid hormone, on the enzymes and several other constituents of the serum.

It has been found that rats treated with the thymothyroid hormone, leucogenenol, have significantly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in their serum 8 hrs. later. These levels remain elevated for 24 hrs. and 12 hrs., respectively. The concentrations of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine in the serum are not affected by treatment with leucogenenol. These results are in agreement with the previously reported findings that treatment with leucogenenol increases the rate of development of blood cells of the bone marrow, increases the rate of recovery from immunosuppression and enhances the immune response.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Exercise tolerance after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

Twelve patients who had undergone complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot at ages ranging from 8 to 27 years were studied for exercise tolerance several years later. Work performance ranged from 58 to 130% of that predicted. Increased physiological dead space and alveolar-arterial Po2 difference at exercise suggested pulmonary vascular disease, which was confirmed in 1 patient by pulmonary angiography. Excercise tolerance decreased with increasing age at time of repair, underlining the desirability of early corrective operation.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molybdenum requirements in low-birth-weight infants receiving parenteral and enteral nutrition.

BACKGROUND: Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element required by three enzymatic systems, yet there are no reports of Mo deficiency in infants. Low-birth-weight infants (LBW) might be at risk for Mo deficiency because they are born before adequate stores for Mo can be acquired, they have rapid growth requiring increased intakes, and they frequently receive supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) unsupplemented with molybdenum. METHODS: To investigate Mo requirements of LBW infants (n = 16; birth weight, 1336+/-351 g; gestational age, 29.8+/-2.5 weeks; M+/-SD), the authors collected all feeds, urine, and feces prior to TPN (baseline, n = 16, collections = 16), during TPN (n = 9, collections = 19), during SPN (n = 13, collections = 17), and after one week of full oral feeds (FOFs) of formula or human milk (FOF, n = 16, collections = 16). RESULTS: Infant weights at collection times were: 1.3+/-0.3 g, 1.27+/-0.4 g, 1.4+/-0.3 g, and 1.7+/-0.5 g, respectively. Mo intake was 0.03+/-0.1 microg/d, 0.34+/-0.1 microg/d, 1.25+/-1.7 microg/d, and 6.1+/-2.5 microg/d. Mo output was 0.64+/-0.6, 0.34+/-0.5, 0.68+/-0.8, and 4.1+/-2.5 microg/d. Mo balance at these times was -0.60+/-0.5, -0.001+/-0.5, 0.57+/-1.9, and 2.0+/-2.9 microg/d. Mo balance increased with time, yet some infants were always in negative balance, even though Mo intakes exceeded recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: The authors speculate that an intravenous intake of 1 microg/kg/d (10 nmol/kg/d) and an oral intake of 4-6 microg/kg/d (40-60 nmol/kg/d) would be adequate for the LBW infant.

Enteral Nutrition↗