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Biomedical subjects

K B King

Publications and source records attributed to K B King.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Cyclical articular joint loading leads to cartilage thinning and osteopontin production in a novel in vivo rabbit model of repetitive finger flexion.

OBJECTIVE: An in vivo rabbit model of repetitive joint flexion and loading was used to characterize the morphological effects of cyclical loading on articular cartilage. DESIGN: The forepaw digits of eight anesthetized New Zealand White adult female rabbits were repetitively flexed at 1 Hz with a mean peak digit load of 0.42 N for 2 h per day for 60 cumulative hours. Metacarpophalangeal joints were collected from loaded and contra-lateral control limbs, fixed, decalcified, embedded, and thin-sectioned. Serial sections were stained for histology or for immunohistochemistry. Morphometric data including the mean thicknesses of the uncalcified cartilage and of the calcified cartilage were collected from digital photomicrographs of safranin O-stained sections. The number of cells stained with anti-osteopontin antibody was counted. RESULTS: We observed a decrease in uncalcified cartilage mean thickness with no significant change in calcified cartilage thickness. We also observed a significant increase in the number of cells positive for osteopontin (OPN) in the uncalcified cartilage. These changes occurred without overt cartilage surface degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclical loading leads to changes at the tissue and cellular levels in articular cartilage. These changes are suggestive of tidemark advancement and may indicate a reactivation of cartilage mineralization steps analogous to endochondral ossification. This novel in vivo rabbit model of repetitive flexion and loading can be used to investigate the effects of cyclical loading on articular joints.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Emotional and functional outcomes in women with coronary heart disease.

Instruments used to measure emotional and functional outcomes of coronary heart disease show a fairly high level of consistency. Scores on depression scales are typically higher in women than men, yet this finding must be balanced with data showing that mean scores for depression are low. Both sexes report moderate levels of anxiety after a cardiac event; however, global mental health is rated as relatively high. Women report lower levels of physical activity and higher levels of disruption in functional activities than men. Women also report resuming household activities early in their recovery, a finding most likely reflective of traditional role responsibilities. Last, for both sexes, emotional distress and functional disability decrease over time and appear to be stable by 6 months after the event.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

The effects of collagen fragments on the extracellular matrix metabolism of bovine and human chondrocytes.

Cartilage matrix degradation generates collagen type II fragments. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility that these collagen fragments may be part of an endogenous metabolic feedback. Initially, collagen fragments were extracted from normal or osteoarthritic cartilage, as part of a matrix fragment preparation. Later, collagen fragments were generated by digestion of bovine collagen type II with bacterial collagenase (col2f). These fragments were added to cultures of isolated chondrocytes (bovine and human) and cartilage explants (human). In a dose-dependent manner, col2f caused inhibition of cell attachment to collagen, inhibition of collagen synthesis, and induction of matrix degradation. In addition, when col2f were added to human cartilage explants, an induction of gelatinase activity was detected in the media. These data sets present first evidence that degradation products of collagen may be directly involved in the regulation of cartilage homeostasis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Awareness, perception, and knowledge of heart disease risk and prevention among women in the United States. American Heart Association Women's Heart Disease and Stroke Campaign Task Force.

CONTEXT: One of 2 women in the United States dies of heart disease or stroke, yet women are underdiagnosed and undertreated for these diseases and their risk factors. Informed decisions to prevent heart disease and stroke depend on awareness of risk factors and knowledge of behaviors to prevent or detect these diseases. OBJECTIVE: Assess (1) knowledge of risks of heart disease and stroke and (2) perceptions of heart disease and its prevention among women in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING: Telephone survey conducted in 1997 of US households, including an oversample of African American and Hispanic women. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand respondents 25 years or older; 65.8% white, 13.0% African American, and 12.6% Hispanic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge of heart disease and stroke risks, perceptions of heart disease, and knowledge of symptoms and preventive measures. RESULTS: Only 8% of the respondents identified heart disease and stroke as their greatest health concerns; less than 33% identified heart disease as the leading cause of death. More women aged 25 to 44 years identified breast cancer as the leading cause of death than women 65 years or older. Women aged 25 to 44 years indicated they were not well informed about heart disease and stroke. Although 90% of the women reported that they would like to discuss heart disease or risk reduction with their physicians, more than 70% reported that they had not. CONCLUSIONS: Most women do not perceive that heart disease is a substantial health concern and report that they are not well informed about their risk. Age influenced knowledge to a greater extent than ethnicity. Programs directed at young women that address the effects of lifestyle behaviors on long-term health are needed. Better communication between physicians and patients is also warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Reasons for use of hormone replacement therapy in women undergoing coronary angiography.

The recommendation has been made that all women be counseled about the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Use of HRT among women undergoing coronary angiography was explored to assess whether patterns of use were similar to data drawn from community samples. Using a descriptive design, a convenience sample of 414 postmenopausal women was interviewed. Fifty-eight percent had never used HRT, 18.3% were past users, and 23.7% were currently using HRT. The primary reason given for ever using HRT was for symptoms of menopause. Less than 14% of women cited coronary heart disease (CHD) or osteoporosis as their primary reason for using HRT. The most common reasons for stopping HRT were side effects and fear of cancer. The most common reasons given for never having used HRT were that their healthcare provider had never talked about it and that they had never thought about it. Use of HRT among women undergoing coronary angiography is similar to that found in community samples. The challenge is to promote patient-provider interactions that include information about HRT based on the scientific model as well as attention to women's individual concerns.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Prevention of heart disease in women: recommendations for management of risk factors.

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in women in the U.S. Unfortunately, efforts for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease are less than optimal. The need to emphasize prevention of coronary heart disease in women in important because first events are often fatal in women. Factors that are unique in terms of their influence on risk for coronary heart disease in women include age, reproductive and hormonal status, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and the presence of diabetes. A consistent plan to address risk factor management of each woman is the key to long term risk reduction. Nurses and nurse practitioners, working in any setting, can use the recommendations presented in this paper to help women reduce their risk for coronary heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Expression of anchorin CII (cartilage annexin V) in human young, normal adult, and osteoarthritic cartilage.

In its tissue-specific function as a collagen receptor of chondrocytes, cartilage annexin V (anchorin CII) occupies a key position in the organization of the cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) junction for the tissue. The general role of annexin V (Anx V) in other tissues suggests involvement in cellular secretory processes and in regulation of apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of Anx V in growth plate cartilage, confirmed by in situ hybridization, suggests that Anx V is prominently expressed and forms a major constituent of growth plate chondrocytes. Anx V epitopes are also located in the pericellular matrix of hypertrophic cartilage. In adult articular cartilage the expression is downregulated, with the highest levels of immunostaining found in the upper third of the articular cartilage layers and almost no antigen found in the deep layers. Osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage is characterized by a significant upregulation of message and protein throughout the entire depth of the tissue, an accumulation of cytoplasmic annexin V epitopes, and a release of epitopes into the pericellular and interterritorial matrix, in part co-localized with granular structures. Therefore, Anx V expression and tissue distribution may serve as a histological marker for metabolic alterations and for changes in the cellular phenotype associated with OA.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Optimism, coping and long-term recovery from coronary artery surgery in women.

Optimism, coping strategies, and psychological and functional outcomes were measured in 55 women undergoing coronary artery surgery. Data were collected in-hospital and at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Optimism was related to positive moods and life satisfaction, and inversely related to negative moods. Few relationships were found between optimism and functional ability. Cognitive coping strategies accounted for a mediating effect between optimism and negative mood. Optimists were more likely to accept their situation, and less likely to use escapism. In turn, these coping strategies were inversely related to negative mood and mediated the relationship between optimism and this outcome. Optimism was not related to problem-focused coping strategies; this, these coping strategies cannot explain the relationship between optimism and outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Absence of cell-surface annexin V is accompanied by defective collagen matrix binding in the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma.

Annexin V has been characterized as a major collagen type II binding cell-surface component of normal chondrocytes and is also called anchorin CII in chondrogenic populations. Herein we present evidence that in vitro cultured Swarm rat chondrosarcoma cells are not capable of binding collagen type II in significant quantities to their surfaces, as compared to normal rat chondrocytes. This finding coincides with a deficiency of annexin V on the surface of these cells. A small quantity of an intracellular polypeptide could be detected which is immunologically cross-reactive with annexin V but displayed a mobility in SDS-PAGE of less than 34 kD compared to the M(r) 36 kD of intact rat annexin V. By immunohistochemistry the protein could be localized in the cytoplasm of in vitro and in vivo grown tumor cells. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis, a regular-sized mRNA for annexin V could be detected in the chondrosarcoma cells that is expressed in only slightly lower quantities than in normal chondrocytes. Taken together, the data suggest a modified processing or turnover for annexin V in the chondrosarcoma excluding it from being a functionally active collagen type II binding protein. The findings support the hypothesis of cell-surface annexin V as a key component for the formation of the pericellular matrix of chondrocytes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Psychologic and social aspects of cardiovascular disease.

In summarizing the evidence, it becomes apparent that several psychologic and social variables are related to coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary prone behavior pattern, in particular the hostility component, appears to be related to the development and perhaps expression of CHD, whereas it is not reliably related to outcomes after CHD is manifest. Depression clearly has been shown to be related to outcomes after CHD has declared itself. Lack of social ties appears to be related to mortality, whereas emotional social support has been shown to be related to recovery from coronary events. It also seems apparent that there are subsets of vulnerable individuals who might be best served by targeted interventions. Interventions are proposed as suggested by the prevailing evidence.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1995

An educational model for the acute care nurse practitioner.

As new opportunities for acute care nurse practitioners (ACNP) evolve, there is increasing recognition of the need to distinguish between the knowledge base and the role functions generic to all advanced practice nurses, and the knowledge base specific to different areas of clinical specialization. This necessitates differentiating between converging core curriculum elements and merging the roles of advanced practice nurses. This article presents an educational model for the ACNP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Influence of expectations about symptoms on delay in seeking treatment during myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Patients having cardiac symptoms often delay for hours before seeking treatment. Educational programs have had little impact on reducing this delay time. OBJECTIVES: To identify symptoms expected by a patient during a myocardial infarction and to examine whether a discrepancy between expectations and experience influenced delay in seeking treatment. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive design was used. The setting was a large northeastern medical center. The convenience sample included 65 patients (mean age, 57; 74% men) after their first myocardial infarction. Data were collected with the Symptom Representation Questionnaire, a semi-structured interview guide that identified subjects' expectations about heart disease, actual symptom experience, and strategies used to manage the experience. RESULTS: The majority of subjects reported that they had expectations about the symptoms of heart disease that focused on location, intensity, associated symptoms, and quality. Expectations did not match the symptom experience of 74% of subjects. Subjects whose expectations did not match their experience delayed significantly longer before seeking treatment than subjects whose expectations did match their experience. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that patients have expectations about symptoms of heart disease that may influence their behavior during a myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship of emotional and tangible support to psychological well-being among older women with heart failure.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support, symptom severity, and psychological well-being in older women with heart failure. In-home interviews were conducted with 80 older women following a hospital admission for heart failure. Subjects were asked their perceptions of emotional and tangible support received, symptom severity, and psychological well-being. Greater emotional support was related to greater positive affect and satisfaction with life. Greater tangible support was related to less negative affect. Neither emotional nor tangible support buffered symptom severity. The results indicate that emotional and tangible support may each affect different aspects of psychological well-being in older women with heart failure.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Social support and long-term recovery from coronary artery surgery: effects on patients and spouses.

Using a longitudinal design, the effect of social support on recovery from coronary bypass surgery was examined in 155 patients and 103 of their spouses. Perception of the availability of 5 types of social support was relatively stable from preoperation to 1 year after surgery and was significantly related to emotional and functional outcomes. Of the 5 types of support measured, only esteem support was significantly and consistently related to outcomes for patients and spouses. This relationship was strongest within-time, and across-time relationships effects were weaker. Spouse's perception of support was related to patient outcomes, controlling for patient perceptions of support. Results suggest that perception of esteem support may be the most salient type of support related to feelings of well-being during and after an acute health-care event. In addition, perception of social support may be characterized by stable individual differences.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Bca77I: a new type-II restriction endonuclease from Bacillus caldolyticus cutting at the (A/T) increases CCGG(A/T) site.

We describe a new restriction enzyme recognizing a degenerate hexanucleotide sequence and cleaving the 5'-W increases CCGGW site (W = A or T). This enzyme cuts with high efficiency all four permutations of this sequence; ACCGGA (TCCGGT on the opposite strand), ACCGGT and TCCGGA. Methylation of the external cytosine completely blocks restriction while methylation of the internal cytosine only decreases the rate of restriction activity.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1992

Patterns of referral and recovery in women and men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

This study compares women and men undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Factors before and after coronary surgery were examined to identify variables related to mortality and morbidity. The study population included 465 women and 465 men matched for age (mean age 64.2 years) who underwent first time isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between 1983 and 1988. There were higher incidences of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, postmyocardial infarction angina, thyroid gland disease, arthritis (p less than 0.001 for all), acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.03), congestive heart failure (p = 0.03), and emergency surgery (p = 0.02) in women, whereas more men had peptic ulcer disease (p less than 0.001). The in-hospital death rate was not significantly different (women 4.3% vs men 3.7%). For all subjects, emergency surgery (p less than 0.001), significant left main narrowing (p less than 0.05) and renal disease (p less than 0.001) were related to death, whereas history of myocardial infarction (p less than 0.05) and diabetes (p less than 0.05) were related to death only in men. Age and body surface area were not related to death. After surgery men had a higher incidence of atrial arrhythmia (p less than 0.001), and women had a higher incidence of congestive heart failure (p less than 0.001). Although women did not have a higher mortality rate, the data suggest that women and men do not share all the same predictors of mortality after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Patient perceptions of quality of life after coronary artery surgery: was it worth it?

Quality of life and perceptions of the consequences of surgery were examined in 155 individuals having coronary bypass surgery. One year after surgery, subjects believing surgery was worth it because of functional improvement (n = 64) had more positive scores on subjective indicators of life satisfaction and mood than those believing surgery was worth it because it saved them from death (n = 62) or those who were not sure surgery was worth it (n = 23). Differences in perceptions of quality of life between the two groups who believed surgery was worth it are discussed in terms of focus of attention. Individuals who perceive improved functional ability may focus on concrete outcomes of surgery, whereas those who interpret the benefit of surgery in light of the alternative of death may focus their attention on affective aspects of recovery. Findings emphasize the need for using a multidimensional approach to studying quality of life.

Adult↗