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Biomedical subjects

K Böhm

Publications and source records attributed to K Böhm.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Information system of the Federal Health Monitoring System. An online database offering a wide range of health information].

The information system of the Federal Health Monitoring System (http://www.gbe-bund.de) offers as an online database a wide range of coordinated health information in words and figures. High-performance software tools allow the information to be researched, analyzed flexibly, and downloaded onto the user's own PC for subsequent processing. At present, the core of the information system represents more than 650 million data from more than 100 data sources, combined in sensible indicators. Clearly arranged diagrams, easy-to-understand texts, and precise definitions complete the offer. Documentations contain additional information on more than 200 data sources, features of surveys, methodological questions of surveys, and contact persons.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2004

[The new indicator set for health reporting activities in the German States].

In May 2003, the third revised version of the indicator set for health reporting activities was confirmed by the health ministries of all German States (Bundesländer). Modeled on the restructured indicator set which has been annotated with meta-data descriptions, most Bundesländer have now started to collect data for their specific health reporting activities. Thanks to the support provided by national data holders and the Federal Statistical Office, it has been possible to further enlarge the database and for the first time also ensure access via the Federal Statistical Office. In this contribution the authors describe the methodological and statistical principles of the indicator set. Another aspect is the benefit of the indicator set for the health reporting activities in the German States.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP)-like immunoreactivity in brains of adult patients with Down syndrome.

In Down syndrome (DS), enhanced apoptosis (programmed cell death) may play a role in the pathogenesis of characteristic early mental retardation and precocious neurodegeneration of Alzheimer-type. The human IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) genes (NAIP, c-IAP-2/HIAP-1, c-IAP-1/Hiap-2, XIAP, survivin) are an evolutionary conserved family of proteins which prevent cell death across species, implying that they act at a central, highly conserved point in the cell death cascade. Evidence for downregulation of NAIP-mRNA in fetal DS (23rd week of gestation), as found by subtractive hybridization technique challenged studies at the protein level in adult DS brain specimen. NAIP-like immunoreactivity was determined in four different regions of cerebral cortex and cerebellum in 9 adult DS patients with Alzheimer-like neuropathologic lesions, 9 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients as compared to 9 controls. For the first time, NAIP-IR could be demonstrated in different cortical regions of the human brain. Compared to control subjects, western blotting demonstrated significantly decreased levels in parietal and occipital cortex in DS and in frontal and occipital cortex in AD. While the mode of NAIP action is unknown, inhibition of certain caspases has already been demonstrated for other IAP-family members (c-IAP1, c-IAP2 and XIAP). Although decreased NAIP-IR of certain brain regions in DS and AD awaits further confirmation, the results suggest that alterations of apoptosis regulatory (inhibitory) proteins may be another feature of neurodegeneration in DS and AD.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Supercomputing in cancer research.

Human Genome Analysis and Image Processing are part of the 'Grand Challenges' in High Performance Computing. The traditional mainframe has become insufficient for these applications in Biocomputing. Scalable parallel processor systems have entered the marketplace with superior price/performance. The evaluation process of such a system by an application-oriented benchmark test suite is described. Meanwhile a large system is integrated in the client/server structure of the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum where the traditional mainframe is completely replaced by scalable systems.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1995

High performance computing for the human genome project.

Human Genome Analysis and Image Processing are part of the 'Grand Challenges' in High Performance Computing. The traditional mainframe has become insufficient for these applications in Biocomputing. New scalable parallel processor systems enter the marketplace with superior price/performance. The evaluation process of such a system by an application-oriented benchmark test suite is described. The system is integrated in the client/server structure of the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum where 'rightsizing' will eliminate the mainframe completely in the near future.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical treatment of the obliterated tympanic cavity with autologous mucous membrane cell suspension].

5 patients suffering from high-grade sound conduction deafness due to extensive adhesion process on both ears underwent tympanoplasty on one of the ears. The missing tympanic mucosa was replaced by an autologous cell suspension prepared from mucosa of the maxillary sinus. 6-12 months after re-epithelialisation of the tympanic cavity, reconstruction of the ossicular chain was performed using glasionomer cement prostheses (IONOS). 3 patients showed an improvement of hearing after transplantation of the isolated mucosal cells and following replacement of auditory ossicles. One patient had good improvement of hearing already after reconstruction of the tympanic cavity. In one case reobliteration of the tympanic cavity occurred. The clinical results confirm that using mucosal cell suspensions for reepithelisation of an obliterated tympanic cavity is yet another successful step forward in reconstructive surgery of the middle ear.

Auditory Threshold↗
PubMed1995

Bilirubin phototoxicity to human cells by green light phototherapy in vitro.

Phototherapy of newborn infants with blue or green light is the most common treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Using bilirubin bound to human lymphoid and basal skin cells we obtained the green light dose dependency of the bilirubin phototoxicity to these cell types. Cells (3-5 x 10(6)/mL) were incubated with bilirubin complexed to human serum albumin (final concentrations 340 microM bilirubin, 150 microM albumin). Under these conditions all cells showed maximum binding of bilirubin. Irradiation with broadband green light (lambda max = 512 nm) over 24 h led to a light dose-dependent population of cells, which contained no bilirubin on the cell membrane as determined by Nomarski interference microscopy. The light-induced mechanism of the disappearance of bilirubin caused lethal membrane damage to the cells (trypan blue exclusion test). The cell kill rate increased with the irradiation dose and with the fraction of cells with no bilirubin. When 90% of lymphoid cells were bilirubin free, 46% of them were dead (using 480 J cm-1 green light). Similar results were obtained with basal skin cells. In addition, bilirubin-induced damage of cell membrane and nuclear membrane was also shown by transmission electron microscopy. Bilirubin (340 microM) in the dark led to 5% of the cells being killed. Basal skin cells bind 2.5 times more bilirubin molecules than lymphoid cells and showed a different bilirubin disappearance. Irradiation of bilirubin in carbon tetrachloride with 514.5 nm laser light showed generation of singlet oxygen via its luminescence at 1270 nm. These results demonstrate that green light phototherapy of hyperbilirubinemia may cause both skin and immune system damage.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1995

[Epithelialization of porous biomaterials with isolated respiratory epithelial cells in vivo].

Extensive tracheal defects after prolonged assisted ventilation, trauma or large resections in tumor surgery are a challenge in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Defects which cannot be satisfactorily repaired reguine near of an alloplastic tracheal replacement. Previous experimental and clinical experiences in the development of an alloplastic tracheal prosthesis have demonstrated that the main cause for failure is the lack of an epithelial lining of luminal surfaces and inadequate biophysical properties of the prosthesis. With the use of a cell-seeding technique tested in vitro on biomaterials epithelialization of tracheal prostheses can be tested in vivo. In animal experiments isolated respiratory cells were seeded into implanted tubular prostheses of porous polyurethane or expanded polytetrafluorethylene. Light and scanning microscopic investigations then showed the tendency of epithelialization to occur on the luminal surfaces. Vigorous squamous epithelium cell layers that were single and (predominantly) multiple layers were found. Differentiated cilated or mucous cells were not detected in any case. The present results have shown that epithelialization of incorporated porous implants is possible. The realization of usable tracheal replacement for clinical practice must still be tested in further experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Copper-induced liver cirrhosis in a 13-month old boy].

A micronodular liver cirrhosis with a massive accumulation of copper in hepatocytes was found in a 13-months old boy. The causal factor was due to the increased copper concentration within the drinking water, which caused liver disease of the boy who had been completely weaned at the age of four weeks. The cooper concentration found in the drinking water exceeded 12 mg/l after a twelve hour stagnation time; after several days of stagnation the highest measured concentration was 28.6 mg/l. This increase is caused by the combined effect of copper pipes and acidulous well water.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1994

[Two cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis causing differential diagnostic problems].

The decrease of tuberculotic diseases was continuous in the past years. This statement relates to pulmonalis as well as to extrapulmonalis tbc. The authors want to call attention to the possibility of the varied and more rarely appearing extrapulmonalis manifestation. In the first of their cases the burst of spondylitis tbc, and in the other one the very rare spleen tbc--which was made probably clinicum and later by the US abdomen examination--caused differential diagnostic problem.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

[Management of indoor air pollution by polychlorinated biphenyl compounds exemplified by two Hagen schools].

An indoor pollution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) of about 4000 ng/m3 could be reduced by an average amount of 68% by temporary sealing of the primary source in combination with intensive cleaning. The costs were around DM 100,000.- for the school building containing 12 classrooms. Due to this procedure a continued usage of the building is possible until a concept of decontamination is available. In another building the PCB indoor pollution was reduced by 73% in a representative trial restoration, whereas the stripping of the paint with a chemical caustic substance induced a significant reduction of the PCB concentration. The usage of special air conditioners--called "Luftwäscher"--in the classrooms did not reduce the PCB concentration. The realisation of disturbing factors such as the fluctuation of the temperature is of great importance for judging the efficiency of decontamination procedures. The possible misinterpretation regarding the results and the data of decontamination procedures can be excluded by parallel measurements in control rooms. Costs induced by these additional analyses will be reduced by the early realization of ineffective steps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Three-dimensional ultrasound image of the infant hip].

Ultrasound imaging of the infant hip has gained wide acceptance, especially in diagnosis and therapy of infant hip dysplasias. Problems are the prognosis with regard to normal and pathological alpha-angle and treatment using cast, harness, or pillow. The well-known two-dimensional ultrasound techniques are not able to reproduce the correct relationship between femoral head and acetabulum. The use of the new three-dimensional technique is independent of the position of the infant hip. Although a special view into the acetabulum is possible, at present this method is not suitable for screening programs.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1994

[Incidence of Lyme borreliosis in the West Bohemian Region (1988-1992)].

During 1988-1992 the hygiene service of the West Bohemian region received 1,954 notifications of Lyme borreliosis (LB), incl. 48.5% confirmed by serological examination. Among the affected systems the skin, joints and the nervous system predominated. The most frequently reported vector were ticks which alone accounted for 57.8%. Contrastly to tick-borne encephalitis, the disease was detected in all districts of the region and in all age groups. The highest morbidity was recorded in women in the age bracket of 45-64 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Plasmacellular angiitis of the brain-supplying arteries with disseminated cerebral necroses.

A 55-year-old previously healthy woman developed disseminated neurological symptoms together with an organic psychosis over a period of several months. The symptoms progressed continuously despite all therapeutic attempts, and finally the patient died in a state of tetraparesis and coma. Brain biopsy showed necrosis and gliosis of the white matter, but no vasculitic changes. Autopsy revealed numerous necroses of the cerebral cortex and white matter. Signs of inflammation were absent throughout the whole brain. The adventitia of the brain-supplying arteries, especially both carotid arteries, showed a marked cellular infiltrate that consisted mainly of plasma cells and foam cells. The findings represent an unusual type of cerebral vasculitis whose etiology and pathogenesis are unknown.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

A new concept for reconstruction of atresias of larynx and trachea: lining of wound surfaces with autologous isolated respiratory epithelial cells.

A new method, first applied two years ago in our clinic, has proved to be reliable for achieving a rapid reepithelialisation of epithelial defects after scar removal inside the trachea. The defect is seeded with isolated respiratory epithelial cells harvested the day before from the ethmoid. Isolation of epithelial cells was achieved by keeping the mucosa in 0.25% trypsin buffer solution under room temperature for about 16 h. Afterwards, the epithelial layer was separated from the submucosa using small forceps and knife. Cells were then isolated by pipetting. For seeding the wound the surface was covered with silastic sheeting and the cell suspension then injected into the cleft between both of them. Cell distribution occurred by capillary attraction. The tracheal lumen was maintained by inserting a silastic stent for about three weeks. So far, 10 patients between 6 and 45 years have been treated in this way. In 4 patients the tracheal wall additionally had to be stabilized using rip cartilage. Only in one case above the tracheostoma, considerable scar formation occurred again requiring a second operation some months later. In 8 patients decannulation was meanwhile possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Adjustment of phenprocoumon dosage utilizing a pharmacokinetic model.

According to a pharmacokinetic model, the adjustment of a phenprocoumon (PPC) standard dosage based on experimentally determined means values of the parameters volume of distribution and biological half-life will yield in more than 50% of the individuals the desired plasma PPC concentration. In 25 patients it was tested, whether the thus derived loading and maintenance doses, 376.8 and 35.2 micrograms PPC per kg b. wt., resp., actually lead to the predicted optimum plasma PPC concentration of 2.0 micrograms/ml. After initiating dosage, the plasma PPC concentrations were determined over a time period of 30 days. As predicted by the model, in 72% of the patients the average steady-state plasma PPC concentrations were within the range of 1.7 and 2.3 micrograms/ml. The data obtained were used to newly calculate mean values of the volume of distribution, the biological half-life, and the total body clearance of PPC. The mean biological half-life of PPC derived was somewhat shorter than that used for the calculation of the standard dose. Quick-values were estimated concomitantly with the plasma PPC concentrations. They revealed an optimum anticoagulation (15-25%) in 96% of the patients.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗