Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Baba.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was isolated from 14 out of 35 wild house mouse samples captured on two piers of Osaka port in Japan. Four of them were isolated from were isolated from 18 antibody positive mice while 10 were from 17 antibody negative mice. This is the first report of the isolation of LCMV from wild mice in Japan.
A 57-year-old woman with acromegaly associated with mitral chordal rupture is reported. She was noted to have abnormal development in the size of her hands and feet in childhood. She occasionally suffered from shortness of breath on exertion and nocturnal dyspnea for several years, and was diagnosed and treated as having congestive heart failure due to valvular heart disease. On admission to our hospital, chordal rupture was suspected on the basis of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. Seven years after discharge, she died of congestive heart failure. On autopsy, the heart weight and ventricular wall thickness were increased. Rupture of the posterior chordae was confirmed, but evidence of an old myocardial infarction was not found. There was severe interstitial fibrosis in the left ventricular wall. A possible etiology of the chordal rupture in this case was thought to be the excessive stretching caused by the disproportional visceromegaly of the heart.
The influences of experimental balancing-side interference on the jaw function were investigated on 6 subjects. A specially designed onlay was fabricated for the lower second molar, which acted as an artificial balancing-side interference in the lateral mandibular position. The subjects were asked to do maximum clenching, lateral gliding and gum chewing with and without the device. Electromyographic activity of the masseter and the anterior and posterior temporal muscles were measured and the related mandibular movement was simultaneously recorded during these tasks. Introduction of the experimental interference caused alteration in the muscle activity as follows: 1. When the subjects exerted maximum clenching efforts in the lateral mandibular position, the ratio of the temporal muscle activity on the working-side to the balancing-side decreased, while that of the masseter muscle remained unchanged. 2. There was a tendency for the activity in the working-side posterior temporal muscle to increase during gliding from intercuspation. The ratio of the temporal muscle activity on the working-side to the balancing-side decreased during gliding into intercuspation. 3. Prolongation of the occlusal phase associated with the increase of the muscle activity was observed during gum chewing on the side opposite to the interference. It was suggested that the balancing-side interference might provoke a specific muscle activity in the temporal muscles during parafunctional clenching or grinding.
The effects of trilostane on the adrenal cortex of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats were investigated morphometrically, histochemically, ultrastructurally and biochemically. The statistical analysis indicated that trilostane induced a significant increase in the adrenal weight and the surface area of cells and nuclei in the zona fasciculata (ZF) of the adrenal cortex of DS and DR rats (P less than O.OI). DS rats treated with trilostane revealed marked accumulation of large amounts of lipid droplets and a decrease in the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) in the ZF. Ultrastructurally, the mitochondria of the ZF in DS rats treated with trilostane revealed swelling of matrix with a loss of cristae and occasional interruption of the membranes of mitochondria. Some of them had a continuity with lipid vacuoles or SER, presenting a characteristic 'feather'-like appearance. Other characteristic findings in DS rats treated with trilostane were a marked villous proliferation of plasma membranes with numerous dense bodies, occasional coated pits, and pinocytic vesicles in the outer portion of the ZF. In DS and DR rats the plasma level of ACTH increased, and corticosterone decreased significantly (P less than O.OI) after treatment with trilostane. These morphological alterations were considered to be an expression of the inhibitory effects of trilostane on the adrenal steroidogenesis in DS and DR rats, more especially in DS rats. Simultaneously there were confirmed morphological alterations in the cells of the ZF, reflecting the feedback stimulation of endogenous ACTH. The cells of the ZF of DS rats were more responsive to suppression by trilostane than those of DR rats.
For the purpose of demonstrating the relationship between the expression of ras oncogene p21 protein and clinico-pathological characteristics which reflected the prognosis, 253 women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy were analyzed. Ras p21 was detected in 133 (52.6%). In histological types, scirrhous carcinomas were more often ras p21-positive, and papillo-tubular carcinoma were usually negative. And histological grade was significantly correlated with ras p21. The degrees of invasion to fat tissues and infiltration into lymphatic vessels were also significantly correlated with ras p21. Tumors with lymph node metastases expressed higher levels of ras p21 than nonmetastasizing tumors in smaller tumors, especially in papillo-tubular carcinomas. And patients with elevated ras expression tended to have a poor prognosis. These results suggested that an elevated ras expression may play an important role in the development of aggressive tumors.
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We examined 3 infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. They also showed signs of heart failure. The signs of cardiac dysfunction noted in the acute phase were resolved after treatment with catecholamines and vasodilators. Contrary to the general concept that transient myocardial dysfunction is secondarily caused by persistent pulmonary hypertension, left myocardial dysfunction accompanied pulmonary hypertension and was followed by right myocardial dysfunction. High blood concentration of thromboxane B2 was reported in 2 neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension. We considered thromboxane A2 as a possible cause of coronary spasm, resulting in myocardial ischemia.
In this paper, a unique, nationwide autopsy registration system used in Japan is introduced, which has been used by the Japanese Pathological Society since 1958. The autopsy data collected are published annually in an Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, known in Japanese as the Bouken Shuho. In the most recent volume, about 40,000 cases (representing about 5% of all deaths in Japan) were presented. These annual volumes comprise two parts: a description of findings and a statistical section. The latter is composed mainly of tables, including tabulations of disease, age and sex; disease and geographical location; primary site and histological type of cancer; and primary site/primary site for double primary malignant neoplasms. Since 1974, tabulation has been computerized, and this same file is also used to retrieve descriptive data in the book. Since 1984, the findings section of the Bouken Shuho has been published using a desk-top system. A project to incorporate the original documents stored in this system, in order to establish a more sophisticated, fully computerized document retrieval system, is under way.
We examined 194 cases of uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis who received total abdominal hysterectomy, in order to compare the effect of presurgical medical treatment such as with Buserelin, Danazol and Pill, on operative blood loss with non-treated group. The operative blood loss was 314.0 +/- 177.2 ml (mean +/- SD) in the control group (n = 145), 211.2 +/- 64.1 ml in the Buserelin-treated group (n = 26), 276.8 +/- 110.7 ml in the Danazol-treated group (n = 10), and 396.6 +/- 213.1 ml in the Pill-treated group (n = 13). The operative blood loss in the Buserelin-treated group was significantly lower than in the control group (p less than 0.01) and in the Pill-treated group (p less than 0.05). After considering the pathology of the uterus, the uterine size, and the level of expertise of the surgeon, the operative blood loss in the Buserelin-treated group was significantly lower than in the control group. We measured the capillary space, small arteries and veins in the sub-serosal interstitial tissue of the uterus, and observed that the vascular space decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) in the Buserelin-treated group compared to the control group. From these facts it may be concluded that Buserelin presurgical treatment reduces the operative blood loss at hysterectomy, and it seems very likely that the decrease in vascularity may play an important role.
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We studied the expression and distribution of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the ventricles of 27 autopsied children with Kawasaki disease. Fourteen of the children had died in the acute stage of the disease. Three without any coronary artery aneurysms died due to myocarditis, while 11 with coronary artery aneurysms also had myocarditis but died of coronary heart disease. Histologic evidence of acute myocardial infarction was noted in three children who died of coronary heart disease. In the 14 children with acute-stage deaths, no abnormal expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide was noted in the ventricles, despite the presence of heart failure in seven of them for 2 to 22 days before death. The other 13 patients had coronary artery aneurysms and died in the healed stage. In three patients with granulation tissue and congestive heart failure, myocytes in foci around the granulations were moderate to markedly positive for atrial natriuretic polypeptide. These three patients died over 8 days after the onset of their first myocardial infarct. Of 10 patients with old myocardial infarction, four had a history of congestive heart failure. They demonstrated moderate or marked atrial natriuretic polypeptide expression in extensive regions around sites of massive fibrosis, and foci of slight expression in the inner third of the noninfarcted region of the ventricle. In the other six patients without congestive heart failure, there was slight or moderate expression in foci around sites of massive fibrosis. We concluded that the expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide appeared more than 1 week after the onset of acute myocardial infarction in the ventricles of children with Kawasaki disease who died in the healed stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
To evaluate the role of Lugol dye endoscopy in diagnosing early esophageal cancer, we reviewed findings of dye endoscopy and those of conventional endoscopy in 17 early esophageal cancers that were demonstrated as unstained areas on dyeing with Lugol solution. Histologically, all 17 lesions were squamous cell carcinomas; 10 lesions being mucosal carcinomas, the remaining 7 lesions mucosal carcinomas spreading beyond the epithelial layer. The lesions ranged from 0.7 to 4.0 cm in size. Abnormal findings were noted under conventional endoscopy in all but 3 lesions diagnosed only by postoperative pathohistology, regardless of the size and depth of the invasion. Under conventional endoscopy, the following types of morphological changes were noted in 8 (57.1%) of the 14 lesions: slight elevation (1 lesion), depression (6 lesions), and deformed arc (1 lesion). A color change was noted endoscopically in 12 of the 14 lesions (85.7%), this change being redness in all 12 lesions. The unstained area on the resected specimen was consistent with the size of the lesion that was determined by using serially sectioned blocks in all cases. Moreover, the former completely (100%) coincided with the histological area where PAS reaction was weak. In conclusion, under conventional endoscopy, a color change such as redness is an important indicator of minute or superficial esophageal cancer, as is such morphological change as depression, elevation or deformed arc. On the other hand, Lugol dye endoscopy is very helpful in detecting esophageal cancer unassociated with any morphological or color change. It also provides accurate information about the extent of the cancer.
Thirteen patients with vaginal bleeding in the first and second trimester, in 730 pregnancies confirmed with live fetuses, were diagnosed as having subchorionic hematoma at the perivillous or periplacental region by a real-time B-mode scan device. In 9 of the 13 patients, the hematoma disappeared within 1 to 3 months after detection, while in 2 patients it increased in size. Seven of the 13 pregnancies progressed to full term (53.8%), 3 ended in premature deliveries (23.1%) and 3 in spontaneous abortions (23.1%). In 5 of the 13 patients, PROM occurred. Pathological examinations revealed 5 circumvallate (38.5%) and 2 circummarginate (15.4%) placentas. Since our clinical observation indicates that subchorionic hematoma and marginal separation of the placenta may be important causes of bleeding during pregnancy, monitoring of the placenta and fetus by ultrasound was used to obtain precise information in order to manage patients with bleeding. It might be speculated that extrachorial placenta results from subchorionic hematoma or its absorption.
Two chalcone derivatives, xanthoangelol (1) and 4-hydroxyderricin (II) isolated from Angelica keiskei Koidzumi, inhibited pig gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase with IC50 values of 1.8 and 3.3 microM, respectively. The inhibition by I or II was competitive with respect to ATP and was non-competitive with respect to K+ I and II also inhibited K+, stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase, with IC50 values of 1.3 and 3.5 microM, respectively. Proton transport in-vitro was inhibited by I or II, in a dose-dependent manner, 1 at 100 mg kg-1, i.p. significantly inhibited acid secretion and the formation of stress-induced gastric lesions. These results suggest that the antisecretory effect of 1 is due to the inhibition of gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase.
A rapid neutralization test for influenza A and B viruses was developed. In this method, a 96-well tissue culture plate was used for the preparation of cell monolayers and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining technique was used for the visualization of foci infected with these viruses. In the presence of trypsin and tragacanth gum, clear foci developed 1 day after infection. A linear relationship between virus dilutions and numbers of foci was observed. When neutralizing antibodies in some test sera were assayed, a good correlation was observed between the titers obtained by the focus method and those obtained by the ordinary plaque method. In addition, many serum specimens were investigated by the neutralization test, and it was demonstrated that the test is useful for serological studies of influenza.