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Biomedical subjects

K Babaya

Publications and source records attributed to K Babaya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[A comparative study of the effects of granisetron alone and a combination of granisetron plus steroids on CDDP-based combination chemotherapy-induced emesis--outcomes of a multicenter randomized comparative study using the central registration method. Nara Medical University Kytril Study Group].

The present investigation was conducted to examine the effects of granisetron alone and a combination of granisetron plus steroids on CDDP-based combination chemotherapy-induced emesis by multi-institutional randomized comparative trial using a central registration method. A total of 62 patients with urological cancer enrolled this study were randomized into two groups: granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) only group and granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) plus steroids (500 mg of methylprednisolone or 8 mg of dexamethasone) group. There were 31 patients eligible in the granisetron only group and 28 in the combination group. The same anti-emetic treatments were given in the recycling courses of chemotherapeutic regimens. Therefore, eligible patients of the second and the third cycle numbered 31 (17 in the granisetron only group, 14 in the combination group) and 21 (11 in the granisetron only group and 10 in the combination group). Significant inhibition of acute emesis in combination group was observed when compared with the granisetron only group in each cycle. Delayed emesis was also significantly inhibited in the combination group on Day 2 and 3 of the first cycle and on Day 2 of the second and third cycle. In addition, appetite loss was significantly reduced in the combination group on Day 2 and 3 of the first and second cycle. No adverse events were seen in either group. These results suggested that a combination of granisetron and steroids was useful for preventing CDDP-based combination chemotherapy-induced emesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A prospective randomized study of prophylaxis of tumor recurrence following transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer--intravesical thio-TEPA versus oral UFT.

The long-term prophylactic effect of chemotherapy following transurethral electroresection of bladder tumors (TUR-Bt) was investigated using three different modalities: no prophylactic treatment (group C); oral UFT given at 1296 mg/day for 2 years (group U); and intravesical thio-TEPA at 30 mg/30 ml physiological saline, instilled 32 times over 2 years (group T). Patients newly diagnosed as having superficial bladder cancer (stage, less than or equal to pT1b; grade, less than or equal to G2) who had undergone TUR-Bt at Nara Medical University and its affiliated hospitals between November 1986 and March 1990 were allocated to one of the three groups by the envelope method. The initial treatment was maintained until the third recurrence or disease progression, except for TUR-Bt which was performed at the time of recurrence. The registered cases included 51 patients in group C, 50 in group U, and 52 in group T, and the number of evaluable cases in each group were 48, 47, and 45, respectively. The non-recurrence rates at 3 years were 54% in group C, 67% in group U, and 85% in group T, and the difference between groups T and C was significant. In terms of the tumor grade and stage, No significant difference was observed among the groups in the category of G1 or Ta tumors, but the non-recurrence rates determined in group T for G2 or T1 tumors were significantly higher than those obtained in group C. Moreover, no significant difference was found among the groups in relation to solitary tumors, but the non-recurrence rate obtained in group T for multiple tumors was significantly higher than that determined in group C. The overall cumulative recurrence rate in each group was 3.07 in group C, 1.95 in group U, and 0.70 in group T, and that determined according to tumor grade, stage, and multiplicity was also highest in group C, followed by group U and group T. The main adverse effects encountered were upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (8.5%) in group U and irritable bladder (11.1%) in group T. Intravesical instillation of thio-TEPA tended to produce greater preventive efficacy than did oral UFT during the early postoperative period, but the prophylactic efficacy of thio-TEPA and UFT should be elucidated over a longer observation period.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

[Current status of adjuvant chemotherapy of invasive bladder cancer].

The current status of adjuvant chemotherapy for clinically localized but invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is reported. Since 1986, a prospective randomized study has been conducted to examine the effects of neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + cisplatin (CAP) and radiation therapy for T2-3N0-3M0. A total of 47 patients were entered. However, 4 patients were excluded from the study. All eligible patients were randomized into two groups: neoadjuvant CAP plus radiation and control group. In the neoadjuvant treated-group, a 55% complete response plus partial response rate and a 88% downstaging were noted. Both the 12- and 36-month disease-free survival rates of neoadjuvant treated-group were 94.7%, and were higher than those of the control group (p less than 0.1). As for T4N0-3M0 cases, a total of 6 patients were treated with neoadjuvant methotrexate + vinblastine + doxorubicin + cisplatin (M-VAC) therapy. Favorable results were not obtained in this study at this point, because full dose M-VAC and planned recycling were not performed sufficiently. These findings suggests that neoadjuvant CAP plus radiation therapy would be useful for T2-3 invasive cancer of the bladder. Methods to administer full dose M-VAC; such as developments of new chemotherapeutic agents and of new anti-toxic agents, should be developed. In addition, a more successful regimen than M-VAC should be considered for T4 localized invasive bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Rat urinary bladder carcinomas induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

The present investigation was conducted to examine the combination effect of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxy-butyl)nitrosamine(BBN) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Experiment 1 was performed in the groups treated by oral BBN administration in combination with MNU intravesical instillation and their control groups. In the groups given both BBN and MNU, the ratio of rats with the nonpapillary type to carcinoma-bearing rats was significantly higher than in the controls. Since most of the carcinomas were non-invasive, the observation period was prolonged in the groups given both BBN and MNU in experiment 2. However, even after a longer observation period, no invasive carcinoma was observed. These results suggest that high-grade and invasive carcinomas similar to those induced by BBN and MNU in the heterotopically transplanted rat bladder cannot be induced in the natural bladder of the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of bestatin on the host immunity in patients treated for urogenital cancer.

To examine effects of bestatin on the host immunity of patients with urogenital cancer, 54 patients were randomized into 2 groups: bestatin treated and controls. In each group, the patients were divided into 2 subgroups: one which received basic treatment expected to greatly affect host immunity ('invasive treatment') while the other one received other types of basic treatment ('non-invasive treatment'). Peripheral lymphocyte, OKT 4/8 ratio and purified protein derivative (PPD) skin reaction were used as immunological markers. There were significant differences in the 'invasive' treatment group between bestatin treated patients and controls concerning lymphocyte counts and PPD skin reactions and in the 'non-invasive' group concerning lymphocyte counts and OKT 4/8 ratios. These results suggest that bestatin may potentiate host immunity in patients with urogenital cancer. Further studies on larger materials are, however, needed before more definite conclusions can be drawn.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Neoadjuvant therapy for locally invasive bladder cancer.

The present investigation was conducted to examine the effect of neoadjuvant PVB and CAP regimens for locally invasive bladder cancer and consisted of two studies: (1) a retrospective nonrandomized study of neoadjuvant PVB therapy, and (2) a well-controlled randomized study of neoadjuvant CAP therapy. A total of 25 patients with primary locally invasive bladder cancer were entered into the PVB study between January 1981 and December 1985. Since 1986, 31 patients have been randomized into the CAP study. In the PVB-treated group, a 71.4% complete response (CR) plus partial response (PR) rate and a 71.4% downstaging were noted. On the other hand, in the CAP-treated group, a 50.0% CR plus PR rate and a 88.9% downstaging were noted. The 2- and 5-year survival rates of neoadjuvant PVB were 78.6 and 60.6%, respectively. In contrast, the 2-year survival rate of the neoadjuvant CAP-treated group was 100% at a mean follow-up of 15.8 months. No statistical significance was achieved in the survival rates. These results indicated that neoadjuvant PVB and CAP would be useful in the management of invasive bladder cancer.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1989

[Primary cancer of the vesical diverticulum in a patient with spinal cord injury: report of a case].

A case of primary cancer of the vesical diverticulum in a patient with spinal cord injury is reported. A 78-year-old man with L1 incomplete paraplegia, who complained of asymptomatic gross hematuria, was referred to our hospital on September 2, 1986. Urethrocystoscopy showed papillary tumor in the diverticulum and three small stones. Histopathological findings of the biopsied specimen of the tumor revealed transitional cell carcinoma grade 3. Partial resection of the bladder involving diverticulum with right ureterovesiconeostomy and right pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed on October 17, 1986. Histopathological findings revealed transitional cell carcinoma grade 3 with submucosal invasion into the muscular layer (pT3bINF beta, ly2, V (+]. Two courses of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatin were given as a postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, however he died of pneumonia on January 2, 1987. There have been reported 11 cases of a vesical neoplasm in patients with spinal cord injury in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Transcatheter arterial embolization of vesical artery in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer.

Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed in a total of 70 patients with invasive bladder cancer from October 1980 to December 1987. It was performed as a part of multidisciplinary treatment in patients with invasive bladder cancer. Microencapsulated mitomycin C, gelatin sponge and lipiodol (iodized oil) were used as the embolic material. As a result, reduction of tumor size was noted in 56.7%, but there was no embolic materials-related significant difference. Stage reduction was noted in 72.7% of patients where pathological stages were confirmed by operation. Hemostatic effects were noted in 76.5%. The symptoms of side effects included fever, leukocytosis, urinary frequency and pain, but none of them was severe. The results of the present study indicate that embolization of the vesical artery is useful in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: report of a case].

A 62-year-old male was admitted to our clinic with the complaints of gross-hematuria and miction pain. Cystoscopic examination revealed non-papillary tumor around the orifice of the left ureter and the left wall. Histopathological findings of the biopsy specimen demonstrated signet-ring cell carcinoma, and the specimen was stained positively by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. No malignant findings in any other organs including gastrointestinal tract and prostate were detected. This patient underwent total cystectomy with ileal conduit and histopathological staging was pT3bNOMO. He was followed with no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis for 29 months after operation. The 45 reported cases with primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder including our case are reviewed and some characteristics of this entry are discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Experimental model of urinary bladder tumor in rats for evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents].

The chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated using the experimental urinary bladder tumor rat model induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN). Nine hundred and fourteen male rats received 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 8 weeks, and were divided into 35 groups to follow the regimens of chemotherapeutic agents. Thirty one groups received the agents after BBN treatment, and 4 groups were given the oral agents starting simultaneously with BBN treatment. All rats were killed at 20 weeks and incidence of the urinary bladder was examined histopathologically. The following 13 agents were evaluated; adriamycin (ADM), mitomycin-C (MMC), cyclophosphamide (CPM), 5-fluoro-uracil (5-Fu), N-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207), neocarcinostatine (NCS), carbazil quinone (CQ), bleomycin (BLM), vincristine (VCR) and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) were dosed intraperitoneally, and N-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207), 1: 4 mixture of FT-207 and uracil (UFT) and 1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) were dosed orally. Among these agents, 5-Fu, FT-207, CQ, VCR, CDDP, UFT and HCFU were effective in inhibiting the incidence of urinary bladder tumor induced by BBN. In conclusion, the experimental bladder tumor rat model induced by BBN seems to be useful in evaluating the effective chemotherapeutic agents for a superficial bladder cancer. The importance of the experimental animal model for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Scanning electron microscopy of changes in the urinary bladder in dogs treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN).

The fine structures of the bladder mucosa during BBN carcinogenesis and of bladder tumors induced by BBN in dogs were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Normal dog bladder mucosa was covered with polygonal superficial cells with peaked microridges, but no microvilli. Microridges and uniform microvilli were observed in hyperplastic mucosa. In low grade papillary tumors induced by low doses of BBN, pleomorphic microvilli predominated. In dogs which received high doses of BBN, bizarre pleomorphic microvilli and blebs were observed in papillary lesions, whereas bumpy surfaces with thick short microvilli were observed in non-papillary lesions. These sequential changes which were observed in dog bladder mucosa during BBN carcinogenesis parallelled the changes that occurred in the process of chemical carcinogenesis in rodents, and dog bladder tumors were similar to those of rodents and of human bladder cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of single chemotherapeutic agents on development of urinary bladder tumor induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in rats.

Chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated for effect on the development of urinary bladder tumors induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in male Wistar strain rats. Seven hundred and two rats were given 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 8 weeks. After BBN treatment, the animals were divided into 26 groups to follow regimens of single chemotherapy. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally except in one group that was treated orally. In our experimental series, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), N-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207), carbazilquinone (CQ), vincristine (VCR) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) were effective in inhibiting the incidence of bladder tumor, however, adriamycin (ADM), mitomycin C (MMC), neocarsinostatin (NCS), cyclophosphamide (CPM) and bleomycin (BLM) were not effective.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Usefulness of computed tomography and ultrasonography for the early detection of renal cell carcinoma].

Eighty-three cases of renal cell carcinomas admitted to Nara Medical University and its related hospitals from August, 1962 through July, 1984 were reviewed. We have been using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) for early detection of renal cell carcinomas since 1980. Thereafter the number of patients with low stage renal cell carcinoma was significantly increased. Furthermore 6 carcinomas were incidentally detected by CT and/or US examination for checkup of other diseases. We believe that CT and US may be valuable as a screening modality for early detection of renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical analysis of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children].

The retrospective analysis of 64 patients between 1 month and 14 years old with 87 primary vesicoureteral units with reflux was reviewed. They were followed-up for a period of 3 to 60 months. Thirty one patients were managed conservatively by chemotherapy (group A) and 28 patients were treated surgically. As the anti-reflux operation the Politano-Leadbetter procedure was used in 27 patients and the modified Politano-Leadbetter procedure in 1 patient (group B). Five patients were not treated (group C). In 13 of the 30 renal units of group A, the vesico-ureteral reflux disappeared spontaneously and in group B the post-operative cystourethrography revealed cure of reflux in all the renal units. In 2 of the 21 renal units of group A excretory urography (IVP) revealed improvement and in 3 deterioration. Post-operative IVP revealed improvement in 13 of 39 renal units of group B and in 2 deterioration. In 3 of the 22 renal units of group A the renogram revealed improvement and in 3 deterioration. The post-operative renogram revealed improvement in 8 of the 28 renal units of group B and deterioration in renal units. Analysis was also made according to the vesicoureteral reflux grade.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Complete remission obtained in advanced testicular cancer treated by etoposide (NK-171)].

A 38-year-old man was admitted to Nara Medical University Hospital on Feb.7,1983, because of swelling of the scrotal contents on the right side and elevated serum AFP, beta-HCG and LDH suggestive of testicular tumor. Right orchiectomy was carried out and a pathological diagnosis of embryonal cell carcinoma of the right testis (pT3N0M1) was made. The patient, upon evidence of multiple pulmonary metastases, was treated with a combination chemotherapy of cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum, vincristine and peplomycin. After three courses of combination chemotherapy, pulmonary metastases were decreased, but their foci persisted. The patient was then treated with Etoposide 62 mg/m2 daily for 5 days every three weeks, and after this course, complete remission of pulmonary metastases was obtained. The patient recieved 3 courses of Etoposide and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and has since shown no evidence of disease for 2 years and 4 months after surgery.

Adult↗