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Biomedical subjects

K Berger

Publications and source records attributed to K Berger.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterization of the hepatitis C virus E2/NS1 gene product expressed in mammalian cells.

Truncated and full-length versions of the hepatitis C virus protein domain encoding a presumptive envelope glycoprotein designated E2/NS1 were stably expressed in CHO cell lines. Characterization of the processing events involved in the maturation of E2/NS1 revealed that a high-mannose form resident in the endoplasmic reticulum was the most abundant form detected intracellularly. The ionophore carboxyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone was used to show that the E2/NS1 glycoprotein resided in the endoplasmic reticulum. The full-length form of E2/NS1 appeared to be cell-associated and could not be detected as a secreted product. C-terminal truncated molecules could be detected in the extracellular media as fully processed glycoproteins containing terminal sialic acid additions. These truncated glycoproteins are predicted to be biologically relevant targets of the host immune response and are therefore potential subunit vaccine candidates.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Life threatening menorrhagia in thrombasthenia. (Glanzmann-Naegeli) thrombasthenia].

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia is a rare inherited disorder of platelet aggregation with normal platelet count and humoral coagulation. It is caused by the deficiency or functional disorder of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb und IIIa. This complex is considered to be a receptor for fibrinogen. Menorrhagia often occurs as a clinical manifestation of affected females. We report a case of severe menorrhagia in a 13-year-old girl during her third menstrual cycle. She needed several red blood cell transfusions. The bleeding could only be stopped by administration of Lynestrenol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Genetic organization and diversity of the hepatitis C virus.

The nucleotide sequence of the RNA genome of the human hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been determined from overlapping cDNA clones. The sequence (9379 nucleotides) has a single large open reading frame that could encode a viral polyprotein precursor of 3011 amino acids. While there as little overall amino acid and nucleotide sequence homology with other viruses, the 5' HCV nucleotide sequence upstream of this large open reading frame has substantial similarity to the 5' termini of pestiviral genomes. The polyprotein also has significant sequence similarity to helicases encoded by animal pestiviruses, plant potyviruses, and human flaviviruses, and it contains sequence motifs widely conserved among viral replicases and trypsin-like proteases. A basic, presumed nucleocapsid domain is located at the N terminus upstream of a region containing numerous potential N-linked glycosylation sites. These HCV domains are located in the same relative position as observed in the pestiviruses and flaviviruses and the hydrophobic profiles of all three viral polyproteins are similar. These combined data indicate that HCV is an unusual virus that is most related to the pestiviruses. Significant genome diversity is apparent within the putative 5' structural gene region of different HCV isolates, suggesting the presence of closely related but distinct viral genotypes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Retrograde degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons induced by intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine injection in rats.

Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to assess the effects of unilateral intrastriatal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the distribution of D1 and D2 dopamine (DA) receptors and of DA uptake sites in the mesostriatal pathway. [3H]Mazindol-labeled DA uptake sites were reduced both in the striatum (-97%) and in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) (-88%) on the injected side. There were also significant decreases of dopamine uptake sites in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (-73%) and in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (-70%). Changes in [3H]mazindol binding were also found within the contralateral VTA (-30%) and SNpc (-13%) but not in the contralateral-striatum. [3H]SCH23390-labeled D1 receptors were significantly reduced in the dorsomedial (-18%) and ventromedial (-14%) aspects of the striatum ipsilateral to the side of the lesions. In contrast, the concentration of [3H]spiperone-labeled D2 receptors was not altered. There were also significant decreases in D1 (-18%) and of D2 (-27%) receptors in the SNpc and of D1 (-10%) in the SN pars reticulata (SNpr). These results suggest that oxyradical-induced damage in striatal DA terminals could lead to retrograde changes in the SNpc. In addition, the data indicate that unilateral striatal damage can result in bilateral changes in the SNpc, thus confirming the interdependence of the two nigrostriatal pathways in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Impulse cytophotometry determination of the DNA content of paraffin-fixed neuroblastoma].

The aim of the study was to develop a method to obtain a single cell suspension from paraffin fixated neuroblastoma tissue for measuring the DNA content by flow cytometry, and to detect possible correlation between the histological grading and the DNA stemline, and to relate these findings to the patients' prognosis. 51 samples of the fixated neuroblastoma tissue were measured. It was possible to determine the DNA content in 38 probes of the material. 79% of the evaluated samples showed aneuploid DNA stemlines, 21% showed euploid stemlines. Despite the small number of probes it was found, that in relation to the histological grading of neuroblastoma a lower grade of malignancy correlated with an euploid DNA content and a higher grade of malignancy correlated with an aneuploid DNA content. A correlation between DNA stemlines and the patients' prognosis was not found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Psychosocial aspects and rehabilitation problems of patients with tumors of the ORL region with special reference to laryngectomees].

The operational therapy of malign tumours in the ORL is often connected with visible larger tissue organ lesions respectively. By this reason intensive efforts regarding comprehensive rehabilitation are necessary with the aim of overcoming the multiple impairments of familiar, social and occupational life. It is demonstrated with making inquiries concerning tight cooperation between patients, physicians, relatives, speech therapists and rehabilitation centres by example of laryngectomees as a premise for an successful reincorporation into a normal life.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1988

In vitro evaluation of a sustained-release veterinary peroral pellet preparation.

In a preceding in vivo study in horses, wide interindividual variation was found in the extent of bioavailability and time to reach peak concentration after peroral administration of one specific theophylline sustained-release dosage form. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors of potency, the pH of dissolution medium, the enzymes in the dissolution medium, and the crushing of the pellets on in vitro performance. The results show a wide variation in potency for the individual units, an increase in release rate with increasing pH, and an increase in release rate if the pellets are crushed. The wide variation in potency explains the variation found in absolute bioavailability, and the increase in release rate when the pellets are crushed explains the differences seen in peak plasma times, since the pellets will be chewed to varying degrees by the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis and pharmacological study of 5-aryl-6-methyl-4,5-dihydro-pyridazin-3(2H)ones and related 5-aryl-6-methyl-pyridazin-3(2H)ones.

New 5-aryl-6-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)ones (III) and related 5-aryl-6-methyl-pyridazin-3(2H)ones (IV) were synthesized in order to evaluate their pharmacological profile in comparison with that of the known class of antihypertensive and platelet aggregation inhibitors 5-methyl-6-aryl-4,5-dihydropyridazin 3(2H)ones (I). Though none of the tested derivatives was found to possess the antihypertensive potency of the reference compounds, some of them displayed significant antithrombotic and antiulcer properties. In particular, 5(p. acetylaminophenyl)-6-methyl-pyridazin-3-one (IV c) was found highly effective (ED50 = 1.2 mg/kg) in inhibiting indomethacin-induced ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Autopsy findings in AIDS--a histopathological analysis of fifty cases.

Fifty consecutive AIDS autopsy cases were evaluated. All subjects showed one or more opportunistic infections and malignancies included in the AIDS case definition with cytomegalovirus and Kaposi's sarcoma being most prevalent. Mycobacterial and cryptococcal infections occurred only infrequently. Most patients of our series after successful treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or cerebral toxoplasmosis later succumbed to less treatable conditions like disseminated cytomegalovirus or fungal infections or malignant lymphoma. In the absence of specific treatment for the HIV infection leading to these lethal complications special emphasis must be put on the prevention of HIV transmission and spread.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

[Injector ventilation in direct laryngoscopy].

A newly-developed apparatus system for injector-ventilation is described, which consists of the main parts of the modified respirator and the injector-tube. After laboratory and clinical tests this system regularly finds application in direct laryngoscopy--diagnosis and microsurgery--of laryngeal diseases. In the technique described the jet-pump-effect is made use of, contrary to the jet-ventilation which is based on the principle of the free jet. Depending on the tasks to be solved the standard laryngoscopes by Kleinsasser as well as those by Brandt can be used. According to our experiences, that have so far been obtained in more than 250 patients, the method of the injector-ventilation guarantees sufficient ventilation.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1985

Gastric distention: a mechanism for postprandial gastroesophageal reflux.

The occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux after meals may be related to an increase in the rate of transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations, the mechanisms of which are not understood. We investigated the effects of gastric distention on LES pressure in 16 normal subjects and 17 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intraluminal pressure was measured in the gastric fundus, LES, and esophageal body with a manometric catheter incorporating a sleeve device. Gastric distention was performed by injecting 0, 250, 500, or 750 ml of air in randomized order into a balloon and maintaining each stimulus for 15 min. Gastric distention did not significantly alter resting LES pressure in either group. During the basal period the rate of transient LES relaxation in the reflux patients (1.1 +/- 0.4 per 15 min) was greater than that in the normal subjects (0.6 +/- 0.1 per 15 min). Gastric distention resulted in a significant threefold to fourfold increase in the rate of transient LES relaxations in both groups. The reflux patients had a significantly greater proportion of complete relaxations (87%) than did the normal subjects (73%). We conclude that gastric distention, by significantly increasing the rate of transient LES relaxations in both normal subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, may contribute to the postprandial increase in gastroesophageal reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Glutaraldehyde preparation of coronary artery bypass bioprostheses.

A method for glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation of canine carotid arteries has been developed for the preparation of small caliber biologic prostheses for coronary artery bypass. The biologic grafts were preserved by a static inflation technique that proved to be more advantageous than the standard stenting method. The most suitable static inflation pressure was found to be 120 mm Hg. By means of colorimetric measurements the minimal tanning time and the amount of GA required for complete fixation for canine vascular tissue were established. Stabilization of the vessel collagen and confirmation of GA-collagen cross-linking were verified by evaluation of the elastic properties and shrinkage temperature of the grafts. Stress-strain measurements were evaluated to determine the number of cross-links introduced in the vascular tissue by GA. This number was shown to be proportional to the inflation pressure. Ethyl alcohol was chosen as the storage solution because it maintained the best physical, chemical, and histologic characteristics of the grafts. Biological evaluations were performed with carotid implants that were examined following acute low flow studies and implantations up to 112 days. All implantations have yielded 100% patencies.

Aldehydes↗