PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Bhaskar

Publications and source records attributed to K Bhaskar.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Biopharmaceutical and pharmacodynamic studies on topically applied diclofenac gel available in Indian market.

In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study and compare, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity produced by four marketed topical diclofenac formulations in order to justify their usefulness in the treatment of pain and inflammation. By using a diffusion cell, in vitro percutaneous permeation studies were carried out to correlate in vivo activity. The in vivo analgesic activity study was performed by tail flick method on Wistar albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was performed on rats by carrageenan induced inflammation. It was evident from the study that three among tested three gels; diclofenac permeated effectively through the skin and was able to elicit analgesic and anti-inflammatory responses. The study also indicated the presence of therapeutic inequivalence among the marketed topical formulation and the need of bio equivalency and therapeutic equivalency testing of marketed topical applications meant for therapeutic use.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Diclofenac sodium loaded gelatin magnetic microspheres for intra-arterial administration: formulation, characterization and in vitro release studies.

Gelatin magnetic microspheres loaded with diclofenac sodium were prepared by emulsification and crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. The microspheres were formulated with 23-30% theoretical diclofenac sodium and magnetite content. The formulated microspheres were characterized by drug loading, entrapment efficiency, encapsulation efficiency, magnetite content, FT-IR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in vitro release studies. The data obtained from the in vitro release studies were applied to various kinetic models. The FT-IR revealed no drug/polymer interaction. The average particle size was between 36 to 61 microm depending on quantity of magnetite and gelatin used. Optical microscopy and SEM showed spherical and compact nature of microspheres. The formulated microspheres released the drug for a period of 42 to 78 hours depending on drug loading. The release was diffusion controlled at lower drug loading and dissolution/diffusion controlled at higher drug loading.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of pain by parents in young children following surgery.

BACKGROUND: We asked parents to assess pain in young children following surgery. METHODS: Assessments were carried out by both parents and an independent assessor using a behavioural observational scale. RESULTS: Forms were returned from the parents of 42 children aged 1-5 years. There were 123 joint assessments and there was a strong correlation between the scores by the observer and the parents (r2=0.84). Twenty-nine children experienced pain following discharge from hospital. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that parents can assess pain in young children following surgery. The management of pain following discharge from hospital can be improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Control and modulation of airway epithelial cells and their secretions.

Information on the control and modulation of airway epithelial cells and their secretion is obtained by three techniques: 1) in vivo studies of animal models of disease, 2) in vitro studies by organ culture of human and animal model airways, and 3) chemical analysis of human and animal bronchial secretion. The contribution of each of these techniques is described in this paper, including recent or new information. In vivo models of mucous hypersecretion can be produced by irritants, infection, and drugs more quickly than previously expected. In the rat, beta 1 and beta 2 receptors are present with evidence of different activity in various airway regions. Organ culture studies combine autoradiographic analysis of cell activity with chemical analysis of secretory product, and describe inhibitory effect of new agents such as VIP. The application of density-gradient ultracentrifugation gives total recovery of undegraded macromolecules from bronchial mucus; it is now possible to recover mucous glycoprotein of molecular weight larger than that previously isolated. The organ culture studies and density-gradient ultracentrifugation studies indicate that a proteoglycan is a significant constituent of total bronchial secretion. Differences between diseases are emerging in the macromolecular partitioning between sol and gel obtained at 160,000 X g, a higher speed than that previously applied systematically in such studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ibuprofen-loaded ethylcellulose/polystyrene microspheres: an approach to get prolonged drug release with reduced burst effect and low ethylcellulose content.

The aim of this study was to develop ethylcellulose microspheres for prolonged drug delivery with reduced burst effect. Ethylcellulose microspheres loaded with ibuprofen were prepared with and without polystyrene, which was used to retard drug release from ethylcellulose microspheres. Ibuprofen-loaded ethylcellulose microspheres with a polystyrene content of 0-25% were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique and characterized by drug loading, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro release studies were performed to study the influence of polystyrene on ibuprofen release from ethylcellulose microspheres. The microspheres showed 28-46% of drug loading and 80-92% of entrapment, depending on polymer/drug ratio. The infrared spectrum and thermogram showed stable character of ibuprofen in the microspheres and revealed an absence of drug polymer interaction. The prepared microspheres were spherical in shape and had a size range of 0.1-4 microm. Ethylcellulose/polystyrene microspheres showed prolonged drug release and less burst effect when compared to microspheres prepared with ethylcellulose alone. Microspheres prepared with an ethylcellulose/polystyrene ratio of 80:20 gave a required release pattern for oral drug delivery. The presence of polystyrene above this ratio gave release over 24 h. To find out the mechanism of drug release from ethylcellulose/polystyrene microspheres, the data obtained from in vitro release were fitted in various kinetic models. High correlation was obtained in Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The drug release from ethylcellulose/polystyrene microspheres was found to be diffusion controlled.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗