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Biomedical subjects

K Bird

Publications and source records attributed to K Bird.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

A comparison of two structured diagnostic interviews: CIDI and SCAN.

The relationship between and the inter-rater reliability of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) for anxiety and depressive disorders were explored. The CIDI and the SCAN were administered by trained interviewers in counterbalanced order. A subsample of interviews was observed to determine the inter-rater reliability of the instruments. Subjects were 101 patients accepted for treatment at an Anxiety Disorders Clinic; 29 of the 101 patients participated in the inter-rater reliability study. Concordance between the instruments as measured by canonical correlation analysis was moderate for current (r = 0.69, p = 0.05) and for lifetime (r = 0.66, p = 0.05) diagnoses. Inter-rater reliability of the CIDI was perfect (overall intraclass kappa = 1.00), and of the SCAN was good (overall intraclass kappa = 0.67). It is concluded that although the two instruments made similar diagnostic distinctions, the clinical judgment involved in administering the SCAN resulted in the more moderate levels of agreement between the interviewer and observer than those found for the CIDI.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Influence of two amounts of dietary casein on uric acid, sodium urate, and ammonium urate urinary activity product ratios of healthy beagles.

Casein has been used as a protein source in diets designed to dissolve canine ammonium urate uroliths and to prevent their recurrence, because it contains fewer purine precursors than do many other sources of protein. However, an important question is whether reduced quantities of dietary casein have any benefit in modifying saturation of urine with urates. To answer this question, activity product ratios of uric acid, sodium urate, and ammonium urate were determined in 24-hour urine samples produced by 6 healthy Beagles during periods of consumption of a 10.4% protein, casein-based (10.4% casein) diet and a 20.8% protein, casein-based (20.8%casein) diet. Significantly lower 24-hour urinary excretions of ammonia and phosphorus were observed when dogs consumed the 10.4% casein diet. These results suggest that use of the 10.4% casein diet in protocols designed for dissolution and prevention of uric acid, sodium urate, and ammonium urate uroliths in dogs may be beneficial.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1986

Extratesticular hemorrhage associated with torsion of the spermatic cord: sonographic demonstration.

Using ultrasound (US), we studied seven patients with torsion of the spermatic cord associated with a large amount of extratesticular hemorrhage. In each case, US showed a large echogenic or complex extratesticular mass caused by the hemorrhage, in addition to a hypoechoic testis and scrotal skin thickening. This appearance should be recognized as part of the spectrum of sonographic appearances that can be seen in torsion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The problem of multiple inference in psychiatric research.

This paper deals with the problem of multiple inference in psychiatric research, an issue which arises whenever a researcher has to make more than one statistical inference in a single research study. It frequently arises in psychiatric research because of multivariate study designs, with subjects being measured on more than one dependent variable with the intention of studying differences between groups in mean scores. The disadvantages of the commonly adopted strategy of using multiple univariate tests (e.g. multiple t-tests) are outlined. Two broad strategies--Bonferroni-adjusted univariate tests and multivariate statistical analysis--are introduced. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in terms of their usefulness in confirmatory and exploratory research in psychiatry.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Testicular infarction secondary to acute inflammatory disease: demonstration by B-scan ultrasound.

Acute epididymitis can lead to obstruction of the adjacent testicular blood supply, resulting in focal or diffuse infarction of the testis or epididymis in the absence of torsion. Four cases are presented to demonstrate the spectrum of B-scan ultrasound findings, ranging from focal necrosis of the epididymis and ischemic infarction of the testis to diffuse testicular infarction. Epididymal enlargement and skin thickening are consistently seen on ultrasound as well as swelling and decreased echogenicity of the testicle. The authors suggest a protocol for acute scrotal symptoms, incorporating clinical findings and (where appropriate) radionuclide scans.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonography in testicular torsion.

Testicular torsion was evaluated by B-scan ultrasound in one experimental animal and in 12 patients. The clinical findings were categorized as acute, subacute, or chronic depending on the amount of time that had elapsed since the onset of pain (less than 24 hours, 1 to 10 days, and more than 10 days, respectively). A consistent pattern of sonographic parenchymal changes for each of these stages is described. The ultrasound textural changes were found to be diagnostically useful when correlated with the clinical findings. Scrotal ultrasound also complements radioisotope studies, locating the testicle when it cannot be found by palpation, and may detect testicular torsion that is not suspected clinically. When physiologic blood flow studies are normal in the clinical setting of possible torsion, ultrasound is more accurate than other imaging modalities in demonstrating pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Crystallographic and molecular-orbital studies on the geometry of antifolate drugs.

In the common dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors an amino substituent replaces the pteridine carbonyl oxygen atom of folates, with altered hydrogen-bonding properties and size. Flexibility in the amino groups could facilitate enzyme binding. Studies of cycloguanil hydrochloride by neutron diffraction show both in-plane and out-of-plane deformation of amino groups. Molecular-orbital calculations ab initio on 2,4-diamino-5-methylpyrimidinium cation confirm that the 4-amino group is readily deformable. The 2,4-diaminoquinazoline structure is reported. Atomic co-ordinates, thermal parameters, bond distances and bond angles for cycloguanil and 2,4-diaminoquinazoline have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50108 (13 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa. Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23, 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5.

Chemical Phenomena↗