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Biomedical subjects

K Bjøro

Publications and source records attributed to K Bjøro.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Vascular anomalies of the umbilical cord. II. Perinatal and pediatric implications.

Among 62 cases with single umbilical artery and 305 with velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord, we found a high incidence of congenital malformations in both groups, highest in the SUA-group. No organ system seemed to be more affected than the others. In both groups there was a high incidence of both intrauterine hypoxia and perinatal mortality among single live births without malformations. When following up these children we found several cases of congenital malformations or diseases not detected at birth, especially among children with a low birthweight. Although the mean birthweight for both groups was low, the children seemed to attain a normal length and weight quite rapidly. Children born with intrauterine growth retardation represented an exception in this respect as they seemed to remain small during childhood.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Vascular anomalies of the umbilical cord: I. Obstetric implications.

Single umbilical artery (SUA) and velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord (VIU) were observed in 0.44 and 2.17%, respectively in a series of 14050 placentae which were systematically examined. The birth weights for both these groups were lower than for the reference material, with the lowest mean value in the SUA-group. The ponderal index, indicating insufficient intrauterine supply of nutrients, was relatively more reduced than the head circumference--especially in the SUA-group. Among twins where only one had VIU most of the VIU-twins showed a comparable lower birth weight than the other twin. The mean gestational age was only moderately reduced in both groups, though there was quite a high number of premature births. Both bilobate placenta and placental infarcts were registered somewhat more frequently in both groups than in the reference material while circumvallate placenta was found more frequently in the SUA-group only. None of the groups showed reduced placental weight when correlated with birth weight.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Congenital abnormalities and growth patterns among cryptorchidic boys.

Congenital abnormalities, birth weight and approximate gestational age among 165 boys operated upon for cryptorchidism were registered. Their growth and sexual development was recorded on the basis of a follow-up questionnaire. We found a high incidence of congenital abnormalities, a slightly reduced birth weight and a high incidence of prematurely born boys. The patients seemed to be somewhat taller and more slender during the prepubertal period than their brothers who served as reference material. This trend seemed to disappear at the onset of puberty. The final height and weight did not differ from the final height and weight among the patients' brothers and fathers. The observed data may indicate that the prepubertal growth of cryptorchidic boys follows a hypogonadic pattern. The incidence of familial occurrence of undescended testes was also registered, 3.9% of the father and 6.5% of the brothers were reported to have undescended testes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1981

The prenatal determination of fetal weight by dynamic scanning.

An equation based on ultrasound measurements to estimate fetal weight must reflect the relationships between parameters of fetal size and growth as well as the change in fetal shape which occurs in relation to varying nutritional supplies. Four equations have been compared with respect to these demands. The material was collected from everyday practice in our hospital. Good results were obtained using two of the equations, and it was suggested that they may serve as valuable tools in studies of fetal growth.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1981

Gross pathology of the placenta in intrauterine growth retardation.

A prospective study of placental pathology in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) has been performed with a total of 223 placentas during a ten-year period. The material is divided into subgroups with or without hypertensive complications of pregnancy. Velamentous insertion, single umbilical artery (SUA) and placental infarct occurred more frequently in the IUGR group than in a reference material comprising 500 normal deliveries. Such a prevalence was not observed with marginal insertion, circumvallate placenta or true knot formation. Velamentous insertion and SUA, probably compromising the foetal blood circulation to some extent, occurred more frequently in the normotensive group than in the hypertensive group. Seven out of 11 cases with SUA were associated with foetal malformations. Anomalies in the placenta and in the umbilical cord affecting the foetal blood circulation are simple to recognize by naked-eye examination. Our prospective study of placentas in a series of IUGR cases shows that a routinely performed examination of the placenta in the delivery department may help to clarify the pathogenesis of retarded foetal growth in normotensive pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of the amniotic fluid from smokers and non-smokers in the Ames test.

Amniotic fluid from smokers and non-smokers was tested by the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Concentrated amniotic fluid from heavy smokers at term showed an increase in the number of revertants with increasing exposure to tar. However, some of the non-smokers had a higher number of revertants than the smokers. No significant differences were found between second-trimester samples from smokers and non-smokers, but the limited volumes available at this stage of pregnancy may be a source of error.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mutagenic effect of amniotic fluid from smoking women at term.

Concentrated term amniotic fluid samples from 44 women smokers and 44 controls were investigated with respect to mutagenic effect in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test, using tester strains TA98 and TA100. Tests with freeze-dried specimens of term amniotic fluid showed increases in the number of revertant colonies over background values, regardless of smoking status. However, samples from heavy smokers produced a higher number of revertants than did samples from nonsmokers in several experiments with tester strain TA98. The increase was statistically significant, using either total tar content or number of cigarettes smoked to identify heavy smokers. Experimental series with tester strain TA100 also resulted in higher group means for heavy smokers than for nonsmokers, but the difference was not statistically significant with the concentrations used in this assay. We conclude that heavy smokers may expose their unborn children to mutagenic substances.

Amniotic Fluid↗