Biomedical subjects

K Bowen-Jones

Publications and source records attributed to K Bowen-Jones.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Persecutory delusions and autobiographical memory.

OBJECTIVES: It was hypothesized that people with persecutory delusions, such as depressed people, would experience difficulty when attempting to generate specific autobiographical memories. DESIGN: 20 deluded participants, 20 depressed patients and 20 normal controls were compared on an autobiographical memory test. METHODS: Participants attempted to recall memories to positive and negative cue words. Independent raters classified responses as specific, general, imaginary or unscorable. Over-general memories were further classified as extended or categorical. RESULTS: Deluded participants recalled significantly more general (especially categorical) memories and fewer specific memories than the normal control subjects. Depressed participants showed little evidence of over-general memories, although they showed faster recall latencies to negative than to positive cues. CONCLUSIONS: People with paranoid delusions show information processing features similar to those previously reported in people with depression. The possible contribution of adverse experiences to over-general autobiographical recall is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Chronic low back pain rehabilitation programs: a study of the optimum duration of treatment and a comparison of group and individual therapy.

STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-four patients with chronic low back pain were treated using cognitive behavioral principles on a pain management program. Outcome data were collected at four points: 10 weeks before treatment, immediately before and immediately after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. In part 1 of the study, patients were assigned randomly to group or individual treatment contexts. In part 2 of the study, patients were assigned randomly to programs of 15, 30, or 60 hours duration. OBJECTIVES: To identify the differences in outcome between programs that treated patients as part of a group and those that treated patients individually and the effects of duration of treatment on outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cognitive behavioral programs have been shown to be an effective means of managing chronic low back pain. The literature is concerned with group programs, however, the duration of which vary widely. METHOD: Psychological and functional variables were measured before and after treatment and at the 6-month follow-up visit. Changes in these variables were measured, and comparisons were made between group and individual programs and between 15-, 30-, and 60-hour programs. RESULTS: Data analysis showed a significant, beneficial effect of intervention in terms of the majority of variables; however, these changes were generally independent of whether patients were treated as part of a group or individually and whether patients completed a 15-, 30-, or 60-hour program. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive behavioral rehabilitation programs have been demonstrated to be an effective means of reducing psychological distress, of changing cognition, and of improving the function of patients with chronic low back pain; however, the length of program and whether patients were treated individually or as part of a group did not affect outcome. This finding has clinical and economic implications.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1997

Two predictions about paranoid ideation: deluded, depressed and normal participants' subjective frequency and consensus judgments for positive, neutral and negative events.

Two groups of patients suffering from persecutory delusions, one consisting of patients also suffering from depression and a non-depressed group, together with clinically depressed and normal controls matched with the deluded patients for age and intelligence, were asked to rate the frequency with which selected positive, negative and neutral events had happened to themselves and to an average other person in the past, and the frequency with which these events were likely to happen to themselves and to an average other person in the future. Results were similar for both past and expected future events. Non-depressed-deluded, depressed-deluded and depressed patients rated negative events as occurring relatively more frequently in comparison to the normal controls. Depressed participants rated positive events as occurring more frequently to others, whereas the normal participants rated negative events as occurring more often to others. Correlational analyses indicated that depression scores were associated with low estimates of the frequency with which positive events happen to self and high estimates of the frequency with which negative events happen to self. Magical ideation scores, an index of psychosis, were associated with high estimates of the frequency of negative events for both self and others. These findings are interpreted in the context of previous evidence on cognitive biases in deluded patients.

Adult↗