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Biomedical subjects

K C Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to K C Phillips.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Receptivity of a worksite breast cancer screening education program.

A breast cancer screening education program was offered to 97 major worksites in Forsyth County, North Carolina. Worksites could design a program by choosing components that consisted of (1) brochures, (2) breast cancer education classes taught by program staff or (3) sending company nurses to be trained by program staff to then teach employees at the worksite. A total of 63 out of the original 97 companies (65%) accepted and offered a program to their employees. Worksites that chose to sponsor a program were more likely to have already sponsored breast cancer education programs at their worksites (P = 0.027) or to have a medical department (P = 0.006). The type of component selected was significantly associated with a history of sponsoring other health education programs (P < 0.001). Fourteen worksites chose the more intensive component, the training of a company nurse. More than half of the worksites that had never sponsored and had no plans to sponsor worksite breast education programs were receptive to our program (43 of 73, 59%). The majority of these sites (67%) chose the brochure. These results indicate that worksites are receptive to offering breast cancer educational programs if varying types of components can be selected.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Improving compliance among women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a clinic-based intervention, consisting of motivational brochures and a tracking system, increases adherence to recommendations for treatment in women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears. METHODS: Three pairs of clinics--two family planning clinics, two family practice clinics, and two dysplasia clinics--were randomized within pairs either to provide the intervention or to maintain usual contact procedures with women having abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Baseline adherence rates were assessed through chart review during 3 randomly selected months of the previous year. Intervention clinics received the tracking system and motivational brochures, which were sent to women on notification of their cervical abnormalities. Comparison clinics also used the tracking system but did not include the brochures when notifying women of their abnormalities. Adherence rates were assessed prospectively for approximately 100 consecutive nonpregnant women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears (inflammatory benign atypia, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I, II, or III) at each clinic. RESULTS: Within clinics, baseline adherence rates ranged from 34-69% for atypia and 33-88% for dysplasia. For dysplasia patients, the overall analysis indicated a significant increase in adherence for the intervention clinics (P = .03); however, for atypia patients, the observed difference was not statistically significant (P = .23). Extensive analyses of the data from family planning clinics indicated that women receiving the intervention were more likely to obtain follow-up treatment (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.15-5.85). There was a suggestion that the intervention could have a greater effect among African-American women (OR 15.7) compared with white women (OR 1.8) (P = .09). White women, those with dysplasia, nonsmokers, and nulliparas were most likely to adhere to treatment recommendations. CONCLUSION: A motivational brochure can enhance adherence to treatment recommendations among women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears. Future studies should focus on techniques for enhancing adherence among more resistant participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Breast cancer screening education in the workplace.

This study examined the use of breast cancer screening education programs in 102 of the major workplaces in Forsyth County, North Carolina. Characteristics of workplaces that had sponsored such programs within the preceding three years were identified. Eighteen percent of the workplaces surveyed had offered breast cancer screening education programs. Factors that were directly related to having sponsored a program included the size of the workforce, the number of female employees, and the proportion of female employees over 40 years old. Characteristics related to health service activities in the workplace were also predictive. Neither the type of industry nor the insurance status of the workplace was significantly related to having sponsored a program.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

On choosing to make aversive events predictable or unpredictable: some behavioural and psychophysiological findings.

Choice and psychophysiological correlates of choice were examined for 36 subjects in a laboratory paradigm where one of two visual display channels could be selected. The first gave warning of an aversive event (shock or noise). The second channel provided an interesting distraction but gave no warning of an aversive event. The subjects were led to believe that aversive events were either avoidable, possibly avoidable or unavoidable. The events were also described as differing in likelihood from trial to trial. Results suggested that threat of unexperienced events produced more monitoring for warning. Controllability and likelihood enhanced choice of monitoring though male subjects showed some anomalous results. There was some tentative evidence to suggest that subjects scoring internally on the locus of control dimension may show more definite preference for one or other channel. Monitoring was associated with greater subjective tension, tonic heart-rate and skin conductance fluctuations. The pattern of correlations among arousal and choice indices across trials suggested that the cardiovascular measure reflected the vigilant aspect of active coping whilst the subjective tension and electrodermal measures reflected affective aspects of arousal. Results are discussed in terms of the literature on coping strategies and stress, and possible applications of experimental work on controllability.

Arousal↗
PubMed1984

Age influences the minimum infusion rate (ED50) for continuous infusions of Althesin and methohexitone.

The influence of age has been studied on equipotent rates of continuous infusions of two intravenous hypnotic agents. Two end points have been defined; ED50: the rate needed to suppress the initial response to the surgical incision in 50% of patients, and ED95: the corresponding rate in 95% of patients receiving continuous infusion anaesthesia to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. All 210 patients included in the study were premedicated with morphine 0.15 mg kg-1. For patients aged 20-40 years (young group), the ED50 values for Althesin (as alphaxalone) and methohexitone were 14.6 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 59.9 micrograms kg-1 min-1. The ED95 values were 21.0 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 92.1 micrograms kg-1 min-1. For patients aged 55-80 years (old group), the ED50 values for Althesin and methohexitone were 11.0 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 44.2 micrograms kg-1 m in-1, while the corresponding ED95 values were 16.4 micrograms kg-1 min-1 and 76.2 micrograms kg-1 min-1.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Dose-response relationships for infusions of Althesin or methohexitone.

A technique is described for the determination of equipotent rates of infusion of intravenous hypnotic agents. Two end points have been defined; the rates needed to suppress the initial response to the surgical incision in 50% (ED50) and 95% (ED95) of patients receiving continuous infusion anaesthesia to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. For patients aged 20-60 years, and premedicated with morphine 0.15 mg/kg intramuscularly, the ED50 values for Althesin (as alphaxalone) and methohexitone by infusion were 13.7 and 48.8 micrograms/kg/minute respectively. The ED95 values were 18.1 and 75.9 micrograms/kg/minute. For patients of a similar age premedicated with diazepam 10 mg orally, the ED50 values for Althesin and methohexitone were 18.5 and 66.0 micrograms/kg/minute respectively; while the ED95 values were 24.2 and 80.8 micrograms/kg/minute.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Second stage of labour with or without extradural analgesia.

Two groups of parturients who had received selective extradural analgesia were studied. In Group A patients the regional block was allowed to wear off for the second stage of labour whereas in Group B patients' analgesia was maintained throughout labour. The maintenance of selective analgesia was of positive benefit to the mothers. They experienced much less pain, labour was not prolonged, dosage of bupivacaine was not increased, the forceps delivery rate was lower and there were fewer persistent malrotations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hemodynamic and hepatic effects of methohexital infusion during nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans.

The hemodynamic effects of methohexital, at infusion rates of 60-65 and 120 micrograms/kg/min with concomitant inhalation of 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen, have been studied during spontaneous and controlled ventilation in 8 patients. Under most of the conditions studied methohexital infusion anesthesia was associated with lower arterial pressure (-13% to -33%) than in the awake state, decreased cardiac output (-26% to -38%), and increased systemic vascular resistance (+5% to +37%) during surgery, but also with decreased cardiac output (-25%) and decreased systemic vascular resistance (-13%) during anesthesia without surgery. The higher infusion rate was not associated with decreases in arterial pressure or cardiac output during either spontaneous or controlled ventilation. The hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation was poorly suppressed by methohexital in that peak arterial pressures exceeded the preanesthetic values by 33%. No evidence of impaired hepatocellular function was found after infusions of methohexital lasting up to 4 h.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

The suppression of behaviour in rats by previous experience and electric shock and its antagonism by atropine.

Behavioural suppression was induced in rats by either previous experience alone or by a combination of previous experience and electric footshock. The effects of atropine (10 mg/kg) were compared with saline on a number of behavioural parameters suppressed by the above treatments. Atropine antagonised habituation and shock-induced suppression, which suggests that behavioural suppression however induced, may depend upon a common neuropharmacological mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Failure of antiserotonergic agents to modify levallorphan-induced stereotypy in rats.

The possibilty that the stereotypic behaviour induced by levallorphan, a narcotic antagonist, might be influenced by a serotonergic system was examined. Two antiserotonergic agents, methysergide and parachlorophenylalanine, failed to modify such stereotypy implying that serotonin is not involved. It is suggested that dopamine might be the principle mediator of this behaviour.

Animals↗