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Biomedical subjects

K Carlisle

Publications and source records attributed to K Carlisle.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Delayed compliance increase in infants with respiratory distress syndrome following synthetic surfactant.

Recent research has demonstrated that Exosurf (EXSF), a newly synthesized artificial surfactant, increases survival when administered endotracheally to premature infants with RDS. This study examines the effects of EXSF on static respiratory system compliance (Crs). Thirty-four patients received two doses of EXSF in this rescue protocol. Crs (mL/cmH2O/kg) did not significantly change within the first 4 hours after either dose. However, Crs values did increase significantly (paired Student's t-test, P = 0.005) when data collected after the second dose (0.36 +/- 0.13 mL/cmH2O/kg) were compared to first week follow-up data (0.51 +/- 0.21 mL/cmH2O/kg). Crs data collected between 2 and 4 weeks after treatments were again not significantly different from non-concurrent control data collected at 3-4 weeks of life. The measurement of Crs in infants receiving EXSF may have been affected by an increase in lung inflation, which could mask an increase in Crs. We speculate that improved lung inflation may occur with less barotrauma in the first week of life due to surfactant replacement treatment and may in part explain the improved Crs seen at 1 week of age. Many investigators using different surfactants, dosing schedules, and pulmonary function methodologies to evaluate lung mechanics have reported that the improvement in compliance after surfactant treatment usually follows the clinical improvement in gas exchange. Additional studies are needed to explain the mechanism of early improvement following surfactant replacement in infants with RDS.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1991

The architecture of black and white facial skin.

This study yielded the following findings on the morphologic facial skin differences between black and white women: The epidermis of black skin has more and larger singly distributed melanosomes in the keratinocytes and corneocytes than that of white skin. The stratum lucidum in black skin is not altered by sunlight exposure. The epidermis of black skin rarely shows atrophied areas. The elaunin and oxytalan fibers in black skin are not disposed in candelabra-like formations. Black skin has minimal elastosis and elastic fibers stain pink or red with the hematoxylin and Lee procedure; none stain lilac or blue. The dermis of black skin contains many more fiber fragments composed of collagen fibrils and glycoproteins. Fibroblasts are more numerous, larger, have more biosynthetic organelles than white skin, and are often binucleated and multinucleated. The dermis of black skin has many binucleated and multinucleated macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Black skin has many more mixed apocrine-eccrine sweat glands than does white skin and more blood and lymphatic vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Structural changes in ageing skin.

As average life expectancy is increasing, the ageing of skin presents a growing problem for dermatologists. When considering ageing it is important to distinguish between the effects of true biological ageing and environmental factors, such as exposure to sun. Epidermal changes associated with ageing involve the flattening of its underside, a reduction in the number of Langerhans cells and of melanocytes, and a decline in the number of melanosomes synthesized, leading to reduced pigmentation. Dermal changes involve a reduction in the collagenous and elastic fibres, fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages, and dilation of the lymphatic channels. The number of hair follicles declines with age, but their structure remains unchanged. Ageing does not affect the sebaceous glands, but some changes occur in the exocrine sweat glands.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Histology of sun-damaged human skin.

In glycomethacrylate sections of sun-exposed skin, we found the epidermis a sensitive index of damage. The stratum corneum of severely damaged skin was often compact and laminated, or gelatinous, and sometimes contained vesicles full of proteinous material. These vesicles arose from the enlarged and distinctly cellular-thick stratum lucidum. Sometimes there was no clear transition between the stratum lucidum and corneum. In the malpighian layer, cell heterogeneity, vacuolization, dysplasia, and zonal necrosis were common. The number of Langerhans cells was reduced in sun-damaged epidermis. The dermis had the usual disparate degrees of elastotic changes, with the formation of amorphous masses and the occurrence of fiber breakdown (fibrorhexis and fibrolysis). Macrophages among the elastotic masses contained coarse granules. When stained by means of the hematoxylin and Lee technique, the elastotic masses in the papillary dermis were pink or red but those in the mid dermis stained lilac to blue; all other elastic fibers stained pink or red. We found reticulin fibers predominantly around the elastotic masses and in areas of fibrorhexis and/or fibrolysis; a delicate collagenous fiber scaffolding supported the elastotic masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Wound healing in the sex skin of pig-tailed macaques.

We studied wound healing in methacrylate- and araldite-embedded sex skin, a unique tissue that embodies the properties of friction surface and hairy skin. The largely light-microscopic observations were supplemented with transmission electron microscopy. The time of epidermal bridging was directly dependent on how closely apposed were the wound margins. Repair in the dermis always occurred more rapidly in the upper and in the lower parts of the wound gap than in the middle. Early in healing, the original epidermis cut off a wedge of skin in the upper wound margin (precocious remodeling) and cast it off at the margin of the clot. Remodeling (collagen resorption) inside the wound gap is accomplished primarily by fibroclasts. All mast cells in the vicinity of the wound attain fatty vacuoles. Adipose tissue near the wound undergoes lipolysis: the adipocytes gradually become smaller and their cytoplasm reticulated as small fat vesicles are extruded in the interstitium; fibroblasts, macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and mast cells readily phagocytose the fat vesicles. Elastic fibers do not participate in wound healing. There was no evidence of elastic fiber formation in granulation tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Structural changes in aging human skin.

In both exposed and protected areas of progressively older people the underside of the epidermis becomes increasingly flattened out. This flattening is accompanied by a comparable rarefaction of the superficial blood vessels. In this article we review the architecture of the elastic fiber framework in the papillary dermis of skin protected from the sun; aging changes that occur are similar to, but less severe than, those in sun-exposed areas. Most cutaneous sensory end organs are little affected by aging; those in the external genitalia, however, and particularly those underneath the vaginal epithelium become smaller and some disappear.

Adolescent↗