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Biomedical subjects

K Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to K Carroll.

104 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Secondary infection of post-traumatic pulmonary cavitary lesions in adolescents and young adults: role of computed tomography and operative debridement and drainage.

Secondary infection of post-traumatic cavitary lung lesions is unusual. This report describes the clinical course of four patients who sustained severe blunt chest trauma and developed pulmonary pseudocysts that became foci for systemic sepsis. All four patients were adolescents or young adults. Hemophilus species and aerobic Gram-negative rods were the predominant pathogens recovered. Computed tomography of the chest was instrumental in establishing the diagnosis in each case. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, all four patients remained septic for weeks. One of the patients died as a result of this infectious process. One patient underwent successful operative debridement and drainage of the involved lung and pleural space. Because infected traumatic pseudocysts may not respond like typical lung abscesses to appropriate antibiotic management, early exploratory thoracotomy should be considered in those patients with prolonged fever and pulmonary deterioration.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

The elimination of mycoplasma from infected hybridomas by passaging in BALB/c mice.

Hybridomas, which were found to be infected with mycoplasma, were cleared of contamination by passaging in BALB/c mice. This procedure was successfully applied to four of five cultures examined. The procedure offers a simple and effective means of eliminating mycoplasma from valuable and sometimes irreplaceable hybridoma cell cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

'Toxic strep syndrome'. A manifestation of group A streptococcal infection.

Three patients presented with multisystem disease that shared many of the features of toxic shock syndrome. Bacteriologic and serologic evidence strongly suggested that group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus had caused the illnesses. Group A streptococcal infection may be an underdiagnosed cause of a toxic streptococcal syndrome, a syndrome of multisystem disease apparently mediated by toxins.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Developing and negotiating transfer agreements in allied health.

The Kentucky Council on Higher Education has developed a statewide articulated system for allied health education. The articulated system permits entry and exit of prepared professionals at a variety of levels. The six disciplinary clusters included in the system are clinical laboratory sciences, dental auxiliaries, dietetics/nutrition, rehabilitation therapies, radiological sciences, and respiratory therapy. Competency-based education was used as the theoretical framework for developing and negotiating transfer agreements. Types of agreements included the block credit transfer agreement and the course specific transfer agreement. Agreements were negotiated between education systems and between specific programs/institutions. To date, approximately 30 transfer agreements have been negotiated. The process for negotiating transfer agreements included the following sequence: identify programs, develop a theoretical articulation model, rank order transfer agreements, determine the type of agreement, review respective curricula, determine the existing amount of transferable coursework, draft a pre-articulation agreement, schedule a meeting between faculty and administrators to discuss the agreement, and secure authorizing signatures on the final transfer agreement. Facilitators and barriers to negotiating agreements are discussed and recommendations offered for others who may be interested in developing transfer agreements.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

Delayed halitosis-a rare cause.

A 38-year-old tuberculous male Pakistani presented with halitosis and a cough especially marked when lying on his left side. Barium swallow demonstrated a fistula between oesophagus and left main bronchus. Anti-tuberculous therapy and repeated cauterization failed to close the fistula. Thoracotomy confirmed a congenital oesophago-bronchial fistula. Division and suture resulted in cure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Memory development: an approach to the mentally impaired elderly in the long-term care setting.

Based upon a review of the literature on memory and cognitive impairments a number of procedures were implemented to improve memory function among nursing home residents. This paper describes the conceptual basis for the program called Memory Development (MD), and delineates procedures and techniques involving the use of cues, practice, and motivation. MD is compared to the traditional Reality Orientation (RO) approach.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calorie restriction increases light-dependent photoreceptor cell loss in the neural retina of fischer 344 rats.

We investigated the effect of > or = 8 months of 40% caloric restriction (CR) on photoreceptor cell loss in 12, 18, and 24 month-old Fischer 344 rats (N = 154). Rats were reared at the NIA Biomarkers Program, National Center for Toxicological Research. Photoreceptor cell density, assessed histologically, declined with age in both the CR-fed and ad lib (AL)-fed cohorts (P < 0.000), but declines were more pronounced in the CR cohort (P < 0.0005). The deleterious effect of CR was most pronounced in the central as opposed to the peripheral retina (P = 0.008), suggesting a light-dependent mechanism. Photoreceptor cell density was inversely associated with rearing under bright light (300-750 lux) as compared with rearing under lower illuminance (< or = 200 lux) (P < 0.0005). However, the deleterious effect of bright light on photoreceptor cell density was more pronounced in the CR cohort (P = 0.04). Effects of CR on circadian activity are likely to increase the actual light exposure of the CR cohort and may explain the apparent inability of CR to delay retinal aging in albino rats.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Substance dependence posttraumatic stress disorder therapy. An integrated cognitive-behavioral approach.

While substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are known to frequently co-occur, there have been few published clinical trials evaluating integrated approaches for this form of dual diagnosis. This article describes Substance Dependence PTSD Therapy (SDPT), the first manualized individual treatment to undergo a controlled clinical trial. SDPT is a 5-month, twice-weekly, two-phase individual cognitive-behavioral treatment utilizing (a) relapse prevention and coping skills training for substance abuse; and (b) psychoeducation, stress inoculation training, and in vivo exposure for PTSD. SDPT is also unique in having been designed for use in mixed-gendered civilians with varied sources of trauma. Design considerations and the format, structure, and content of therapy sessions are discussed. Open trial pilot data indicates efficacy in reducing PTSD severity.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coxa vara: surgical outcomes of valgus osteotomies.

Since the 1950s, valgus-producing femoral osteotomy has been the preferred treatment for significant coxa vara. Despite well-performed surgeries, the literature cites recurrence rates of 30-70%. The present study reviews our past 15 years of surgical experience for coxa vara; 26 children with 37 affected hips were retrospectively evaluated for outcome following valgus osteotomy. Both congenital and acquired types of coxa vara were included. Overall recurrence rate following valgus osteotomy was 50%. Age at time of surgery, type of surgery, and type of implant and etiology were found to have no bearing on recurrence. However, if Hilgenreiner's epiphyseal angle was corrected to < 38 degrees, 95% of children had no recurrence of varus. In contrast, head-shaft angle was found not to be a reliable indicator of appropriate correction. Only six of 37 hips required pelvic osteotomy (five Pemberton, one Chiari) for dysplasia, and four of these had developmental dysplasia of the hip as the underlying etiology for their coxa vara. However, if the proximal femur was corrected and maintained before age 10, 83% of children had excellent acetabular depth, spherical congruency, relief from pain, and correction of Trendelenburg gait at latest follow-up.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exophiala werneckii endophthalmitis following cartaract surgery in an immunocompetent individual.

A case of infectious endophthalmitis caused by the saprophyte Exophiala werneckii is reported. This has not been recognized as a pathogen for ocular infections previously. The infection followed uncomplicated cataract surgery involving phacoemulsification and IOL implant. Clinical presentation was that of an indolent endophthalmitis with relatively acute onset. Pars plana vitrectomy, fungal stains, and culture established the diagnosis. Initial management consisted of empirical intravitreal injection of vancomycin, ceftazidime, and amphotericin B. Treatment was supplemented with a 3-week course of systemic fluconazole and topical therapy with natamycin, atropine, ciprofloxacin, and diclofenac. The visual acuity returned to 20/20-2 with no recurrence of infection. The source of the infection could not be determined. Fungal endophthalmitis has to be considered as a rare, though important, complication following ophthalmic surgery. Specific fungal stains and cultures are helpful for establishing the diagnosis early in the course of disease. E werneckii should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis.

Aged↗