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Biomedical subjects

K Chandiramani

Publications and source records attributed to K Chandiramani.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

Have the Cross-Informant Syndromes of the CBCL any practical value in identifying grouped ICD10 diagnoses?

120 children referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric service in a university clinic were studied with the aim of deriving predictors for grouped ICD10 diagnoses using the CBCL Cross-Informant-Syndromes (CISs). CIS7 (Delinquent Behaviour) and CIS8 (Aggressive Behaviour) were shown to significantly separate Disruptive Behaviour Disorders from all other disorders. As cross-validation, a separate clinical sample of 118 children from a similar service in another part of the country was used to see to what extent the CIS predictors from the first sample held up in the second sample. Positive and Negative Predictive Powers, all corrected for chance, confirmed that the Disruptive Behaviour Disorder group could be usefully separated from all other disorders using the Delinquent Behaviour and the Aggressive Behaviour Cross-Informant Syndrome scores. There was no good evidence that Emotional (Anxiety-Mood) Disturbance could be usefully separated in the same way using the Anxious-Depressed Syndrome (CIS3) or any other syndrome. Discriminant Function Analysis showed that there was no significant improvement in prediction when more elaborate linear combinations of the syndromes were used.

Adolescent↗

Assassination of Indira Gandhi: impact on psychiatric patients.

The psychological impact of the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on psychiatric inpatients was studied. A semistructured interview indicated faulty perception of, and inappropriate reaction to, the event and its implications in the patients, often colored by their background and illness. The Modified Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale indicated a significant rise in their psychopathology soon after the event.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

Negative and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia.

Ninety-five schizophrenic patients were assessed using the Present State Examination, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Negative and depressive symptoms were frequent, and significant relationships among negative symptom complexes and depressive syndromes were noted. Retardation, lack of energy, slowness, and other symptoms of depression were significantly associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Depressed affect per se did not have a significant correlation with negative symptoms.

Defense Mechanisms↗

Imagery in schizophrenic patients compared with normal controls.

Comparison of imagery was made between 20 hallucinating schizophrenics, 20 non-hallucinating schizophrenics and 20 normal controls using Bett's questionnaire on the vividness of mental imagery and Gordon's test of the control of visual imagery. Hallucinating schizophrenic patients did not differ from non-hallucinating schizophrenic or normal controls with regard to the vividness or control of imagery, indicating a lack of relationship between hallucinations and mental imagery. Although it indicates that there is no disturbance in the vividness of volitional mental imagery in schizophrenia, the presence of abnormal spontaneous imagery cannot be commented upon.

Adolescent↗

Diagnostic systems for schizophrenia. A cross-sectional study of concordance from India.

In a cross-sectional study, five diagnostic systems for schizophrenia: CATEGO, Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, Feighner's Criteria, and Schneider's First Rank Symptoms, were evaluated for their usefulness, comprehensiveness and concordance, using a clinical diagnosis conforming to the ICD-9 concept of schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 112 patients. It was found that all the diagnostic systems had good agreement with the index diagnosis. The rate of concordance among the systems varied. The advantages and limitations of each system and its usefulness in Indian context are discussed.

Acute Disease↗

Outcome of schizophrenia in India using various diagnostic systems.

A group of 112 patients diagnosed to be suffering from schizophrenia according to ICD-9 concept of this disorder were followed-up for a period of 18-30 months. Five diagnostic systems for schizophrenia: CATEGO, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Feighner's Criteria, DSM-III and Schneider's First Rank Symptoms were also applied to the study group at the beginning of the investigation. The outcome was assessed in the areas of clinical improvement, course, severity of illness and work. The course of the disorder and outcome in various definitions did not reveal significant variability though patients diagnosed to be schizophrenics according to DSM-III tended to display more psychopathology and impaired work efficiency at the time of follow-up.

Adult↗

Positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia. A follow-up study from India.

98 schizophrenic patients who were initially studied to examine the concept of positive and negative subtyping, were followed up for a period ranging from 18 to 30 months. Follow-up data were available for 79 patients. The major findings of the study are significant reduction in positive symptom scores and the number of patients in the positive subtype of schizophrenia. The mixed subtype of schizophrenics increased in number and at follow-up there were significantly more mixed subtype schizophrenics who did not meet criteria for either the positive or negative subtype, i.e., who had little of either type of symptomatology. The number of schizophrenics categorized as negative subtype, as well as negative symptom scores did not change appreciably. The results of the study indicate that the negative symptoms seem to become more stable over a period of time.

Adult↗

WHOQOL-Hindi: a questionnaire for assessing quality of life in health care settings in India. World Health Organization Quality of Life.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life is becoming an important component of overall assessment in health care settings. However, satisfactory instruments are not available for use in India. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative work was conducted at the Delhi centre as a part of the WHOQOL (World Health Organization Quality of Life) project at 15 centres in developing and developed countries to construct a new quality of life instrument (WHOQOL). The pilot field trial at Delhi was conducted on 304 adult subjects using the 236-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Based on the pilot field trial data, item reduction could be done to develop a 100-item version (WHOQOL-100, Hindi). The items are distributed into 4 domains (physical; psychological, social and environmental health) and 25 facets. Each facet has four items, rated on a five-point scale. The initial psychometric properties of this instrument are satisfactory. A 26-item short version has also been developed (WHOQOL-Bref, Hindi). CONCLUSION: The WHOQOL-100, Hindi appears to be a suitable instrument for comprehensively assessing quality of life in health care settings. WHOQOL-Bref, Hindi can be used for intervention studies including drug trials.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗